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ENGLISH
Quarter 4 – Module 2:
Technical and Operational
Definitions
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Kagawaran ng Edukasyon – Rehiyong MIMAROPA
What I Need to Know
After going through this module, you are expected to:
o give the technical and operational definitions;
o tell what are technical and operational definitions;
o define concepts using technical and operational definitions;
o identify technical and operational definitions; and
o form technical and operational definitions.
What I Know
Read and understand the following questions, then, on your answer
sheet, write the letter of your answer. Once you are done answering,
refer to the answer key and check your answers.
1. Which of the following best defines research?
a. It is an investigation of a certain unusual phenomenon.
b. It is a collection of data from printed resources to prove a body
of knowledge.
c. It involves planning, collecting, and rereading of available
resources.
d. It is a systematic gathering of data, investigation, and study of
materials and sources to establish facts and reach new
conclusions.
2. How can we say that research is systematic?
a. It starts from simple to complex.
b. It develops over a period of time.
c. It is organized into different chapters.
d. It follows a procedure or process from identifying the problem to
assessing the results of the investigation.
3. The following statements are true EXCEPT ONE. Which is the
EXCEPTION?
a. Research applies the scientific method.
a. A researcher can use any available sources of information even
if it is not credible.
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b. The researcher should first know the problem well before
gathering background information about it.
c. The researcher must read a variety of resources to gather
enough and relevant information about the topic.
4. ‘The researcher should rephrase information and cite the author or
sources of it to avoid plagiarism in a research paper.’ The
statement is .
a. Always true
b. Always false
c. Not proven to be true or false
d. Sometimes true and sometimes false
5. Which of the following presents the background information, scope,
and focus of the research paper?
a. Abstract
b. Introduction
c. Methodology
d. Conclusion
6. Which of the following provides a review of what others have
written or researched concerning the topic?
a. Abstract
b. Introduction
c. Conclusion
d. Review of related literature
7. Which of the following is true about methodology?
a. It explains how the research was conducted.
b. It evaluates the results of the study or research.
c. It presents the information gathered through the research.
d. It presents background information, scope, and focus of the
research paper.
8. How do graphs and tables help to present information in a
research paper?
a. It minimizes grammatical errors.
b. It helps to validate data presentation.
c. It presents accurate data more simply and clearly without using
many words.
d. It needs less space as compared to the use of sentences and
paragraphs.
9. What do you call the person who responds to a survey
questionnaire and provides information for analysis
a. Interviewee c. Population
b. Respondent d. sample
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10. Which of the following refers to the brief summary of a research
project and its findings?
a. Abstract c. Methodology
b. Introduction d. Conclusion
Let’s check your answers. What is your score?
Lesson Giving Technical
1 and Operational Definitions
You have come across some unfamiliar words in your previous lessons.
What did you do to understand them? Maybe you look for its definition in the
dictionary or you use context clues. Definitions are common in academic
writing to make ideas or concepts clear.
Read on the activities below and answer the questions that follow.
What’s In
Read this short essay about the computer. Then, answer the
questions that follow on your answer sheet.
Your Friend, The Computer
A computer is an electronic system designed to manipulate data and
provide you with useful information. It is concerned with solving the problem
in its entirety.
There are several terms to remember about a computer if you want
to get to know it better for it to become your friend.
The most basic of these terms are hardware, software, developers,
and end-users.
Hardware is the equipment that makes up a computer system.
The programs, routines, and symbolic languages essential to the
operation and maintenance of a computer are called software.
The professionals are the people who work together in helping the
end-user find solutions through the computer. They are the systems analysts,
programmers, and computer operators.
The end-user is the person who asks for and uses the information
generated by the computer.
Comprehension Questions:
1. What are the terms defined?
2. What is the definition of each term?
What’s New
A technical definition is a definition in technical communication
describing how something was designed to work by its inventors, its
engineers, or its computer programmers. Technical definitions are used to
introduce the vocabulary which makes communication in a particular field
succinct (brief) and unambiguous (clear).
Commonly used definition patterns:
▪ Term = Classification + Definition
▪ Classification + Definition = Term
Example:
An automobile is a motorized vehicle consisting of four wheels
and powered by an internal-combustion engine.
or
A motorized vehicle consisting of four wheels and powered by an
internal-combustion engine is an automobile.
An operational definition is a definition of a variable in terms of the
operations or techniques used to measure or manipulate it. It is also a
description of how something works in the real world, by real users who are
paying customers.
Example:
An automobile is a car or truck that carries passengers or cargoes
from place to place.
or
A car or truck that carries passengers or cargoes from place to
place is an automobile.
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What Is It
Activity 1: Complete the grid or table below with the parts of each
definition given in the essay, Your Friend, The Computer. Once you
are done answering, refer to the answer key and check your answers.
Term Class Definition
designed to manipulate data and
1. A computer
provide information.
2. is the equipment
3. Software
4. who work together in helping the
end-users find a solution.
5. is the person
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What’s More
Activity 1: The Match Maker
Directions: Match the terms and classes in column A with their
definitions or distinguishing characteristics in column B. Write your
answers on your answer sheet. Once you are done answering, refer to
the answer key and check your answers.
A B.
1. Transpiration is the process a. sung without musical
accompaniment
2. A novelist is a person
b. by which water evaporates from
3. A sonnet is a lyric poem the leaves
c. to do work
4. An a cappella is choral music
d. by which plants manufacture
5. A concert is a composition food.
e. concerned with the organization
6. Photosynthesis is a process
and management.
7. Energy is the capacity f. that has 14 lines iambic
pentameter lines.
8. Bureaucracy is a group of
g. composed of carbon, hydrogen,
people and oxygen.
h. who writes novels.
9. A carbohydrate is a
i. who introduces the opera or the
compound concert.
j. of the physical forces and
10. Biophysics is the study
phenomena involved in living
processes.
k. for a solo instrument with
orchestra
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Activity 2: Technical or Operational?
Directions: Write T if the definition is technical and O if operational.
Write your answers on your answer sheet. Once you are done
answering, refer to the answer key and check your answers.
1. Height is defined as the number of feet and inches a person is tall.
2. The iliac crest is the area at the front and outside of the hip bones of
your pelvic girdle.
3. The RT-PCR test is a test that uses actual swabs from patients taken
from the nose and throat to determine the actual presence of the
coronavirus.
4. A mechanical ventilator is an automatic machine designed to provide
all or part of the work the body must do to move gas into and out of
the lungs.
5. A steering wheel is a component of guidance systems found in
occupant controlled vehicles.
6. A steering wheel is a circular device which when turned, turns the
wheel of a car.
7. A stall is a flight condition in which the lift produced becomes less
than the weight of the airplane, and the airplane stops flying.
8. A mini-computer is a small digital computer which has a stored
program.
9. A thermometer is an instrument used to measure temperature.
10. Tracheal intubation is the placement of a flexible plastic tube into the
trachea (windpipe) to maintain an open airway or to serve as a conduit
through which to administer certain drugs.
What I Have Learned
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What I Can Do
Activity 1: Combine to Define
Directions: Combine the two sentences to form a definition by using
which, who, or that to connect the concept or variable. Write your
answers on your answer sheet. Once you are done answering, refer to
the answer key and check your answers.
Example:
a. Botany is a science.
b. Botany deals with the study of plants.
Combined sentence: Botany is a science that deals with the study of
plants.
1. a. Keypunch is a data preparation device.
b. A keypunch codes data on cards to be read later by a card reader.
2. a. A calculator is a unit recording equipment.
b. A calculator performs arithmetic functions through a wired control
panel.
3. a. A philatelist is a person.
b. A philatelist collects stamp.
4. a. Metamorphosis is a physical transformation.
b. Metamorphosis is undergone by various animals during
development after the embryonic stage.
5. a. A spectrum is a band of colors.
b. A spectrum can be formed by dispersing the light in a beam of
mixed colors.
Activity 2: Jumbled Words
Directions: Arrange the jumbled words to form a definition sentence.
Observe capitalization and the use of appropriate
punctuation marks. Write your answers on your
answer sheet. Once you are done answering,
refer to the answer key and check your answers.
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1. that studies language 2. a friend
linguistics is whom we like
is a science and who likes us someone
3. digestion 4. is a set of programs, routines,
and symbolic languages
of breaking down food for use
that is essential to the operation
of the body and maintenance of a computer
is the process software
5. where hydrogen combines
with carbon and oxygen
6. that needs to be cultivated
is the phase of photosynthesis
is a special relationship
carbon dioxide fixation
friendship
7. photosynthesis 8. a mini-computer
in which carbon, hydrogen, and which has a stored program
oxygen combine to form
carbohydrates is a small digital computer
is a series of events
9. is the layer of air 10. is a narrative poem
that surrounds the earth a ballad
the atmosphere intended to be sung
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What I Can Do On My Own
To assess your learning and mastery of the target competency – giving
technical and operational definitions, do the following activities.
Activity 1
Directions: Write the technical definitions of the concept or variable given in
various disciplines. Use the words/phrases from the box.
● a strand or fiber used to sew parts of the living body
● a photographic print in white on a bright blue ground used especially
in copying maps, mechanical drawings, and architects’ plan
● a person who brings a legal action
● a drawing intended as satire, caricature, or humor
● a room as in theater or studio where performers can relax before or
after appearances
1. Greenroom (film industry)
2. Blueprint (engineering)
3. Suture (medicine)
4. Cartoon (journalism)
5. Plaintiff (law)
Activity 2:
Directions: Write an operational definition of the following concepts. You
may use the internet or books in defining the terms.
1. A cellular phone
2. A bicycle
3. A laptop
4. A family
5. A gumamela
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Activity 3:
Directions: Complete the definition sentences by supplying the missing concept or
variable. Write the letter of the correct answer in your notebook.
1. A is a person who teaches, usually as a job at a school
or similar institution.
A. ballerina C. mother
B. teacher D. driver
2. is a mild to severe respiratory illness that is caused by a
coronavirus.
A. Bird flu C. SARS
B. Bubonic Plague D. Covid-19
3. A is defined as a member of some distinct ethnic groups
inhabiting upland Mindoro, an island in the Philippines.
A. Mangyan C. Igorot
B. Ati D. Tausug
4. A is a doctor who has special training in medical care for
children.
A. Neurologist C. Pediatrician
B. Veterinarian D. Surgeon
5. A large, juicy fruit that grows in hotter regions, having a rough
skin, a short stem, and pointed leaves on the top, and has a sweet,
yellow flesh is a .
A. banana C. watermelon
B. pineapple D. guyabano
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What I Can Do More
Directions: Rearrange the words to form a definition. Use either of the two
patterns.
Example:
psychology – science – human behavior
Psychology is a science that deals with human behavior.
A science that deals with human behavior is psychology.
1. matter – anything – occupies space and has weight
2. phonetics – the study – speech sounds
3. vertebrates – mammals – have backbones
4. television technician – person – repairs television sets
5. pathologist – doctor – specializes in diseases
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