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Chemistry Homework: States of Matter & Solutions

The document contains a series of chemistry homework questions covering various topics such as states of matter, solutions, atomic structure, and chemical properties. It includes multiple-choice questions, descriptive questions, and problem-solving tasks related to the characteristics of solids, liquids, gases, and the behavior of different chemical compounds. The questions are organized into units, each addressing specific concepts in chemistry.

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122 views9 pages

Chemistry Homework: States of Matter & Solutions

The document contains a series of chemistry homework questions covering various topics such as states of matter, solutions, atomic structure, and chemical properties. It includes multiple-choice questions, descriptive questions, and problem-solving tasks related to the characteristics of solids, liquids, gases, and the behavior of different chemical compounds. The questions are organized into units, each addressing specific concepts in chemistry.

Uploaded by

marzuq rishan.n SMPS
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CHEMISTRY HOMEWORK

Please write the answers to the following questions in your chemistry


notebook.

UNIT 1
1. Assertion (A): Camphor disappears without leaving any residue.
Reason (R): Camphor undergoes sublimation.
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of
A.
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false but R is true.
2. Give two reasons to justify—
(a) water at room temperature is a liquid.
(b) an iron almirah is a solid at room temperature.
3. Why do we feel comfortable under a fan when we are perspiring?
4. Why do the gases exert more pressure on the walls of the
container than solids ?
5. Which of the following diffuses faster ? Water vapour, wax or, ethyl
alcohol.
6. What is the physical state of water at:
(a) 250°C
(b) 100°C
7. Convert the following temperatures to the Celsius scale.
(a) 293 K
(b) 470 K
8. Explain the interconversion of three states of matter with the help
of a flow chart. Name the process of each interconversion.
9. There are three states of matter – solid, liquid and gas.
Solids have a definite shape, distinct boundaries and fixed
volumes, that is, have negligible
compressibility. Solids have a tendency to maintain their shape
when subjected to outside force. Solids may break under force but
it is difficult to change their shape, so they are rigid.
Liquids have no fixed shape but have a fixed volume. They take up
the shape of the container in which they are kept. Liquids flow and
change shape, so they are not rigid but can be called fluid.
Gas has an indefinite shape, no fixed volume. Gas gets the shape
and volume of the container. Gas has very low density hence is
light. Gas can flow easily and hence is called fluid.
A. Which of the following states of matter takes the shape of the
container in which it is filled?
a.) Solid
b.) Liquid
c.) Gas
d.) Both b and c
B. Distance between particles of matter least in
a.) Solid
b.) Liquid
c.) Gas
d.) None of these
C. Compressibility is least in case of
a.) Solid
b.) Liquid
c.) Gas
d.) None of these
10. What are the characteristics of particles of matter?
11. Solids have higher density than liquid so why does ice float on
water?
UNIT 2
1. Which of the following solutions has the highest mass by mass
percentage?
(A) 20 g of sodium carbonate in 90 g of water
(B) 15 g of sugar in 160 g of water
(C) 10 g of sodium chloride in 200 g of water
(D) 60 g of potassium permanganate in 200 g of water
2. Distinguish between compounds and mixtures.
3. A solution of a solid in a liquid such as water can be prepared by
adding it slowly to water with constant stirring at a certain
temperature (room temperature). If the addition process is
continued, a stage is ultimately reached in the dissolution process
when no more of the solid dissolves. Rather it starts settling at the
bottom of the container such as a glass beaker. The solution at this
stage is said to be saturated. The solubility of a solute is always
expressed with respect to the saturated solution. It may be defined
as the maximum amount of the solute that can be dissolved in
100g of the solvent to form a saturated solution at a given
temperature. Please remember that the role of temperature is very
important. If temperature is increased, the solution becomes
unsaturated. In case the temperature is decreased, the solution
becomes supersaturated. As a result, the crust of the solute gets
deposited on the surface.
(a)What do mean by the term Solubility?
(b)20 g of a solute are dissolved in 500 g of the solvent. What is
the solubility of the solute?
(c) When a saturated solution becomes unsaturated?
(d)What do you mean by concentration of solution?
4. Which of the following are homogeneous in nature
i. ice
ii. wood
iii. soil
iv. air
5. Homogeneous mixtures are regarded as solutions or true
solutions. Heterogeneous mixtures are of two types. These are
suspensions and colloidal solutions. These differ in the size of the
particles responsible for the difference in their properties. In a
suspension, the particle size is more than 10-5 cm whereas in a
colloidal solution, it ranges between 10-5 cm to 10-7 cm. The two
phases which constitute colloidal solutions, are dispersed phase
and dispersion medium. Based upon their nature, the colloidal
solutions are classified into eight types. The mixture of the
non-reacting gases is always homogeneous irrespective of their
nature. Therefore, it is not a colloidal solution.
(a)Scattering of light occurs when a beam of light is passed
through Blood. Why?
(b)What is the Tyndall effect?
(c) What is called a colloidal solution?
(d)Give an example of a colloidal solution and identify their
dispersed phase and dispersion medium.
6. Classify each of the following as a physical or a chemical change.
Give reasons.
i. Drying of a shirt in the sun.
ii. Rising of hot air over a radiator.
iii. Burning of kerosene in a lantern.
iv. Change in the colour of black tea on adding lemon juice to it.
v. Churning of milk cream to get butter.
7. Iron filings and Sulphur were mixed to gather and divided into two
parts ‘A’ and ‘B’. Part ‘A’ was heated strongly while Part ‘B’ was not
heated. Dilute hydrochloric acid was added to both the parts and
evolution of gas was seen in the cases. How will you identify the
gases evolved?
8. Differentiate between a true solution and a colloid.
9. Non-metals are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity.
They are non-lustrous, non-sonorous, non-malleable and are
coloured.
(a)Name a lustrous non-metal.
(b)Name a non-metal which exists as a liquid at room
temperature.
10. Classify the following into metals, non-metals and metalloids:
(i) Germanium (ii) Boron (iii) Diamond (iv) Iodine (v) Copper
11. Which statement is incorrect about Tyndall effect:
(a)size of the particles causes Tyndall effect
(b)if particles are very tiny, there is no Tyndall effect
(c) True solution show Tyndall effect
(d)All of the above
12. A mixture contains four solid compounds A, B, C, D. On heating
C changes to vapour state. C can be separated from rest of the
solids by
(a) crystallisation (b) sublimation (c) distillation (d) filtration
13. Select the incorrect statements(s).
(a)Although ice, water and water vapour all look different and
display different physical properties, they are chemically the
same.
(b) During the burning of a candle, both physical and chemical
changes take place.
(c) Both water and cooking oil are liquid but their chemical
characteristics are different. They differ in odour and
inflammability.
(d)It is the physical property of oil that makes it different from
water.

UNIT 3
1. Match the following with the correct response:
(1) Nitrate (A) P3−
(2) Phosphide (B) PO43−
(3) Nitrite (C) NO2−
(4) Phosphate (D) NO3-

2. Argentum is the Latin name of:


(a)Tungsten
(b)Silver
(c) Sodium
(d)Antimony
3. Match the following with the correct response:
(1) Ozone (A) Monoatomic
(2) Helium (B) Tetraatomic
(3) Oxygen (C) Diatomic
(4) Phosphorous (D) Triatomic

4. Write the chemical formula of the following:


(a) Magnesium chloride (b) Calcium oxide
(c) Aluminium chloride (d) Calcium carbonate
5. Give one example of polyatomic cation and a polyatomic anion.
6. Write the Cations and Anions present in the following compound
a. CH3COONa
b. NaCl
c. H2
d. NH4NO3
7. Which of the following statements is not true about an atom ?
(a) Atoms are not able to exist independently.
(b)Atoms are the basic unit from which molecules and ions are
formed.
(c) Atoms are always neutral in nature
(d)Atoms aggregate in large numbers to form the matter that we
can see, feel or touch.
8. In which of the following the valency of each of the constituent
elements is equal to the total number of atoms is one molecule of
the compound?
(a) HCl (b) H2S (c) CaO (d) MgCl2
9. Calculate the formula unit masses of ZnO, Na2O, K2CO3, given
atomic masses of Zn = 65u,Na = 23u, K=39u, C = 12u, and O=16u
10. Write down the formulae of:
(i) sodium oxide (ii) sodium sulphide (iii) aluminium chloride (iv)
magnesium hydroxide

UNIT 4
1. Assertion (A): In Rutherford’s gold foil experiment, very few
particles are deflected back.
Reason (R): Nucleus present inside the atom is heavy.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of
A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
2. Salima and Sheenu have a few doubts over the Helium atoms.
Salima says, Helium atom has 2 electrons in its valence shell but
its valency is not 2. According to Sheenu, Helium has 2 electrons
and also its valency is 2. You are required to work as an arbitrator
to solve the doubts of Salima and Sheenu. Similarly, they both
have doubts regarding the valency and valence electrons of
elements and are not able to recognize the difference between
valence electrons and the valency. They have the following doubts.
(A) What is the valency of He?
(B) How many valence electrons does each noble gas have?
(C) Why is the valency of inert gases zero?
(D) Why are noble gases unreactive in nature?
3. In the atom of an element X, 6 electrons are present in the
outermost shell. If it acquires a noble gas configuration by
accepting a requisite number of electrons, then what would be the
charge on the ion so formed?
4. Helium atom has an atomic mass of 4 u and two protons in its
nucleus. How many neutrons does it have?
5. Differentiate between isotopes and isobars.
6. Assertion (A): Bohr’s orbits are called stationary orbits.
Reason (R): Electrons remain stationary in these orbits for some
time.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of
A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
7. On the basis of the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in
the samples given below identify
i. the cation.
ii. the pair of isobars, and
iii. the pair of isotopes.
Sample Protons Neutrons Electrons
A 17 18 16
B 18 19 18
C 17 20 17
D 17 17 17

8. Calculate the number of neutrons present in the nucleus of an


element 'X' which is represented as 1531X.
9. Composition of the nuclei of two atomic species X and Y are given
as under:
X Y
Protons 6 6
Neutrons 6 8

Give the mass numbers of X and Y. What is the relation between


the two species?
10. An atom with 3 proton and 4 neutron will have a valency of:
(a)3
(b)7
(c) 1
(d)4
11. Isotopes of an element have
(a)the same physical properties
(b) different chemical properties
(c) different number of neutrons
(d)different atomic numbers
12. One Electron is present in the outermost shell of the atom of an
element X, what would be the nature of the value of charge on the
ion formed if this electron is removed from the outermost shell.
13. Which of the following correctly represent the electronic
distribution in the Mg atom?
(A)3,8,1 (B)2,8,2 (C)1,8,3 (D)8,2,2
14. Which of the following are true for an element ?
(a)Atomic number = Number of protons + Number of electrons.
(b)Mass number = Number of protons + Number of neutrons.
(c) Atomic number = Number of protons = Number of neutrons.
(d)Atomic number = Number of protons = Number of electrons.
15. The maximum number of the electrons which are permitted to
be assigned to an energy shell of an atom is called the electron
capacity of that shell. The distribution of electrons in different orbits
or shell is governed by a scheme known as Bohr-Bury scheme.
(i) What is the maximum electrons capacity of N shell?
(a) 24 (b) 8 (c) 18 (d) 32
(ii) Identify the element with the configuration K-2, L-8, M-3.
(a) Aluminium (b) Magnesium (c) Sodium (d) Beryllium
(iii) Which of the following configurations represent sodium?
(a) 2, 8, 4
(b) 2, 8, 5
(c) 2, 3
(d) 2, 8, 1
16. The formula of a molecule is X2. One molecule of X2 contains 18
protons. If the nucleon number of X is 19, how many neutrons are
there in one atom of X ?
17. An ion X2- contains 10 electrons and 8 neutrons. Find out its
mass no., atomic number and name the element.

Common questions

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Camphor's ability to disappear without leaving any residue is due to sublimation, where it transitions directly from a solid to vapor without passing through a liquid state. This property distinguishes it from substances that leave residue which typically involve a melting phase that leads to a liquid before evaporation .

Compounds are substances formed from two or more elements chemically bonded in fixed proportions, with distinct properties different from the constituent elements. Mixtures are physical combinations of substances without fixed proportions, retaining properties of their individual components and can be separated by physical means .

Temperature changes significantly impact solubility; increasing temperature generally allows more solute to dissolve, transforming a saturated solution into an unsaturated one. Conversely, reducing temperature can lead to a supersaturated solution as excess solute precipitates. Saturated solutions contain the maximum solute at a given temperature, while unsaturated solutions have less than the maximum. Supersaturated solutions contain more solute than typically possible, which precipitates out upon cooling .

Isotopes are variants of a chemical element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, resulting in varying mass numbers. Isobars are atoms of different elements with different numbers of protons but the same mass number. Isotopes have similar chemical properties but different physical properties, whereas isobars often have different chemical properties .

The formula unit mass of ZnO is calculated as 65u + 16u = 81u. For Na2O, it is 2(23u) + 16u = 62u. For K2CO3, the mass is calculated as 2(39u) + 12u + 3(16u) = 138u. These calculations are crucial for stoichiometry, which involves the quantitative analysis of reactants and products in chemical reactions, thereby enabling precise chemical formulation and reaction predictions .

Ice floats on water because its structure forms a lattice that is less dense than liquid water. Although solids generally have higher densities, the hydrogen bonding in ice creates spaces, making it less dense than water's liquid form, thus enabling it to float .

Noble gases have a complete valence shell, typified by the maximum number of valence electrons. This full shell constitutes a stable electron configuration, making them largely unreactive as they have little tendency to gain or lose electrons, resulting in a valency of zero .

In a true solution, particles are completely dissolved at the molecular level, making it homogeneous and transparent, with particles not visible to the naked eye. In a colloid, particles are dispersed and suspended throughout the medium, typically larger than molecules but small enough to remain evenly distributed, often exhibiting the Tyndall effect .

Rutherford's gold foil experiment demonstrated the existence of a small, dense, positively charged nucleus within the atom, as evidenced by the deflection of a few alpha particles back towards the source. This deflection contradicted the prevailing plum pudding model and led to the nuclear model of the atom, marking a significant paradigm shift in atomic theory .

Gases exert more pressure on container walls due to their highly mobile particles, which collide more frequently and with greater force against the walls. This is contrasted with solids, where particles are closely packed and largely restricted to vibrational motion, resulting in minimal direct force against container walls .

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