INTRODUCTION

Wipro is an Indian multinational corporation that provides information technology, consulting, and
business process services. It was founded in 1945 in Amalner, India by Mohamed Premji as a vegetable oil
company, originally named Western India Vegetable Products Limited. In 1966, after Mohamed Premji's
death, his son Azim Premji took over the company at the age of 21 and transformed it into an IT and
computing business. During the 1970s and 1980s, Wipro shifted its focus to the growing opportunities in
the IT and computing sector in India.

Over the years, Wipro has expanded its services to include cloud computing, cybersecurity, digital
transformation, artificial intelligence, robotics, IT consulting, custom application design and development,
business process outsourcing, and more. It is now one of the largest IT services companies in India,
serving clients in 167 countries worldwide.

Wipro is headquartered in Bangalore, Karnataka and is publicly traded on the Bombay Stock Exchange
and the National Stock Exchange of India. Its American Depositary Shares are also listed on the New York
Stock Exchange. As of 2023, the company has over 180,000 employees globally and is led by CEO
Thierry Delaporte.
Vision Statement
Contribute for global e-society, where a wide range of information is being exchanged beyond
time and space over global networks, which breaks down the boundaries among countries,
regions and cultures, allowing individuals to take part in various social activities in an impartial,
secure way. Continuous effort to enhance people's lifestyle and quality by means of developing
new technology in wireless communication.

Mission Statement
The Spirit of Wipro is the core of Wipro. These are their Values. It is about who they are. It is
their character. It is reflected consistently in all their behavior. The Spirit is deeply rooted in the
unchanging essence of Wipro. But it also embraces what we must aspire to be. It is the indivisible
synthesis of the four values. The Spirit is a beacon. It is what gives us direction and a clear sense
of purpose. It energizes us and is the touchstone for all that we do.
Objectives of Wipro

Wipro's key objectives and priorities can be summarized as follows:

Driving Digital Transformation: Wipro aims to help its clients adapt to the digital world and transform their
businesses through the use of emerging technologies like cloud computing, cybersecurity, artificial intelligence,
and data analytics.

Fostering Innovation: Wipro has over 55 dedicated "Centers of Excellence" to harness the latest technologies
and deliver innovative solutions to its clients.

Ensuring Sustainability: Wipro is committed to optimizing the utilization of natural resources, capital, and
talent. It is a founding member of the Transform to Net Zero coalition, working towards a net-zero emissions
global economy.

Promoting Diversity and Inclusion: Wipro is dedicated to maintaining a workplace where each employee's
privacy, personal dignity, and equal opportunities are respected, regardless of factors like age, race, gender, or
sexual orientation.

Delivering Exceptional Client Service: Wipro's goal is to make its clients successful by leveraging its
industry expertise, technology capabilities, and vertically aligned business model.

Fostering a Great Work Culture: Wipro aims to provide its employees with a bouquet of benefits,
opportunities for growth, and a healthy work-life balance to create an "exhilarating workplace". In summary,
Wipro's key objectives revolve around digital transformation, innovation, sustainability, diversity, client
success, and employee well-being.
 Competitors: -
Wipro's competitors are quite a few well-known companies that offer similar products and
services. In order to sustain in the market, Wipro must endlessly work towards developing new
products or services or upgradation of existing products or services. The company must keep a
tab on the market requirements and customer satisfaction in order to retain their customers and
attract new customers. Few competitors of Wipro are: -

• Cape Gemini

• Accenture

• Deloitte

• PWC

• Birla soft

• Tata consultancy services

• KPMG

• Coastal cloud

• IBM Consulting

• LEVERX GROUP (SAP Consulting)

EXTRACT OF THE DATA SET: SALES DATA

Data Set 2: Financials of Wipro

P & L ACCOUNT OF WIPRO ENTREPRISES Ltd

Finance >>Profit & Loss (Standalone)>>Wipro Enterprises Pvt Ltd(Curr. in Crores )

Year 202203 202103 202003 201903 201803 201703

INCOME :
Sales Turnover 5,788.40 5,084.90 4,777.50 5,249.80 4,688.30 4,052.50
Excise Duty 0 0 0 0 36 0
Net Sales 5,788.40 5,084.90 4,777.50 5,249.80 4,652.30 4,052.50
Other Income 590 689.5 490 374.8 324.1 268.4
Stock Adjustments 176.2 -31.3 28.8 98.1 18.3 10.5

Total Income 6,554.60 5,743.10 5,296.30 5,722.70 4,994.70 4,331.40

EXPENDITURE :
Raw Materials 3,587.60 2,778.20 2,559.50 2,934.70 2,532.30 2,150.10
Power & Fuel Cost 92.4 72.6 95.6 77.6 69.7 64.6
Employee Cost 474.7 435.8 397 385.7 364.4 304.6
Other Manufacturing Expenses 506.6 439.7 62.4 84.2 81.8 81.7
Selling and Administration
Expenses 484.9 508.9 940.2 983.3 864.7 632
Miscellaneous Expenses 139.1 125.9 101.9 161.9 130.3 343.3
Less: Pre-operative Expenses
Capitalised 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total Expenditure 5,285.30 4,361.10 4,156.60 4,627.40 4,043.20 3,576.30

Operating Profit 1,269.30 1,382.00 1,139.70 1,095.30 951.50 755.10
Interest 112.9 78.4 11.3 4.4 3 2.9
Gross Profit 1,156.40 1,303.60 1,128.40 1,090.90 948.5 752.2
Depreciation 99 94 95.6 90.4 98.7 83
Profit Before Tax 1,057.40 1,209.60 1,032.80 1,000.50 849.8 669.2
Tax 241.1 212.5 217.9 283.8 140.7 133.5
Fringe Benefit tax 0 0 0 0 0 0
Deferred Tax -1.4 23.7 -2.6 2.4 -9.7 7.1

Reported Net Profit 817.7 973.4 817.5 714.3 718.8 528.6

Extraordinary Items 229.65 224.78 165.49 121.32 128.31 25.75
Adjusted Net Profit 588.05 748.62 652.01 592.98 590.49 502.85
Adjst. below Net Profit 0 0 0 0 0 0
P & L Balance brought forward 6,953.40 6,037.40 5,220.00 4,505.70 3,786.90 3,258.30
Statutory Appropriations 0 0 0 0 0 0
Appropriations 56.6 57.4 0 0 0 0
P & L Balance carried down 7,714.50 6,953.40 6,037.50 5,220.00 4,505.70 3,786.90
Dividend 0 0 0 0 0 0
Preference Dividend 0 0 0 0 0 0
Equity Dividend % 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dividend Per Share(Rs) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Earnings Per Share-Unit 16.91 20.12 16.9 14.77 14.86 10.93
BALANCE SHEET OF WIPRO ENTERPRISES LTD.(CONDITIONAL FORMATTING)

Finance >>Balance Sheet (Standalone)>>Wipro Enterprises Pvt Ltd(Curr. in Crores )

Year 202203 202103 202003 201903 201803
SOURCES OF FUNDS :
Share Capital 483.7 483.7 483.7 483.7 483.7
Reserves Total 9,604.60 8,835.10 7,815.20 6,964.10 6,262.60
Equity Share Warrants 0 0 0 0 0
Equity Application Money 0 0 0 0 0
Total Share holders Funds 10,088.30 9,318.80 8,298.90 7,447.80 6,746.30
Secured Loans 0 0 0 0 0
Unsecured Loans 2,182.90 1,960.50 274.7 289.6 70.6
Total Debt 2,182.90 1,960.50 274.7 289.6 70.6
Other Liabilities 127.3 118.9 34.1 52.2 49.7

Total Liabilities 12,398.50 11,398.20 8,607.70 7,789.60 6,866.60

APPLICATION OF FUNDS :
Gross Block 2,050.70 1,818.50 1,764.70 1,556.20 1,492.40
Less : Accumulated Depreciation 934 921.2 854.5 764.1 677.1
Less:Impairment of Assets 0 0 0 0 0
Net Block 1,116.70 897.3 910.2 792.1 815.3
Lease Adjustment 0 0 0 0 0
Asset Transferred 0 0 0 0 0
Capital Work in Progress 120 227 57.8 56.8 12.6
Producing Properties 0 0 0 0 0
Investments 8,743.20 8,003.10 7,179.80 6,406.80 5,758.30
Current Assets, Loans & Advances
Inventories 861.6 589.6 584.6 622.9 481.1
Sundry Debtors 601.7 720.1 430.9 578.1 511.5
Cash and Bank 274.2 165.4 135 157 164
Loans and Advances 582.7 796.6 473.5 400.9 249.4
Total Current Assets 2,320.20 2,271.70 1,624.00 1,758.90 1,406.00
Less : Current Liabilities and
Provisions
Current Liabilities 1,404.90 1,395.20 1,081.70 1,230.30 1,175.50
Provisions 127.1 46.8 20.3 20.2 13.2
Total Current Liabilities 1,532.00 1,442.00 1,102.00 1,250.50 1,188.70
Net Current Assets 788.2 829.7 522 508.4 217.3

Deferred Tax Assets 17.6 2.5 0 0 36.5

Deferred Tax Liability 147 152.5 122.4 114.2 103.1
Net Deferred Tax -129.4 -150 -122.4 -114.2 -66.6
Other Assets 1,759.80 1,591.10 60.3 139.7 129.7

Total Assets 12,398.50 11,398.20 8,607.70 7,789.60 6,866.60

Contingent Liabilities 199.7 203 0 0 0
B. EXCEL FUNCTIONS

Advanced Excel refers to the use of advanced functionalities and features within Microsoft Excel to perform
complex data analysis, create sophisticated spreadsheets, automate tasks, and visualize data in more
comprehensive ways. It involves using various tools, functions, formulas, and techniques to manipulate and
analyze data efficiently.

Some key components of advanced Excel include:

• Formulas and Functions: Advanced functions like VLOOKUP, HLOOKUP, INDEX-MATCH, SUMIFS,
COUNTIFS, IFERROR, and nested functions help in performing intricate calculations and data analysis.
• PivotTables: These are powerful tools used for summarizing, analyzing, exploring, and presenting large
datasets. PivotTables allow users to reorganize and summarize selected columns and rows of data in a
spreadsheet or database.
• Data Analysis Tools: Excel offers various data analysis tools such as scenarios, goal seek, solver, and data
tables to perform what-if analysis, scenario planning, optimization, and sensitivity analysis.
• Data Visualization: Advanced charting techniques, including sparklines, combo charts, and advanced
formatting options, help in presenting data visually for better understanding. Practical usage of advanced Excel
skills spans across various industries and job roles:
• Finance and Accounting: Analyzing financial data, creating financial models, performing budgeting and
forecasting.
• Business Analysis: Analyzing sales trends, market data, and customer behavior to aid in decision-making
processes.
• Project Management: Tracking project progress, managing timelines, and resources using Excel's tools. • Data
Science: Performing initial data cleaning, manipulation, and basic analysis before using specialized data science
tools.
• Human Resources: Managing employee data, payroll, and creating performance reports.
• Research and Academia: Organizing research data, conducting statistical analysis, and creating charts/graphs
for presentations and publications.
1. SORT
In Excel, the "Sort" function is used to arrange or organize the data in a worksheet or a selected range of cells
based on specific criteria. Sorting allows you to reorder rows of data based on ascending or descending order,
numerical values, dates, text, or custom lists.

Year Product Name

Product Code
2019 Commercial Solutions 11034
2018 Commercial Solutions 11,034.00
2019 Hydraulic & Pneumatic Equip. 84000000
2018 Hydraulic & Pneumatic Equip. 8,40,00,000.00
2016 Hydraulic & Pneumatic Equip. 8,40,00,000.00
2015 Hydraulic & Pneumatic Equip. 8,40,00,000.00
2019 Income from Service 10,034.00
2018 Income from Service 10,034.00
2016 Income from Service 10,034.00
2015 Income from Service 10,034.00
2019 Lighting Products 8,53,90,000.00
2018 Lighting Products 8,53,90,000.00
2016 Lighting Products 8,53,90,000.00
2015 Lighting Products 8,53,90,000.00
2019 Other Operating Revenue 11,034.00
2018 Other Operating Revenue 11,034.00
2016 Other Operating Revenue 11,034.00
2015 Other Operating Revenue 11,034.00
2019 Others 11,034.00
2018 Others 11,034.00
2016 Others 11,034.00
2015 Others 11,034.00
2019 Personal Care and Cosmetics 11,034.00
2018 Personal Care and Cosmetics 11,034.00
2019 Sale of Products 11,106.00
2018 Sale of Products 11,106.00
2016 Sale of Products 11,106.00
2015 Sale of Products 11,106.00
2014 Sale of Products 11,106.00
2013 Sale of Products 11,106.00
2019 Service Income 10,106.00
2018 Service Income 10,106.00
2016 Service Income 10,106.00
2015 Service Income 10,106.00

2014 Service Income 10,106.00

2013 Service Income 10,106.00
2019 Toilet Soaps 3,40,11,100.00
2018 Toilet Soaps 3,40,11,100.00
2016 Toilet Soaps 3,40,11,100.00
2015 Toilet Soaps 3,40,11,100.00
 INTERPRETATION:

 Sorting sales data in Excel from A TO Z by Alphabetical order allows for

overview of transactions.
 This facilitates the identification of recent trends, analysis of the latest sales
performance by products, and tracking the evolution of product demand over time.
 This arrangement will offer insights into temporal patterns and aiding in the
development of data-driven strategies for optimizing sales and business operations.

2. FILTER
In Excel, the "Filter" function allows users to display only the data that meets certain criteria while temporarily
hiding the other data. This feature is handy when working with large datasets as it helps to focus on specific
information or perform analyses based on selected criteria.

Product Name Product Code

2019 Hydraulic & Pneumatic Equip. 8,40,00,000.00
2018 Hydraulic & Pneumatic Equip. 8,40,00,000.00
2016 Hydraulic & Pneumatic Equip. 8,40,00,000.00
2015 Hydraulic & Pneumatic Equip. 8,40,00,000.00

INTERPRETATION

 This filtered data helps in view the sales data of only ‘Hydraulic &Pneumatic Equip’
which is helpful in further analysis of sales.
 These steps guide users through the process of selecting, filtering, and viewing specific
subsets of data in Excel, providing a dynamic way to analyze and work with large
datasets.
 The filtering feature is valuable for focusing on particular aspects of the data
and temporarily excluding irrelevant information.

GROUP AND UNGROUP DATA

 2. GROUPED
In Excel, "grouped" typically refers to the action of organizing data into categories or
clusters based on certain criteria. The term Grouped refers to the action of forming a group
or putting people or things into a group. This can be done in various ways:
1. Grouping Rows or Columns: You can group adjacent rows or columns together to
collapse them into a single row or column, making it easier to view or analyse the data.
2. Grouping Data: This involves categorizing data based on specific characteristics. For
example, you might group sales data by month, product category, or region.
3. Grouping Worksheets: In Excel, you can also group multiple worksheets together,
allowing you to perform operations or make changes across all grouped worksheets
simultaneously.
INPUT/STEPS
1. Select the rows you wish to add grouping to (entire rows, not just individual cells)
2. Go to the Data Ribbon.
3. Select Group.
4. Select Group again

3. UNGROUPED
Ungrouped Data refers to raw data that you initially gather from an experiment or study.
In this form, the data is not sorted into categories, classified, or otherwise grouped.
Essentially, ungrouped data is a straightforward list of individual observations or values. In
Excel, ungrouped data refers to raw or individual data points that have not been organized
or aggregated in any specific manner. These data points are typically entered into cells in a
spreadsheet, with each cell containing a single data value.
INPUT/STEPSS
1. select the rows or columns,
2. and then go to Data > Outline > Ungroup > Ungroup,
3. and then select Rows or Columns.
 OUTPUT

Commercial Solutions
Hydraulic & Pneumatic Equip.
Income from Service
2019 Lighting Products 8,53,90,000.00
2018 Lighting Products 8,53,90,000.00
2016 Lighting Products 8,53,90,000.00
2015 Lighting Products 8,53,90,000.00
Lighting Products
Other Operating Revenue
Others
Personal Care and Cosmetics
Sale of Products
Service Income
Toilet Soaps

3. VLOOKUP
VLOOKUP searches for a value in the first column of a table and returns a value in the same row from
a specified column. VLOOKUP stands for 'Vertical Lookup'. It is a function that makes Excel search
for a certain value in a column (the so called 'table array'), in order to return a value from a different
column in the same row. This article will teach you how to use the VLOOKUP function.

Formula: VLOOKUP(lookup value, table array, col_index_num, [range lookup])

INPUTS/STEPS

1. Utilising the data set 1, for performing VLOOKUP functions.

2. Identify the lookup value: The lookup value is the value that I want to search for in
the table.

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 3. Identify the table array: The table array is the range of cells that contains the table
that you want to search.

4. Identify the column index: The column index is the column number of the value that
you want to return.

5. Identify the range lookup: The range lookup is a value that specifies whether to
perform an approximate match or an exact match. In this case, the range lookup is
FALSE.

INTERPRETATION

 The VLOOKUP formulas performed on the sales data provide specific details
for the entry with the year

 The first formula retrieves "Year" indicating the year associated with the
Products.

 VLOOKUP is a powerful tool for extracting relevant details based on a key

identifier, contributing to efficient data analysis and reporting in the context of sales
data

HLOOKUP

HLOOKUP searches for a value in the top row of a table and returns a value in the same
column from a specified row. HLOOKUP stands for Horizontal Lookup and can be used
to retrieve information from a table by searching a row for the matching data and

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 outputting from the corresponding column. While VLOOKUP searches for the value in a
column, HLOOKUP searches for the value in a row.

Formula: HLOOKUP(lookup value, table array, row_index_num,[range lookup]

INTERPRETATION

 The HLOOKUP formulas applied to the sales data focus on extracting specific
information from the 13th row of the dataset based on the provided lookup values.
 In the first formula, HLOOKUP retrieves "Hydraulic & Pneumatic Equip associating
it with the "Product Name" category.
 HLOOKUP proves useful for extracting information horizontally, offering insights
into specific categories and values in the sales dataset.

ADVANCE FILTER

Advanced Filter in Excel is a powerful feature that allows users to filter data based on
complex criteria, including multiple conditions and logical operators, providing a more
sophisticated data extraction and analysis tool compared to basic filtering options.

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INPUT
 Utilising the data set 1, for advanced filter.
 Following are the criteria for filter-
 Entering the details in advanced filter dialogue box,
as per the above criteria

OUTPUT

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INTERPRETATION

 The filtered dataset will now exclusively show sales data for the specified
criteria of Region and Till Total profit.
 Helps to analyze this subset to derive insights into sales channel specifically in Europe.
 This focused approach using Advanced Filter allows for precise examination of
relevant data subsets, enhancing the depth and accuracy

WHAT- IF ANALYSIS: GOAL SEEK

Goal Seek in What-If Analysis allows users to set a desired outcome in a spreadsheet formula and
automatically adjusts input values to achieve that goal,

facilitating iterative scenario testing in Microsoft Excel

What If analysis
Price 32
Qty 150
Total Revenue 4800
Transport Cost 520
Item Cost 3000
Total Cost 2320
Profit 1200

STEPS

 Utilizing data set 2, for goal seek

 With the below parameters, apply goal seek to the data set.
 Entering the parameters in the goal seek dialogue box as per the above

OUTPUT

What If analysis
Price 32
Qty 75.46
Total Revenue 2400
Transport Cost 520
Item Cost 3000 18 | P a g e
Total Cost 2320
Profit 80
INTERPRETATION

This table seems to be analysing a business scenario where different costs are considered to calculate the total profit
based on selling an item or service at a given price and quantity

[Link] MANAGER

Scenario Manager in What-If Analysis in Excel allows users to create and compare different
scenarios by changing multiple input values, providing insights into various possible outcomes for
informed decision-making.

INTERPRETATION:-

 Changing Cells: These likely represent input variables or parameters that can be
adjusted to explore different scenarios. For example, they might include quantities of
products or prices.
 Current Values: These are the initial or baseline values for the changing cells.
 Quantity of Product: This column probably corresponds to the quantity of a specific

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 product being analyzed.
 Price of the Product: This column likely represents the price per unit of the product.
 Result Cells: These cells likely show calculated results based on the changing cells.
The “Current Value” section probably displays the current state, while the “Scenario
Values” section shows results for different scenarios.

4. GRAPH

In Microsoft Excel, a graph, also referred to as a chart, is a visual representation of data

from a worksheet. It helps to illustrate and analyse data trends, relationships, and
comparisons more easily than just looking at raw numbers. "Graph Up" might refer to
creating or "graphing up" a chart or graph in Excel to visualize the data.

1) Bar Chart Basics:

 A bar chart (also known as a bar graph) represents data grouped in intervals.
 The bars’ lengths correspond to numerical values, and they can be either
horizontal or vertical.
 Each bar represents a summary value for a specific category or level.
2) Understanding the Graph:

The x-axis represents dates, and the y-axis represents values (in increments of 10,000 up
to 60,000).

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 There are three sets of bars for each date: ‘Increase,’ ‘Decrease,’ and ‘Total

The blue bars represent increases, the orange bars represent decreases, and the label above
each set indicates the total value.
For example, on 12/11/2013:
1. The ‘Increase’ bar is around 7,337.
2. The ‘Decrease’ bar is close to zero.
3. The total value is labelled as “7337.”

b. Patterns and Insights:

Notably, on 6/30/2020:
1. The blue ‘Increase’ bar is just above 50,000.
2. The orange ‘Decrease’ bar is slightly above zero.
3. The total value is labelled as “51001.”
Overall, this graph doesn’t provide context about what these increases and decreases
represent.

c. Analysis:

Without additional context, it’s challenging to draw specific conclusions.

However, this type of graph could be related to business metrics, sales, or other scenarios
where changes over time matter
 Graph 2

1. Line Chart Basics:

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  A line chart displays a series of data points connected by lines.
 It emphasizes changes in a metric (usually on the Y-axis) based on another
variable (typically on the X-axis)

 While time is often used on the X-axis, it can represent other continuous or
categorical variables as well.

2. Interpreting the Graph:

 The X-axis represents dates (ranging from 12/7/2013 to 8/25/2018 in your chart).
 The Y-axis represents values (from 0 to 4,000,000).
 Each line represents a different metric (e.g., units sold, unit price, total revenue, etc.).
 Markers on the lines indicate specific data points.

3. Patterns and Insights:

 Observe the changing slope of the line segments:

 Upward slopes indicate growth or positive trends.
 Downward slopes suggest decline or negative trends.
 For example:
 The “units sold” line shows growth initially, plateaus, and then declines.
 The “total profit” line follows a similar pattern.
 Compare these trends to identify correlations or differences.

4. Business Implications:

 Use line charts

to:
 Monitor behaviour over time.
 Highlight differences and correlations.
 Make predictions about future trends.

PIVOT TABLE
In Excel, a pivot chart is a graphical representation of data from a pivot table. A
pivot table is a powerful tool that allows you to summarize and analyse large
amounts of data in a spreadsheet. Once you have created a pivot table with your
desired data arrangement, you can then create a pivot chart based on that pivot

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 table. A Pivot Table in of complex information, aiding in the interpretation and communication of key
Excel organizes and findings in a concise and compelling manner.
summarizes data,
providing a dynamic way INPUT
to analyze and extract
insights. Graphs, or  Utilising data set 1 for pivot table and graphs.
charts, visually represent
data trends and patterns,  Select the data set and go to insert tab where both pivot table and
complementing Pivot graph is available.
Tables by offering a Applying various insights to analyse the data and give conclusion.
graphical representation

Pivot table

Product Name (All)

Year (All)

Sum of Product
Sales
813915250
PIVOT CHART

Total
900000000

800000000

700000000

600000000

500000000

400000000 Total

300000000
200000000

100000000

0
Total

CONDITIONAL FORMATTING

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 Conditional formatting makes it easy to highlight certain values or make particular cells
easy to identify. This changes the appearance of a cell range based on a condition (or
criteria). You can use conditional formatting to highlight cells that contain values which
meet a certain condition. In other words, it’s like automatic formatting triggered by
conditions you define.

BALANCE SHEET OF WIPRO ENTERPRISES LTD.(CONDITIONAL FORMATTING)

Finance >>Balance Sheet (Standalone)>>Wipro Enterprises Pvt Ltd(Curr. in Crores )
Year 202203 202103 202003 201903 201803
SOURCES OF FUNDS :
Share Capital 483.7 483.7 483.7 483.7 483.7
Reserves Total 9,604.60 8,835.10 7,815.20 6,964.10 6,262.60
Equity Share Warrants 0 0 0 0 0
Equity Application Money 0 0 0 0 0
Total Share holders Funds 10,088.30 9,318.80 8,298.90 7,447.80 6,746.30
Secured Loans 0 0 0 0 0
Unsecured Loans 2,182.90 1,960.50 274.7 289.6 70.6
Total Debt 2,182.90 1,960.50 274.7 289.6 70.6
Other Liabilities 127.3 118.9 34.1 52.2 49.7

Total Liabilities 12,398.50 11,398.20 8,607.70 7,789.60 6,866.60

APPLICATION OF FUNDS :
Gross Block 2,050.70 1,818.50 1,764.70 1,556.20 1,492.40
Less : Accumulated Depreciation 934 921.2 854.5 764.1 677.1
Less:Impairment of Assets 0 0 0 0 0
Net Block 1,116.70 897.3 910.2 792.1 815.3
Lease Adjustment 0 0 0 0 0
Asset Transferred 0 0 0 0 0
Capital Work in Progress 120 227 57.8 56.8 12.6
Producing Properties 0 0 0 0 0
Investments 8,743.20 8,003.10 7,179.80 6,406.80 5,758.30
Current Assets, Loans & Advances
Inventories 861.6 589.6 584.6 622.9 481.1
Sundry Debtors 601.7 720.1 430.9 578.1 511.5
Cash and Bank 274.2 165.4 135 157 164
Loans and Advances 582.7 796.6 473.5 400.9 249.4
Total Current Assets 2,320.20 2,271.70 1,624.00 1,758.90 1,406.00

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 Less : Current Liabilities and
Provisions
Current Liabilities 1,404.90 1,395.20 1,081.70 1,230.30 1,175.50
Provisions 127.1 46.8 20.3 20.2 13.2
Total Current Liabilities 1,532.00 1,442.00 1,102.00 1,250.50 1,188.70
Net Current Assets 788.2 829.7 522 508.4 217.3

Miscellaneous Expenses not written

off 0 0 0 0 0
Deferred Tax Assets 17.6 2.5 0 0 36.5
Deferred Tax Liability 147 152.5 122.4 114.2 103.1
Net Deferred Tax -129.4 -150 -122.4 -114.2 -66.6
Other Assets 1,759.80 1,591.10 60.3 139.7 129.7

Total Assets 12,398.50 11,398.20 8,607.70 7,789.60 6,866.60

Contingent Liabilities 199.7 203 0 0 0

INPUT/STEPS

1. Select the Cells:

 Choose the range of cells you want to format. This could be a single cell, a row, a
column, or a larger selection.

2. Access Conditional Formatting:

 Go to the Home tab on the Excel ribbon.

 In the Styles group, click on Conditional Formatting.

3. Choose a Rule:

 You’ll see a list of preset rules. Pick the one that best suits your needs:
 Colour Scales: Alter cell colors based on their values.
 Data Bars: Add horizontal bars to each cell, similar to a bar graph.
 Icon Sets: Assign icons to cells based on their values.
 Top/Bottom Rules: Highlight cells that are in the top or bottom percentage
of the data.
 Custom Rules with Formulas: Create your own rules using formulas

25 | P a g e
FUNDFLOW STATEMENT OF WIPRO ENTERPRISES
Finance >>Funds Flow (Standalone)>>Wipro Enterprises Pvt Ltd(Curr. Rs in Crores )
Year 202203 202103 202003 201903 201803 201703 201603
Sources of funds
Cash profit 830.5 1,040.10 907.9 801.3 806.6 595.8 469.4
Increase in
equity 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Increase in other
net worth 0 46.5 33.6 0 0 33.1 0
Increase in loan
funds 230.8 1,770.60 0 221.5 7.8 20.9 53.5
Decrease in
gross block 0 0 0 0 70.9 0 0
Decrease in
investments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Decrease in
working capital 0 0 74 0 0 0 386.9
Others 0 0 0 0 0 0 120.8

Total Inflow 1,061.30 2,857.20 1,015.50 1,022.80 885.3 649.8 1,030.60

Application of
funds
Cash loss 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Decrease in net
worth 48.2 0 0 12.8 9.1 0 156.7
Decrease in loan
funds 0 0 33 0 0 0 0
Increase in gross
block 102.8 223 195.6 108 0 64.4 164.4
Increase in
investments 740.1 823.3 773 648.5 609.5 580.3 709.5
Increase in
working capital 147.8 1,810.90 0 253.5 146 5.1 0
Dividend 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Others 0 0 0 0 0 0 120.8

Total Outflow 1,061.30 2,857.20 1,015.50 1,022.80 885.3 649.8 1,030.60

26 | P a g e
IF FUNCTION

The IF function in Excel performs a logical comparison between two values. The result of
the IF function is either TRUE or FALSE. For example, we can test if the value in cell B2
is greater than the value in cell A2. If so, the result is TRUE, if not, the result is FALSE.
The IF function in Excel is a powerful tool that allows you to make logical comparisons
between a value and an expected condition.

INPUTS/STEPS
1. Select the Cell : Choose the cell where you want the result of your IF formula to appear.

2. Enter the Formula: Type the following formula into the selected cell

FORMULA =IF(Logical_Test, Value_If_True, Value_If_False)

3. Comparison Operators: Use comparison operators within the logical test:

v = (equal to)
v > (greater than)
v < (less than)
v >= (greater than or equal to)
v <= (less than or equal to)<> (not equal to)
ü Always enclose text in double quotation marks when needed.

Product Name Units Sold IF FUNCTION

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 Commercial Solutions
9712 False
Hydraulic & Pneumatic
Equip. 16175 True
Lighting Products
19563 True
Others 18770 True
Personal Care and
Cosmetics 7181 False
Toilet Soaps 45849 True

INTERPRETATION
1. Table Structure:
Ø The table has three columns:
· “Item Type”: Lists different types of product name.
· “Unit Sold”: Contains numerical values representing the quantity of each item sold.
· “IF Function”: Displays the word “false” for each item type.

2. “IF Function” Column:

Ø “IF Function” Column: The presence of the “IF Function” column suggests that some logical
condition is being evaluated.
Ø However, all entries in this column are “false.”
Ø Without additional context, it’s unclear what condition the “IF Function” is checking.

3. Potential Interpretations:

Ø The “IF Function” might be checking whether the total units sold for each item type meet a
specific threshold (e.g., if sales exceed a certain value).

28 | P a g e
Ø The “false” values could indicate that none of the items met the conditions.

1. OR FUNCTION

Excel is capable of performing several logical tests. One of the most common is the OR
function, where it yields a "TRUE" or "FALSE" result depending on whether any of the
arguments are true. Using the OR function can help you organize your data and quickly
test for various conditions. In this article, we explain how to use the OR function in Excel
and provide examples. The OR function is a logical function commonly used in
spreadsheets, including Microsoft Excel. It evaluates multiple conditions and returns
TRUE if at least one of the conditions is met, and FALSE if none of the conditions are
satisfied.

INPUTS/STEPS
1. Insert the OR function. Click on the cell where you want the "TRUE" or "FALSE" value
to appear.
2. Add logical tests. Next, consider what you want the function to test for and enter these
conditions as arguments.
3. Press "Enter"
4. Copy the function to other cells.

Product Name Units Sold OR FUNCTION

Commercial Solutions
9712 TRUE
Hydraulic & Pneumatic
Equip. 16175 TRUE
Lighting Products 19563 TRUE
Others 18770 TRUE
Personal Care and
Cosmetics 7181 TRUE
Toilet Soaps 45849 TRUE

29 | P a g e
30 | P a g e
KURTOSIS

Kurtosis is a statistical measure that describes the shape, or peakedness, of a distribution. A

distribution with high kurtosis has a sharp peak around the mean, indicating that the data has heavy
tails and is more prone to extreme values. On the other hand, a distribution with low kurtosis has a
flatter peak, indicating that the data is more dispersed and less prone to extreme values.

In Excel, you can calculate kurtosis using the KURT function. Here are the steps to do it:

1. Prepare your data: Enter your data into an Excel worksheet.

2. Select a cell to display the kurtosis value: Choose a cell where you want the kurtosis value
to appear.

3. Use the KURT function: In that cell, type =KURT( and then select the range of cells that
contain your data. Close the parentheses and press Enter.

For example, if your data is in cells A1 to A10, you would type =KURT(A1:A10).

4. View the result: After pressing Enter, Excel will calculate the kurtosis of your data and
display the result in the selected cell.

31 | P a g e
Remember, interpreting kurtosis values depends on the context of your data. A kurtosis value of 3
indicates that the distribution has the same shape as a normal distribution (mesokurtic). Values
greater than 3 indicate a sharper peak (leptokurtic), and values less than 3 indicate a flatter peak
(platykurtic).

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33 | P a g e
 WORD FUNCTION

In computer architecture, a word is a unit of data of a defined bit length that

can be addressed and moved between storage and the computer processor.

Some key components of advanced word include:

Advanced word processing software often includes a wide range of features to

facilitate document creation, formatting, collaboration, and more. Here are
some key components commonly found in advanced word processing
software:
1. Graphics and Multimedia Integration: Users can insert images, charts,
tables, diagrams, and other multimedia elements into their documents.
Advanced word processors offer tools for resizing, cropping, and
formatting graphics to enhance visual appeal.
2. Templates: Templates provide pre-designed formats for various types of
documents, such as resumes, reports, newsletters, and invitations.
Advanced word processors typically offer a library of templates to help
users quickly create professional-looking documents.
3. Styles and Themes: Styles allow users to apply consistent formatting
throughout a document. Advanced word processors often support
predefined styles and themes, enabling users to apply a cohesive look and
feel across multiple documents.
4. Document Formatting: Advanced word processors offer extensive
formatting options for text, paragraphs, and pages. This includes font

34 | P a g e
 styles, sizes, colors, alignment, line spacing, indentation, and more. Users
can customize the appearance of their documents to meet specific
requirements.
5. Document Organization: Advanced word processors provide tools for
organizing and managing documents, such as folders, tagging, search
functionality, and document properties. Users can easily find and navigate
through their files to stay organized
6. Collaboration Tools: Collaboration features enable multiple users to work
on the same document simultaneously. This includes real-time editing,
comments, track changes, and version history, allowing for seamless
collaboration and document review.
7. Document Automation: Automation features streamline repetitive tasks,
such as generating tables of contents, indexes, headers, footers, and
citations. Advanced word processors often include built-in tools or support
for plugins/extensions to automate document processing.

8. Accessibility Features: Accessibility features ensure that documents are

accessible to users with disabilities. This includes support for screen
readers, keyboard shortcuts, alternative text for images, and other
accessibility standards.
9. Security and Encryption: Advanced word processors prioritize document
security by offering encryption, password protection, digital signatures, and
other security measures to safeguard sensitive information.
10. Integration with Other Software: Integration with other software
applications, such as spreadsheet software, presentation software, email
clients, and cloud storage services, enhances productivity and workflow
efficiency. Users can seamlessly transfer data between different
applications without manual intervention.

These are just some of the key components commonly found in advanced word
processing software. Depending on the specific software platform, additional
features and functionalities may be available to meet the diverse needs of
users.

35 | P a g e
 Some key components of Advance word exclude:

Let's exclude some components and focus on other essential features of

advanced word processing software:
1. Desktop Publishing Tools: Advanced word processors often include
desktop publishing features like advanced typography controls, page layout
options, and print management tools. These tools enable users to create
visually appealing documents with precise control over layout and design.
2. Mail Merge: Mail merge functionality allows users to personalize and
send bulk documents, such as letters or emails, to a list of recipients with
customized content. Advanced word processors typically offer robust mail
merge capabilities, including integration with contact lists and variable data
insertion.
3. Version Control: Version control features help users manage document
revisions by tracking changes, comparing different versions, and restoring
previous versions if needed. Advanced word processors may offer built-in
version control systems or integrate with external version control software.
4. Advanced Editing and Proofreading: Beyond basic spell check and
grammar check, advanced word processors often provide advanced editing
and proofreading tools, such a style suggestions, readability analysis, and
plagiarism detection. These tools help users improve the quality and clarity
of their writing.
5. Advanced Document Security Features: In addition to encryption and password
protection, advanced word processors may offer advanced document security
features such as watermarking, digital rights management (DRM), and secure
document sharing options to protect sensitive information and control access to
documents.
6. Customization and Extensibility: Advanced word processors allow users to
customize the software to suit their specific needs and preferences. This includes
customizable keyboard shortcuts, user interface themes, and support for third-
party plugins or macros to extend functionality.
7. Document Automation with Macros: In addition to built-in automation features,
advanced word processors often support macros, which are sequences of

36 | P a g e
 commands that automate repetitive tasks. Users can create, record, and execute
macros to streamline document processing workflows.
8. Document Export and Conversion: Advanced word processors support a wide
range of document formats for import and export, including compatibility with
industry standards like PDF, HTML, and eBook formats. Users can convert
documents between different formats without losing formatting or content.
9. Advanced Search and Navigation: Advanced word processors offer powerful
search and navigation tools that allow users to quickly locate specific content
within large documents. This may include advanced search options, such as
wildcard search, regular expressions, and search across multiple documents.
10. Cross-Platform Compatibility: Advanced word processors are often available
on multiple platforms, including desktop computers, tablets, and smartphones.
Cross-platform compatibility ensures that users can access and edit their
documents seamlessly across different devices and operating systems.

11. These excluded components represent additional functionalities that contribute to

the advanced capabilities of word processing software, catering to the diverse
needs of users across different industries and workflows.

Practical usage of advanced word skill across various Industries Job roles:

Advanced word processing skills are invaluable across various industries and job roles,
contributing to efficiency, professionalism, and effective communication. Here's how
advanced word processing skills are practically used in different industries and job roles:

1. Finance and Accounting:

Financial Analysts: Creating financial reports, forecasts, and

presentations for stakeholders.
Accountants: Preparing financial statements, invoices, and budget documents.

Auditors: Documenting audit findings, preparing audit reports, and

compliance documentation.

2. Marketing and Advertising:

37 | P a g e
 Content Writers: Crafting marketing copy, blog posts, social
media content, and press releases.
Graphic Designers: Integrating text into marketing materials, such
as brochures, flyers, and advertisements.
Marketing Managers: Developing marketing plans, sales
proposals, and campaign reports.

3. Business Administration and Management:

Executive Assistants: Creating and formatting reports,

presentations, and correspondence for executives.
Project Managers: Developing project plans, proposals, and status reports.

Office Managers: Designing and maintaining office documents,

such as manuals, policies, and procedures.

4. Education and Training:

Teachers and Instructors: Creating lesson plans, worksheets,

quizzes, and educational materials.
Instructional Designers: Developing e-learning courses, training
modules, and interactive materials.
Academic Researchers: Writing research papers, dissertations, and
academic articles.

5. Government and Public Administration:

Public Relations Specialists: Crafting press releases, media kits,

and communication materials.
Government Administrators: Drafting policies, regulations, and
official correspondence.
Grants Managers: Developing grant proposals, funding requests,
and progress reports.

6. Healthcare:

38 | P a g e
 Medical Transcriptionists: Transcribing medical reports, patient
records, and dictations.
Healthcare Administrators: Compiling patient data, creating
medical reports, and managing documentation.
Clinical Researchers: Writing research protocols, patient consent
forms, and study reports.

7. Legal Services:

Lawyers and Legal Assistants: Drafting legal documents,

contracts, agreements, and court filings.
Paralegals: Organizing case files, preparing briefs, and formatting
legal documents for court submissions.

Legal Secretaries: Managing correspondence, scheduling

appointments, and maintaining legal records.

8. Creative Industries:

Writers and Authors: Writing manuscripts, screenplays, novels,

and other creative works.
Editors and Publishers: Editing manuscripts, formatting books,
and preparing manuscripts for publication.
Journalists: Writing news articles, features, and investigative
reports for print and digital media.

In each of these industries and job roles, advanced word processing skills enable
professionals to create, format, and manage documents effectively, enhancing
productivity, professionalism, and communication. These skills are fundamental for
success in today's digital workplace, regardless of the specific industry or role.

39 | P a g e
 CAPSTONE PROJECT OF WORD

1. CANVA

It is a global online visual communications platform on a mission to empower

the world to design, featuring a simple drag and drop user interface and a vast
range of templates. Ranging from presentations, documents, websites, brochure
making, social media graphics, posters and video editing and audio clips etc.
that one can take an idea and create something beautiful on Canva on any
device from any part of the world. Since its launch in 2013, they heard the
objective of making design accessible to all. They also found on the belief that
people don’t need to understand complex software to unlock their creativity.
They are leveling the playing field and democratizing access to design and
visual communication by empowering 100% of the world to communicate in a
way that was once limited to the 1%.

INPUT/STEPS

Step 1: Sign in for free account on the Canva or log in to the existing account.

Step 2: Click on the create design button on the left corner of the screen and
select brochure from the list of available designs.

Step 3: Choose a template that fits best for the event theme, or start from
scratch by selecting a blank template and design or customize as per your
theme.

Step 4: Write your event name, date, time & venue and all the other details
which needs to be mentioned in the brochure.

Step 5: Customize the design by adding your own image by using canvas
library of images, icons, etc. or by website or device.

Step 6: Add or edit some of the features like types of fonts and its size. Air
transition and animations to the brochure page.

Step 7: preview the brochure to make sure everything is correct and looks good.

40 | P a g e
Step 8: Now download the brochure by converting it into your preferred file
format (PDF, PNG or JPG).

Step 9: Print the brochure or share it digitally with your target audience.

41 | P a g e
OUTPUT

42 | P a g e
[Link] POINT

A brand name for a computer program that helps you to create and give
presentations (= talks giving information): The designs can easily be imported
into PowerPoint or to web pages. a PowerPoint presentation slide. PowerPoint
is a program that allows users to create electronic presentations consisting of a
series of separate pages or slides. These slides can combine text, graphics,
multimedia elements, and animations to convey information effectively.
Whether you’re a student, professional, or simply curious, understanding
PowerPoint is essential for success. It is widely used in schools, workplaces,
and various other settings.

INPUT/STEPS

Steps to create presentation.

1. Open power point.

2. In the left of the page select new file.

3. Select an option

43 | P a g e
 Ø To create presentation from scratch, select blank presentation.
Ø To use a prepared design. Select one of the templates.

Ø Add slides. One in the thumbnail on the left page. Select the slide
you want your new slide to follow.
1. Add format text.

Ø Place the cursor inside the text box and type something.
Ø Select the text and select one or more options from the font section of
the home tab, such as font, increase font size, decrease font size, bold,
italics, underline, etc.
Ø To create bullet numbers, select the text and then bullet or numbering.

2. Add a picture shape icon and more.

Ø Go to insert tab to add picture.

Ø In the image section select picture.
Ø In the insert picture from the menu select it from the source you want.
Ø Two adds icons, in the illustration section select the icon and click on it.

44 | P a g e
OUTPUT

45 | P a g e
INTERPRETATION

1. Content of the Slide:

Ø The slide has a blue background with white, circuit-like designs

emanating from the bottom right corner.
Ø In the center of the slide, the word “WIPRO” is prominently displayed
in white capital letters.
Ø Various PowerPoint toolbars and options are visible at the top of the
screen, including ‘File’, ‘Home’, ‘Insert’, ‘Design’, ‘Transitions’,
‘Animations’, ‘Slide Show’, ‘Review’, and ‘View’.
Ø There is a smaller preview of another slide in the left pane labeled “Watermark.”

2. Potential Significance:

Ø Given the presence of the word “WIPRO,” this slide likely relates to a
presentation about the retail giant WIPRO.
Ø The circuit-like designs could imply a focus on technology or digital
aspects related to Walmart.

46 | P a g e
 3. Contextual Interpretation:

Ø Without additional context, it’s challenging to pinpoint the exact

purpose of this slide. However, it could be part of a larger presentation
discussing Wipro’s strategies, performance, or business model.

3. MAIL MERGE

Mail merge is a word processing procedure which enables you to combine a

document with a data file, for example a list of names and addresses, so that
copies of the document are different

for each person it is sent to. [computing]. Mail merge is a feature in data processing

applications that automates the process of sending a similar letter, email, or

document to multiple recipients, personalized for each one.

INPUT/STEPS
1. On the File tab, select New and choose Blank Document.

2. On the Mailings tab, choose Select Recipients and select Type a New List.

3. In the New Address List dialog box type recipient information in each column as
appropriate.

4. For each new record, select Add New.

47 | P a g e
 OUTPUT
MAIL MERGE
1.
From,
Ms. Leela
Bangalore
9487621453
19/05/2023

To,

48 | P a g e
WIPRO
Bangalore
Sub- Glad to accept the offer letter

I am delighted to accept the offer extended to me for the position of assistance manager at WIPRO.
I am honored to have been chosen for this role and I am eager to contribute my skills and expertise
to the success of the company.

I would like to express my gratitude for the confidence you have placed in me by offering me this
opportunity. I have thoroughly considered the terms and conditions of the offer and I am pleased to
accept them. I understand that my employment will be subject to the policies and guidelines of
WIPRO.

Please let me know if there are any additional documents or paperwork that I need to complete
before my start date. I am eager to get started and I will make every effort to ensure a smooth
transition into my new role. Once again, thank you for providing me with this opportunity. I am
looking forward to joining the team at WIPRO and contributing to its continued success.

Please find attached a signed copy of this acceptance letter for your records. If there are any further
instructions or documents you require, please let me know. Thank you once again, and I am excited
to begin this new chapter of my career with WIPRO Yours sincerely, LEELA
2.
From,
Mr. Raj K
Bangalore
9784261537
19/05/2023

To,
WIPRO

49 | P a g e
Bangalore
Sub- Glad to accept the offer letter

I am delighted to accept the offer extended to me for the position of assistance manager at WIPRO.
I am honored to have been chosen for this role and I am eager to contribute my skills and expertise
to the success of the company.

I would like to express my gratitude for the confidence you have placed in me by offering me this
opportunity. I have thoroughly considered the terms and conditions of the offer and I am pleased to
accept them. I understand that my employment will be subject to the policies and guidelines of
WIPRO.

Please let me know if there are any additional documents or paperwork that I need to complete
before my start date. I am eager to get started and I will make every effort to ensure a smooth
transition into my new role.

Once again, thank you for providing me with this opportunity. I am looking forward to joining the
team at WIPRO and contributing to its continued success.

Please find attached a signed copy of this acceptance letter for your records. If there are any further
instructions or documents you require, please let me know.

Thank you once again, and I am excited to begin this new chapter of my career with WIPRO

Yours sincerely,
RAJ K

INTERPRETATION
1. Template Creation: A single document template would be created with
placeholders for the variable information, such as the recipient’s location

50 | P a g e
 (Nagpur/Mumbai), the month of the report (December/November), and the
due date (10th April/10th March).
2. Data Source: A data source, like a spreadsheet, would list the specific
details for each recipient, such as their address, the month of the report, and
the due date.
3. Mail Merge Process: Using mail merge, the template would automatically
fill in these details for each recipient, creating personalized letters without
the need to manually edit each one.
4. Efficiency: This process saves time and reduces the potential for errors, as
the same base letter can be used to communicate with multiple offices, with
only the specific details changing.
5. Bulk Processing: Mail merge is particularly useful when sending out a
large number of letters, as it can handle the personalization and printing of
each letter in bulk.

The use of mail merge in this scenario ensures that each office receives a letter
that appears to be personally written to them, even though the bulk of the
content is identical across all letters. This method is widely used in business
and administrative settings for its efficiency and ability to personalize
communication at scale

POWER BI FUNCTION

Power BI is a technology-driven business intelligence tool provided by

Microsoft for analysing and visualizing raw data to present actionable
information. It combines business analytics, data visualization, and best
practices that help an organization to make data-driven decisions. Power BI is
a business analytics tool developed by Microsoft that enables users to visualize
and analysed data from various sources. The name "Power BI" stands for

51 | P a g e
"Power Business Intelligence."

Some key Components of PoBI Include:

1. Power BI Service (Power BI Online): This is the cloud-based service
provided by Microsoft for publishing, sharing, and collaborating on Power
BI reports and dashboards. Users can access Power BI Service through a
web browser and interact with reports and dashboards created in Power BI
Desktop.
2. Power BI Desktop: This is the primary development tool used to create
Power BI reports and dashboards. It provides a rich set of features for data
preparation, modeling, visualization, and report authoring.
3. Power View: Power View is a data visualization tool in Power BI that
allows users to create interactive reports and dashboards with charts,
graphs, maps, and other visualizations. It provides an intuitive interface for
exploring and analyzing data visually.
4. Power BI Mobile Apps: Power BI offers mobile apps for iOS, Android,
and Windows devices, allowing users to access their Power BI reports and
dashboards on the go. The mobile apps provide interactive visualizations
and support for viewing and analyzing data from anywhere.
5. Power Query: Power Query is a data connectivity and data preparation
tool in Power BI that allows users to connect to various data sources,
transform and clean data, and create data models for analysis. It provides a
user-friendly interface for performing data extraction, transformation, and
loading (ETL) tasks.
6. Power Pivot: Power Pivot is a data modeling tool in Power BI that enables
users to create and manage data models within Power BI Desktop. It allows
users to import and combine data from multiple sources, define
relationships between tables, and create calculated columns and measures
using DAX (Data Analysis Expressions) language.

7. Power Q&A: Power Q&A is a natural language query tool in Power BI

that allows users to ask questions about their data using plain English and
receive instant visualizations and insights. It leverages advanced natural
language processing (NLP) technology to understand user queries and

52 | P a g e
 generate relevant visualizations.

8. Power Map: Power Map is a 3D data visualization tool in Power BI that

allows users to create interactive maps and geographical visualizations
based on their data. It enables users to plot data points on maps, visualize
spatial trends, and explore geographic patterns.

These are some of the key components of Power BI that collectively enable
users to analyze, visualize, and share insights from their data effectively.

Some key components of Power BI exclude:

1. DAX (Data Analysis Expressions): DAX is the formula language used in

Power BI to create custom calculations and measures. You can use DAX
functions like FILTER, CALCULATE, and ALL to dynamically exclude
certain data based on conditions or criteria specified in the DAX formulas.
2. Filters: Power BI offers various filtering options that allow you to exclude
data based on certain criteria. You can apply filters at different levels such
as report level, page level, or visual level. Filters can be applied to specific
fields or measures to include or exclude data points.
3. Visual Interactions: You can control how visuals interact with each other
in Power BI reports. By adjusting visual interactions, you can specify
whether filtering actions on one visual affect other visuals in the report,
allowing you to exclude data from specific visualizations.
4. Row-Level Security (RLS): Row-Level Security allows you to restrict
access to data at the row level based on roles. You can define security roles
and rules to exclude certain rows of data from being visible to specific
users or groups.
5. Data Cleaning and Transformation: Before importing data into Power
BI, you can perform data cleaning and transformation tasks using Power
Query Editor. This includes removing or excluding rows/columns that are
not relevant to your analysis.
6. Slicers: Slicers are visual filters that allow users to interactively filter data

53 | P a g e
 in Power BI reports. Users can select specific values from slicers to include
or exclude corresponding data points from the visualizations.
While there isn't a specific "Exclude" feature in Power BI, these components
and techniques provide flexibility in excluding certain data elements or
controlling data visibility within your reports and visualizations.

Practical usage of Power BI skill across various industries job roles:

1. Finance and Accounting:

· Financial analysts use Power BI to create interactive dashboards for

financial reporting, budgeting, and forecasting.
· Accountants leverage Power BI to analyze financial data, track key
performance indicators (KPIs), and identify trends in revenue,
expenses, and profitability.
· Compliance officers utilize Power BI to monitor regulatory
compliance, detect anomalies in financial transactions, and generate
audit reports.

2. Marketing and Sales:

· Marketing managers use Power BI to analyze customer

demographics, campaign performance, and market trends to
optimize marketing strategies.
· Sales representatives leverage Power BI to track sales pipeline,
monitor sales performance, and identify opportunities for revenue
growth.
· Customer relationship managers utilize Power BI to analyze
customer feedback, satisfaction scores, and churn rates to improve
customer retention strategies.

3. Manufacturing and Supply Chain:

· Operations managers use Power BI to monitor production

54 | P a g e
 efficiency, track inventory levels, and identify bottlenecks in the
manufacturing process.
· Supply chain analysts leverage Power BI to analyze supplier
performance, optimize inventory management, and reduce supply
chain costs.
· Quality assurance professionals utilize Power BI to track defect
rates, analyze root causes of quality issues, and implement
corrective actions.

4. Healthcare:

· Healthcare administrators use Power BI to analyze patient

demographics, track healthcare outcomes, and optimize resource
allocation in hospitals and clinics.

· Medical researchers leverage Power BI to analyze clinical trial data,

visualize patient outcomes, and identify patterns in disease
prevalence.
· Health informaticians utilize Power BI to create dashboards for
healthcare providers to monitor patient populations, track treatment
effectiveness, and improve healthcare delivery.

5. Human Resources:

· HR managers use Power BI to analyze workforce demographics,

track employee turnover rates, and identify areas for talent
development and retention.
· Recruitment specialists leverage Power BI to track recruitment
metrics, analyze candidate pipelines, and optimize hiring processes.
· Training and development professionals utilize Power BI to assess
employee training needs, track training completion rates, and
measure the impact of training programs on performance.

These are just a few examples, but Power BI skills are applicable across
virtually any industry and job role that involves data analysis, visualization,

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and reporting. The ability to transform raw data into actionable insights is a
valuable asset in today's data-driven world.

CAPSTONE PROJECT OF POWER BI

1. DATA MODELLING

Data modelling is the process of diagramming data flows. When creating a

new or alternate database structure, the designer starts with a diagram of how
data will flow into and out of the database. Data modelling refers to the process
of creating a conceptual representation of data and its relationships within a
specific context. It involves designing the structure of a database or data
warehouse to accurately and efficiently store, manage, and retrieve data. Data
modeling helps organizations understand their data assets, improve data
quality, and support various business functions and processes.

2. CREATION OF DASHBOARDS

A dashboard is a way of displaying various types of visual data in one place.

Usually, a dashboard is intended to convey different, but related information in
an easy-to-digest form. The creation of a dashboard involves designing and
building a visual representation of key

metrics, data, and insights in a consolidated and easily understandable format.

Dashboards are typically used to monitor, analysed , and communicate
information relevant to a specific business function, process, or goal.

3. DAX EXPRESSION

Data Analysis Expressions (DAX) is a formula expression language used in

Analysis Services, Power BI, and Power Pivot in Excel. DAX formulas include
functions, operators, and values to perform advanced calculations and queries
on data in related tables and columns in tabular data model. A DAX
expression, short for Data Analysis Expressions, is a formula language used in

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various Microsoft tools, primarily Power BI, Excel Power Pivot, and SQL
Server Analysis Services (SSAS). DAX expressions are used to create
calculated columns, measures, and calculated tables within these tools.

GRAPH 1

Ø The pie chart shows the distribution of the sum of total cost by product
name. It appears to be for a company in the manufacturing or industrial
sector, based on product category labels like “Hydraulic & Pneumatic
Components” and “Lighting Products”.

Ø The largest slice of the pie chart, representing 47.37% of the total cost, is for a
category labeled “Commercial Solutions”. This could be a general category for the
company’s core products or services, or it could be a specific category of products or
services that is particularly profitable.

Ø The second-largest slice of the pie chart is for “Other Operating Revenue”, at
22.18% of the total cost. This category likely includes revenue from sources other
than the company’s core products or services, such as interest income, rental income,
or gains on asset sales.

Ø The remaining slices of the pie chart are for smaller categories of products or

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 services, including “Hydraulic & Pneumatic Components” (12.16%), “Lighting
Products” (7.93%), and “Income from Service” (10.36%).

Overall, the pie chart suggests that the company’s core business (“Commercial Solutions”) is its
largest source of revenue. However, the company also generates significant revenue from other
sources, such as “Other Opera

GRAPH 2

The bar chart shows the “Sum of total cost by state.” The state with the highest sum of total cost is
Texas at $5.4 million. California is the second highest at $3.9 million. Here are the other states
listed on the graph, in descending order of total cost:

 Utah
 Kentucky
 Florida
 North Carolina
 Wisconsin
 Washington

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  Total Cost by State: The graph shows the sum of total cost for eight states.
Texas has the highest total cost at $5.4 million. California is the second highest at
$5 million. The remaining states - Utah, Kentucky, Florida, North Carolina,
Wisconsin and Washington - have total costs ranging from $900,000 to $3.9
million.
 Comparison of State Costs: The graph allows for a visual comparison of total costs
between the eight states. Texas and California are significantly higher than the other states.
 Limited Scope: The graph only shows data for eight states. It is not possible to say how
these states compare to the total cost in all states.

This chart is important to note that without additional information, it is difficult

to say why some states have higher total costs than others. Factors that could
influence total cost include the cost of labor, materials, and transportation.

GRAPH 3

The donut chart titled "Count of Product Code by Product Name" shows the distribution of the

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number of product codes associated with different product names. It likely represents data for a
company that sells a variety of products and uses product codes to identify them.

 Three product names have the most product codes: The donut chart shows that
three product names have the most product codes associated with them. These
product names are not labeled in the chart, but they each represent 23.53% (4 out of
17) of the total number of product codes.
 Several other product names have fewer product codes: The chart also shows
several other product names that have fewer product codes associated with them. The
number of product codes for these items ranges from 2 (11.76%) to 3 (17.65%) of the
total.
 The donut chart does not show the total number of product codes: It is important
to note that the donut chart does not show the total number of product codes. Without
this information, it is difficult to say definitively how many product codes are
associated with each product name.

The donut chart provides a general overview of the distribution of product codes by product name.
However, it would be more informative if the chart included the total number of product codes. This
would allow for a more precise comparison of the number of product codes associated with each
product name.

GRAPH 4

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The treemap graph shows the count of postal codes by product name. It appears to be for
a company that operates in multiple locations, based on the use of postal codes. The data
is organized hierarchically, with product categories at the top level and product names at
the bottom level.
 Hydraulic & Pneumatic Equipment is the largest category: The largest category in the
treemap is "Hydraulic & Pneumatic Equip.", which contains several product names. This
suggests that this category is a major focus of the company's business.
 Lighting Products and Income from Service are also significant categories: The treemap
also shows significant counts for the categories "Lighting Products" and "Income from
Service". This indicates that the company offers a variety of products and services.
 Commercial Solutions is a smaller category: The category "Commercial Solutions" is the
smallest of the four main categories shown in the treemap. However, it is important to note
that the treemap may not show all of the company's product categorie

The treemap provides a helpful overview of the distribution of postal codes by product name for this
company. The graph shows that "Hydraulic & Pneumatic Equip" is the largest category, but the
company also offers other products and services such as "Lighting Products" and "Income from
Service".

OUTPUT

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INTERPRETATION

1. Pie Chart - “Sum of Profit by Item Type”:

Ø This chart shows the distribution of profit across different item types.
Each segment of the pie represents a different item type and its
contribution to the total profit.

2. Bar Graph - “Sum of Units Sold by Item Type”:

Ø The bar graph compares the number of units sold for each item type.
Taller bars indicate a higher quantity of units sold.

3. Stacked Column Chart - “Sum of Total Revenue by Item Type”:

Ø This chart illustrates the total revenue generated by each item type. It’s
stacked to show the proportion of revenue from each item within the
total.

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These visualizations are useful for quickly understanding which items are
performing well in terms of profit, sales volume, and revenue generation. They
can inform decisions related to inventory management, sales strategies, and
financial planning.

To analyse this dashboard effectively, consider the following steps:

Ø Identify Top Performers: Look for item types that stand out in terms
of profit, sales, and revenue.
Ø Spot Trends: Check for any noticeable trends over time (if temporal data is
available).
Ø Compare Metrics: See how different metrics correlate. For example,
high sales volume doesn’t always mean high profit.
Ø Actionable Insights: Use the data to make informed decisions. For
instance, if an item type has high sales but low profit, you might
consider adjusting pricing or costs.

4. RELATIONSHIP MANAGER

Power BI Desktop looks at column names in the tables you're querying to

determine if there are any potential relationships. If there are, those
relationships are created automatically. If Power BI Desktop can't determine
with a high level of confidence there's a match, it doesn't create the
relationship. Relationships are crucial for combining data from multiple tables
in Power BI. There are four types of relationships: One-to-one, One-to-many,
Many-to-one, and Many-to-many. You can create relationships manually or
use Autodetect during data import.

INPUT/STEPS
Ø On the Modeling tab, select Manage relationships > New.
Ø In the Create relationship dialog box, in the first table drop-down
Ø list, select a table. Select the column you want to use in the relationship.
Ø In the second table drop-down list, select the other table you want in the relationship.

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OUTPUT

INTERPREATION

Power BI Relationships view, which is used to manage and analyze how

different tables in your data model are connected. Here’s a brief interpretation
of what you’re seeing:
Ø Tables: There are two tables, Sheet1 and Sheet2, which contain columns
that are related to each other.

Ø Columns: The columns from Sheet1 include ‘Order Date’, ‘Region’,

‘Rep’, ‘Item’, ‘Units’, ‘Unit Cost’, and ‘Total’. The columns from Sheet2
include ‘Order Date’, ‘Region’, ‘Rep’, and others that are not fully visible.
Ø Relationships: The lines connecting the tables represent the relationships
between them. These are likely based on common columns like ‘Order
Date’ or ‘Region’, which allow you to analyze data across both tables.

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To interpret this in Power BI:

1. Identify Common Columns: Determine which columns are used to

link the tables. These are typically fields that both tables have in
common.
2. Understand the Relationship Type: The type of relationship (one-to-
one, one-to- many, many-to-one) affects how filters and calculations
work across the tables.
3. Analyze Data Across Tables: Once the relationships are established,
you can create visualizations that combine data from both tables, giving
you insights that wouldn’t be possible from a single table.

5. CLEANING DATA

Data cleaning is the process of modifying data to ensure that it is free of

irrelevances and incorrect information. Data Cleaning is a significant skill that
makes you an experienced Data Analyst, when working on data, you will
encounter anomalies, blanks, duplicates, inaccurate formatting, jumbled
columns, etc. In Power BI, cleaning data refers to the process of preparing raw
data for accurate analysis and reporting. This involves several steps to ensure
the data is consistent, accurate, and usable for creating visualizations and
insights. Here’s what it typically includes:
Ø Identifying Errors: Spotting mistakes in the data fields, such as incorrect
entries or formats.
Ø Handling Null Values: Dealing with missing or unexpected values that
could skew analysis.
Ø Removing Duplicates: Eliminating repeated values to retain only distinct data points.
Ø Transforming Data: Changing data fields into appropriate formats and
using correct data types.
Ø Improving Data Quality: Resolving inconsistencies and quality issues to
ensure reliable analysis.

INPUT/STEPS
1. Step 1: Identify data discrepancies using data observability tools.

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 2. Step 2: Remove data discrepancies.

3. Step 3: Standardize data formats.

4. Step 4: Consolidate data sets.

5. Step 5: Check data integrity.

6. Step 6: Store data securely.

OUTPUT:

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INTERPRETATION
Ø Table Title: “Table_Query1” suggests that this is a query result or a
table created within Power BI’s Query Editor.
Ø Columns: The table includes columns like ‘Order Date’, ‘Region’,
‘Country’, ‘Item Type’, ‘Sales Channel’, ‘Order Priority’, and dates
ranging from 5/31/2010 to 7/28/2012.
Ø Data Cleaning Indicators: The presence of the ‘QUERY SETTINGS’
sidebar with ‘Applied Steps’ indicates that some data cleaning steps have
already been applied to this table.

In Power BI, data cleaning typically involves:

· Removing Unwanted Columns: To focus on relevant data.

· Renaming Columns: For better clarity and understanding.

· Handling Null Values: By replacing them or removing rows with nulls.

· Changing Data Types: To ensure correct data representation and calculations.

· Sorting and Filtering Data: To organize and narrow down the data for analysis.

· Removing Duplicates: To maintain data integrity and accuracy

The ‘Applied Steps’ section in Power BI’s Query Editor would list all the
transformations applied to the data, such as removing duplicates, changing data
types, or filtering rows. These steps are crucial for preparing the data for
accurate analysis and visualization. For a comprehensive guide on data
cleaning in Power BI, including step-by-step instructions and best practices,
you might find online tutorials and resources very helpful. They can provide
you with detailed explanations and examples of how to clean and transform
your data effectively

FINAL CONCLUSION OF EXCEL, WORD AND POWER BI

Ø Microsoft Excel: It’s a versatile spreadsheet tool that’s been around for
decades. Excel is excellent for data entry, complex calculations, data
analysis, and visualization with charts and graphs. It’s widely used for
financial modelling and other numerical computations. Excel can handle

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 large datasets, but it may become sluggish with very large volumes of data.
Ø Microsoft Word: This is a word processing tool that’s primarily used for
creating documents like reports, letters, and brochures. It’s not designed for
handling data in the same way as Excel or Power BI but is unparalleled for
document creation and editing, including formatting, styling, and
publishing.
Ø Microsoft Power BI: A business analytics tool that excels in data
visualization and business intelligence. Power BI is used to create
interactive reports and dashboards, offering advanced data modelling
capabilities and the ability to handle large amounts of data efficiently. It’s
particularly useful for sharing insights and reports across an organization
In summary, if you’re working with numerical data and need robust analysis
and calculation features, Excel is the go-to tool. For document creation and
word processing, Word is the best choice. And for advanced data modelling,
complex visualizations, and business intelligence reporting, Power BI stands
out as the most powerful option. Each tool complements the others, and in
many professional settings, they are used together to cover all aspects of data
handling and presentation.

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