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3D Geometry Formulas and Concepts

This document introduces key concepts of three-dimensional geometry, including the distance formula, section formula, mid-point formula, and centroid of a triangle. It explains the coordinate system in three dimensions, detailing the axes, planes, octants, and the representation of points. Additionally, it discusses how to determine the coordinates of points and their distances from the origin.

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rishijithranjith1
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169 views2 pages

3D Geometry Formulas and Concepts

This document introduces key concepts of three-dimensional geometry, including the distance formula, section formula, mid-point formula, and centroid of a triangle. It explains the coordinate system in three dimensions, detailing the axes, planes, octants, and the representation of points. Additionally, it discusses how to determine the coordinates of points and their distances from the origin.

Uploaded by

rishijithranjith1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CHAPTER INTRODUCTION TO THREE

11 DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY

i
rth
GENERAL KEY CONCEPTS

1. Distance Formula : Distance between two points A(x1, y1, z1) and B(x2, y2, z2),

AB  (x 2  x1 ) 2  (y 2  y1 ) 2  (z 2  z1 ) 2
2. Section Formula :
(i) If a point R divides the line segment joining the points A(x1, y1, z1) and B(x2, y2, z2) in the ratio
ya
m : n internally, then
mx 2 nx1 my2 ny1 mz 2 nz1
R , ,
m n m n m n
(ii) If a point R divides the line segment joining the points A(x1, y1, z1) and B(x2, y2, z2) in the ratio
m : n externally, then
mx 2 nx1 my2 ny1 mz 2 nz1
R , ,
m n m n m n
3. Mid-point Formula : If R be the mid point of the line segment joining the points A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2).
id
x1 x 2 y1 y2 z 1 z2
R , ,
2 2 2
4. Centroid of the triangle whose vertices are (x1, y1, z1), (x2, y2, z2) and (x3, y3, z3) is

 x1  x 2  x 3 y1  y 2  y 3 z1  z 2  z3 
 , , 
 3 3 3 
eV

CONNECTING CONCEPTS

1. To locate the position of a point in three dimensional space, we consider a rectangular coordinate
system of three mutually perpendicular lines as the coordinate axes. These axes are called x, y and z-axes.
2. The three planes determined by the pair of axes are the coordinate planes called XY, YZ and ZX-planes.
The three coordinate planes divide the space into eight parts known as octants.
The coordinates of a point P in three dimensional geometry is always written in the form of triplet like (x,
y, z). Here x, y and z are the distances of the point P from the YZ, ZX and XY-plane.
The co-ordinate of a point in three dimensional space are also the distances from the origin of the feet
of the perpendicular drawn from the point on the respective co-ordinate axes.

[Link]
3. The sign of the coordinates of a point is determined by the octant in which the point lies.

Octant
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
Coordinates

i
x + – – + + – – +
y + + – – + + – –

rth
z + + + + – – – –

4. (i) Any point on x-axis is of the form (x, 0, 0)


(ii) Any point on y-axis is of the form (0, y, 0)
(iii) Any point on z-axis is of the form (0, 0, y)

5. The distance of the point (x, y, z) from the origin is given by x 2  y2  z 2


ya
id
eV

[Link]

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