CADETS DEFENCE ACADEMY

PRONOUN
 Pronoun is a word which is used...... noun. It avoids the repetition of noun.
1. Inspite of
2. Despite of
3. By dint of
4. Instead of
Pronoun Table:
Subjective Objective Possessive Possessive Reflexive
Case Case Adjective Pronoun Pronoun
I Me My Mine Myself
We Us Our Ours Ourself/selves
You You Your Yours Yourself/selves
He Him His His Himself
She Her Her Hers Herself
They Them Their Theirs Themselves
It It Its Itself

Diff. Between Its & It‟s :

Its : Adjective
It‟s : It is / It was
e.g# 1. The state govt. isn‟t playing ___ roll in Uttarakhand.
2. The R.B.I has allowed the S.B.I to open ___ Branch in remote areas,
because ___ doing well these days.

Some examples to understand basic facts of pronoun :

1. Rohan bought a white shirt __was immaculately white.
2. Rohan bought three white shirts ___ were immaculately white.
3. The R.B.I is the master of all Indian Banks ___ follow it
4. Amit and Raju are Indians ___ are imbued with the spirit of nationalism.
5. I met/ had me Raheem two hours ago ___ has impeccable character.
6. Ravi bought a book. _____ bought ___ for 200 rupees.
7. I saw Rakhi. ____ is a good girl. _____ has a scooty.
8. Rohan has a horse. _____ doesn‟t want to dispose ____ of.
9. The students were making a noise. _____ were pulled up by the teacher.
10. A dog is a faithful animal. ____ barks at night.
11. Where is your cat? _____ has drunk my milk.
12. India is a country. ______ is very peaceful.
13. The fans are not moving. _____ are idle.
14. The teacher is teaching in the class. _____ teaches honestly.
15. The principal distributed the books among the students. _____ helps ______.

Kinds of Pronoun:

1. Personal pronoun
2. Possessive pronoun
3. Demonstrative pronoun
4. Distributive pronoun

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5. Reciprocal pronoun
6. Reflexive pronoun
7. Emphatic or Emphasising pronoun
8. Indefinite pronoun
9. Relative pronoun
10. Interrogative pronoun

1. Interrogative pronoun : Words used for nouns to ask questions are called interrogative pronoun.

# When Wh. Words are used as subject or object, they are called interrogative pronoun.

1. Wh. word + Noun + verb + ........ ? (# : Who is always used as subject).

2. Wh. word (sub/object) + verb +.....? (#: Whom is always used as object not subject)

Eg# 1. Who is going to the market ?

2. Whom will you murder?

3. Which shirt does he like?

4. Which is your shirt?

5. Which teacher taught them?

6. What colour is your jacket?

7. What is the colour of your jacket?

8. Whose books was lying on the floor?

9. Whose is this book?

2. Reciprocal Pronoun: Each other and one another are called reciprocal pronouns. They
denote mutual relationship.

# Each other denotes mutual relationship between two persons or things.

# One another denotes mutual relationship among more than two persons or
things.
Eg 1. He was so afraid that his knees knocked ___________.
2. After the farewell the students of class 12th bade ___________
good bye.
3. All the students are talking to ___________.
4. Both the girls hate ___________.
5. Babita and Amit never liked ___________.

3. Relative Pronoun : Words used for nouns to show them “relating to” are called relative
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pronoun.
# Relative pronoun are the pronouns that show relation between an antecedent and the clause given after
them.

Antecedent Clause
Relative
pronoun

Relation

Who, Whom, Which, That, Whose, are used as relative Pronoun.

1. Who Vs Whom : In case of relative pronoun who is used as subject while whom is used as
object, Who and Whom are used when the antecedent is a person.

Antecedent
1.
Who
Person Sub

Antecedent
2.
Whom
Person object

1. I have two sons ___ are careless.

2. I saw an old man ___ was blind in his eyes.
3. I met a boy ___ I taught.
4. He ___ works hard will get success.
5. His uncle ____ he loved is no more.
6. Ramesh is the student ____ I taught last year has made an unbreakable record this year.
7. Mr. Sharma is the teacher ____ we respect a lot teaches extremely well.
8. He is the man _____ I know very well, has helped my son in the final examinations.
9. The boy _____ you see there has scored 95 % marks in the Board exams.
10. David warner is one of the batsmen ___ can plays very well in adverse conditions
11. The bank has designated an executive ___ will guide customers during online transactions.
12. The student ____ has come late will be punished.
13. She is a famous teacher ____ lives in Meerut, wants to open a school for the poor.
14. Mr. Sharma is a person ____ lives in Dehradun, wants to help the needy.
15. This is the teacher _____ taught my children.
16. The person ___________I like most is my mother.
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17. Mr. Verma is an eminent writer _________ is living in London these days.
18. The man _____ is standing there is my elder brother.
19. These are the boys _____ the headmaster praised.

WHICH :

Antecedent
Which
Non living
Object
Sub.

1. I have an Idea ____ can change your life.

2. I bought a car ____ cost/costed me 10 rupees.
3. He has 4 pens ____ is/are red in colour.
4. A current account is a deposit account ____ is offered by banks mainly to firms & companies .
5. The candidate has applied for donation ____ will help him win the election.
6. India needs a value education system ____ will inculcate moral values among the student and enrich their
personalities.
7. The chair ____ is red is mine.
8. This is the car _____ I have bought is red.
9. Bring me the letters _____ the postman left.
10. The moment _____ is lost is lost forever.
11. The news ____ I received upset me.
12. The answer ____ you gave is not right.

USE OF THAT (Relative pronoun) :

A. If two antecedents are joined by “AND”, one being a human and the other being a non living animal, we
use “that” as relative pronoun.

Antecedent

That
Person Non living
Or
Animal

1. Mohit and his cow that I saw near club premises were turned out.
2. The boy and his horse that I saw yesterday have been kidnapped.

B. The same .................. that

1. He is the same person......... I met in the market.
a. Which
b. Whom
c. Who
d. That

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2. This is the same book _____ I bought two days ago.
3. This is the picture of the same person ______ passed away two months ago.

C. After Superlative degree :

 He is the wisest student ______ has scored 60 % marks in UPSC.
 This is the most beautiful painting ______ you have ever made.
 Mr. Sharma is the most laborious teacher ______ we have ever seen
 She is the one of the best mothers ______ has/ have ever lived.
 She is the only girl ______ has/have qualified for tier two.

D. The only/ The little/ The few........................ that.

 The few friends ______I have are extremely good.
 The little money ______I have him has been spent.
 You are the only student ______can break the record of 203.33 marks.

WHOSE : It is used to show possession over a noun given after it.

Possessive
Antecedent
Noun
Whose
Person

 He is the boy ______ father is a doctor.

 The student ______ brother became sub inspector last year has got selected for the post of excise
inspector this year.
 The farmer ______ eldest son passed away last year has sent his youngest son to serve his mother
land.

EMPHATIC PRONOUN :

Emphatic pronoun are used to lay stress on the subject (myself, ourselves, yourselves, yourself, itself, himself,
herself, oneself) are used as emphatic pronouns.

1. He himself has to decide his future.

2. I myself did the work.
3. The central government and the state government themselves have decided to start some programs
for cleanliness.
4. The actor himself wrote these lines for the new movie.
5. She herself gave plenty of time for shopping new dresses from Amazon.
6. We ourselves are responsible for any mishappening.

REFLEXIVE PRONOUN :

Reflexive pronoun os pronoun gksrs gSa] tks Action dks okil subject dks ykSVk nsrk gS]

“Reflexive Pronoun is a pronoun which makes a subject receive an action”.

1. Myself, himself, yourself, yourselves, themselves, itself, oneself, herself, ourselves are used as reflexive
pronoun.

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CADETS DEFENCE ACADEMY
2. Reflexive pronoun used after verb, If a word is used as Adjective or noun we do not use Reflexive pronoun
after it.
There are some verbs that take reflexive pronoun after them.

Eg. Reconcile, absent, apply, revenge, adopt, enjoy, resign, adjust, pride, acquit (behave nice),
avail (to take advantage), amuse

1. Ram Singh poisoned his wife and himself.

2. God helps those who help himself/themselves

3. Time passed very quickly when we were enjoying themselves/ourselves

4. The manager absented himself from the meeting.

5. You should not absent yourself for such a long time.

6. Many people cannot adapt themselves to and adverse situation

7. I told him that I availed myself of the opportunity.‟

8. He could solve that problem if he applied oneself/himself.

9. The members of the committee are of the opinion that they should avail themselves of the opportunity.

NOTE : There are some verbs that do not take Reflexive pronoun after them because the action gets
received already .

Eg. Keep, hide, turn, stop, bathe, rest, qualify, move, open, sell, wash, dress, start, think, shave.

1. One must bathe oneself in the morning.

2. When the bear approached, the boy hid himself behind the tree.
3. All the doors opened themselves, when the wind started blowing/flowing.
4. Many of the students will qualify themselves for the SSB after 2nd February.
5. Nothing sells itself at such a cheap rate.

3. NOTE : Reflexive pronoun can never be uses as subject or object, instead we use subjective
or objective case respectively.

1. ____ has decided to embark upon a new venture this year.( He/ himself)

2. Ravi, Rajesh, Mohit, Manish and ____ were playing football in the evening.(She/ herself)

3. They invited Rohit, Suraj and _____ were playing.(Me/ myself)

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CADETS DEFENCE ACADEMY
4. _____ is at a good post but______ doesn‟t avail ____ of any chance to prosper.( himself, himself, himself/

he, he, himself)

INDEFINITE PRONOUN :
Some Somebody Someone Something
Any Body Anybody Anyone Anything
Every One Everybody Everyone Everything
No Thing Nobody No One Nothing

Indefinite pronouns (somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, someone, everyone, no one, anyone) denote
„person‟ these pronouns are singular in nature therefore singular verb is used after these pronouns.

NOTE: Possessive adjective (his) is used for these pronoun. These pronouns are common
gender pronouns.

1. Everyone should do something for their/its/his nation.

2. Nobody mentioned its/his/their name on the booklet.

3. Everyone can solve this puzzle, if they/you/he tries/try again and again.

4. If somebody comes, you will make them/him wait/outside.

NOTE : Indefinite Pronoun (Everything, something, nothing, anything) denote non-living.

Things these pronoun are singular in nature, therefore singular Verb is used after
them. Possessive adjective (its) is used
Eg. 1. Everything has/have their/his/ her/its own beauty.
2. Something is there, so they/ it must be searched

USE OF “ONE” AS INDEFINITE PRONOUN :

When one is used as indefinite pronoun its possessive adjective and reflexive pronoun are one‟s and oneself
respectively.

Eg. 1. One should do one‟s duty himself/oneself.

2. One should study the history of his/one‟s country because it satisfies one‟s natural curiosity

to know what happened in the past.

3. One of the girls has/have completed........... work.

1. One‟s 2. Their 3. Her 4. Oneself

Demonstrative Pronoun :

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Demonstrative pronouns are used to point towards a noun or nouns. This, that, these, those etc are called
demonstrative pronoun. If these words come before a noun they are called demonstrative adjective

This/that/these/those + noun

This/that/these/those/+ verb + A. I

 This and that are used as singular. These and those are used as plural.
 This and these are used to point out near objects.
 That & those are used to point towards distant objects.

NOTE : To avoid the repetition of singular noun that is used.

To avoid the repetition of plural noun those is/are used.

1. The climate of Shimla is cooler than __________ Delhi.

2. The streets of Haridwar are wider than___________ Dehradun.

3. The G.D.P of Canada is far better than ______ India.

POSSESSIVE PRONOUN :

Pronouns that are used to replace the nouns in possession. Mine, ours, yours, his, theirs, hers are called
possessive pronoun.

Possessive pronoun do not take noun with them. Possessive Adjective do take nouns with them.

Possessive pronoun = Possessive Adjective + Noun

USES OF POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE & POSS. PRONOUNS :

Part A : If two & more than two noun are joined by AND and each/ every is used before each noun,
singular pronoun, singular Adjective & singular Verb will follow.

Eg. 1. Every soilder and every sailor was/were in their/his/its place.

2. Each teacher and each student should give his/ their best to get the best result.

3. Each boy and girl enjoyed themselves/himself/herself in the party.

4. Each man & woman should serve their/ his/her nation.

PART B : If each comes after the subject the auxiliary verb or main verb will be used plural.

Eg. 1. Each of us has/ have advised him to give up boozing and fagging.

2. We each have/has advised him to give up boozing & fagging.

3. They each is/ are playing extremely well against New zealand.

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CADETS DEFENCE ACADEMY
4. Each of them has/ have his notebook.

5. Each of us is/ are doing his/ our work properly.

PART C : If two sing noun are joined by AND and if an artical is used before the first singular noun, it
denotes one person/things. Here sing pronoun and Adj. will come, but if an article or a possessive Adj.
is used before each noun, it denotes many persons or things, here plural pronoun and adjective will be
used.
Eg. 1. The secratery and treasure is/are negligent of their/his duty.

2. The secratery and the treasure did not do his/ their work properly.

3. The principal and teacher of history absented themselves/himself from the school.

PART D : If collective noun is used as sub and it denotes unanimity, it is considered singular, hence
singular pronoun and adjective will be used. (It, its, itself)

If collective noun is used as the subject and it denotes separate individuals or a division is shown among the
members it is considered plural and hence plural pronoun and plural adjective should be used. (They, them,
their, themselves).

Eg. 1. The Jury has/have given its/their verdict.

2. The team was/were divided in its/their opinion.

PERSONAL PRONOUNS :
Pronouns that stands for the three persons (first, second, third) are called personal pronouns. Personal
pronouns are of three kinds.
1. First person pronoun
2. Second person pronoun
3. Third person pronoun
 I & We are called first person pronoun 1st person pronoun is called “Speaker to”
 You is/are called second person pronoun 2nd person pronoun is called “listener to”
 He/She/it and they are called third person pronouns. To whom we talk about is called 3 rd person
pronoun.
NOTE : Noun comes under 3rd person category

USES OF PERSONAL PRONOUN :

PART 1 : Verb is preceded by the nominative form of pronoun and followed by the objective case.
(Subjective) Nominative + (verb) + Objective

Eg 1. The fisherman saved you, Rajeev and I/Me.

2. You,her/she and Me/I prepared the project that was appreciated by the director.

3. He invited Raju and I/Me to the party.

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CADETS DEFENCE ACADEMY
PART 2 : „Let‟ takes objective case of pronoun after it.
Eg. 1. Let we/us dance together.

2. Let you and I/Me go for a morning walk.

3. Let Vikas, Ravi, Raheem and She/her celebrate Christmas.

4. My father let my sister and I/Me go to school.

PART C : An objective case of pronoun comes after preposition, because preposition takes object
after it.
Eg. 1. Everyone attended the party but he/him

2. M.S. Dhoni has acheived loft height in life unlike you, he/him and me.

3. There is no problem between her sister and she/her.

4. Everyone but he/him and I/Me would get a job.

5. According to they/them Arvind Kejriwal is agent of ISI.

PART D : If there is a comparison between two subjects, subject case of pronoun is used after
as/than.
1. You are better than he/him.

2. He is as fast as I/Me.

3. I run faster than he/him.

4. You are more intelligent and more diligent than Ram and She/her.

5. You may be rest assured that Madhav knows more than Gopal and me/I.

6. I‟ll not be selected because they consider you more deserving than I/me.

NOTE : If there is a comp. between two objects, so the pronoun of the objective case is used
after as/than.

7. My mother loves my elder brother more than I/me.

PART E : If all the three persons (1st, 2nd , 3rd ) are given in a single sentence, the order of the 3 will
be, (2+3+1)

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CADETS DEFENCE ACADEMY
eg. 1. You, I and Amit have decided to embark upon a new venture.

1. Rajeev , You and I am/are going to meet in the evening.

2. I and she were there to receive you and him.

PART F : If all the 3 persons or 2 out persons come in a single sentence and something wrong is
talked about or some mistakes done by the person has been confessed, the order should be
(1+2+3)
Eg. 1. You, she and I have made a mistake.

2. You, Rajesh and I have killed him.

 If all the 3 persons are plural, the order of the 3 will be, (1 + 2 + 3)
1. You, we and they will do this work together.

2. They, you & we should help the poor.

PART G : Concept of „it‟ as Dummy subject/emphasising it.

Structure : It is /was + sub + Relative pro. + verb + object + A. I

Eg. 1. It was I/me who always stood by you.

2. It is her/she who has/have bought a new car.

3. It is I/me who is/am/are responsible for everything.

4. It was Ravi and me/I who came forward to help you.

5. It is you, he and I who is/am/are going to set up this company.

PART H : Uses of „It‟

1. „It‟ is used for non-living things, animals, infants and insects
(They) is the plural form of it.

Eg. 1. America is a developed country. It is a super power.

2. Sri lanka & Pakistan are developing countries, It/they is/ are facing internal disturbance.

3. I‟ve a horse it gives me yeomen‟s service.

4. The baby was crying, it was hungry.

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CADETS DEFENCE ACADEMY
5. An ant stung me. It was furious

2. It is used to denote time, weather, temperature, distance or any other natural event. It is used
only as an introductory subject. In this case it is called empty it or dummy subject because „It‟
has no meaning here.
E.g. 1. It is raining.

2. It is winter now.

3. It‟s february

4. It‟s 11 A.M.

5. It‟s friday today.

6. The ruling party stood for the implementation of the bill and was ready to stake their/its

political existence.

7. The only option for the PNB is to modernise their/its operations at all their/it branches.

8. The ongoing merger between the 2 companies will have an adverse effect on its / their customers.

9. SEBI has recently issued notices to some insurance companies seeking its/ their explanation.

10. To improve their efficiency, all income tax officers will be provided with laptops next year.

11. The banks which do not meet its/ their targets are required to pay high penalities.

12. The college is holding special lectures for its /their students & teachers, so it/they may get

enlightened about the economic problems.

13. Our ancestors never saw a matchbox, but we use them/it daily.

14. Indian began / their nuclear energy (a)/ programme during (b)/ the late fifties (c)/ No error (d)

DISTRIBUTIVE PRONOUN :
When a pronoun denotes each one, it is called distributive pronoun.
When the sentences starts with each of/ either of/ neither of , plural noun/pronoun is used but singular adj.
sing. Verb and sing. Pronoun are use in the letter part of the sentence.

1. Each of the boy/boys/have his/ their own book.

2. None of them knew how to do the fitting themselves/himself.

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3. Neither of them was/were ready to take his/their responsibility.

4. All the teachers work hard either/each of them should be respected by the students. Never jangle with

them.

5. rhuksa Nk=ksa esa ls izR;sd Nk= bZekunkj gS]

each/every/each and every/either of the three students is/are honest. They do not detest each other/one

another.

6. Both the girls are naughty but none/neither of them is/ are rash.

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