Test 1

SECTION 2 Questions 11-20

Questions 11-14

Complete the notes below.

Write ONE WORD for each answer.

Fiddy Working Heritage Fann

Advice about visiting the farm

Visitors should
• take care not to harm any 11 .......................................... .
not touch any 12 .......................................... .
• wear 13 0000000000000000000000000H000000 .. 00000000

not bring 14 ........................................... into the fann, with certain exceptions

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12
 Listening

Questions 15-20

Label the map below.

Write the co"ect letter A-I, next to Questions 15-20.

Road
......' .. '
Farm Yard

..c:
�
�
c
·cu
�
[!)
Car Park
�

You are here

15 Scarecrow ...................... 18 Black Barn ......................

16 Maze ...................... 19 Covered picnic area ......................
17 Cafe ...................... 20 Fiddy House ......................

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[Link] [Link]
Test 1

SECTION 3 Questions 21-30

Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

Study on Gender in Physics

21 The students in Akira Miyake's study were all majoring in
A physics.
B psychology or physics.
C science, technology, engineering or mathematics.
22 The aim of Miyake's study was to investigate
A what kind of women choose to study physics.
B a way of improving women's performance in physics.
C whether fewer women than men study physics at college.
23 The female physics students were wrong to believe that
A the teachers marked them in an unfair way.
B the male students expected them to do badly.
C their test results were lower than the male students'.
24 Miyake's team asked the students to write about
A what they enjoyed about studying physics.
B the successful experiences of other people.
C something that was important to them personally.
25 What was the aim of the writing exercise done by the subjects?
A to reduce stress
B to strengthen verbal ability
C to encourage logical thinking
26 What surprised the researchers about the study?
A how few students managed to get A grades
B the positive impact it had on physics results for women
C the difference between male and female performance
27 Greg and Lisa think Miyake's results could have been affected by
A the length of the writing task.
B the number of students who took part.
c the information the students were given.

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 Listening

28 Greg and Lisa decide that in their own project, they will compare the effects of
A two different writing tasks.
B a writing task with an oral task.
C two different oral tasks.
29 The main finding of Smolinsky's research was that class teamwork activities
A were most effective when done by all-women groups.
B had no effect on the performance of men or women.
C improved the results of men more than of women.
30 What will Lisa and Greg do next?
A talk to a professor
B observe a science class
C look at the science timetable

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15
 Reading

READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading
Passage 2 below.

THE FALKIRK WHEEL

A unique engineering achievement

The Falkirk Wheel in Scotland is the headed axe, but also the vast turning
world's first and only rotating boat lift. propeller of a ship, the ribcage of a whale
Opened in 2002, it is central to the or the spine of a fish.
ambitious £84.5m Millennium Link project
to restore navigability across Scotland by The various parts of The Falkirk Wheel
reconnecting the historic waterways of the were all constructed and assembled, like
Forth & Clyde and Union Canals. one giant toy building set, at Butterley
Engineering's Steelworks in Derbyshire,
The major challenge of the project lay in some 400 km from Falkirk. A team there
the fact that the Forth & Clyde Canal is carefully assembled the 1,200 tonnes
situated 35 metres below the level of the of steel, painstakingly fitting the pieces
Union Canal. Historically, the two canals together to an accuracy of just 10 mm to
had been joined near the town of Falkirk ensure a perfect final fit. In the summer of
by a sequence of 11 locks - enclosed 2001, the structure was then dismantled
sections of canal in which the water level and transported on 35 lorries to Falkirk,
could be raised or lowered - that stepped before all being bolted back together
down across a distance of 1.5 km. This had again on the ground, and finally lifted into
been dismantled in 1933, thereby breaking position in five large sections by crane. The
the link. When the project was launched Wheel would need to withstand immense
in 1994, the British Waterways authority and constantly changing stresses as it
were keen to create a dramatic twenty-first­ rotated, so to make the structure more
century landmark which would not only be robust, the steel sections were bolted
a fitting commemoration of the Millennium, rather than welded together. Over 45,000
but also a lasting symbol of the economic bolt holes were matched with their bolts,
regeneration of the region. and each bolt was hand-tightened.

Numerous ideas were submitted for the The Wheel consists of two sets of opposing
project, including concepts ranging from axe-shaped arms, attached about 25
rolling eggs to tilting tanks, from giant see­ metres apart to a fixed central spine.
saws to overhead monorails. The eventual Two diametrically opposed water-filled
winner was a plan for the huge rotating ' gondolas' , each with a capacity of 360,000
steel boat lift which was to become The litres, are fitted between the ends of the
Falkirk Wheel. The unique shape of the arms. These gondolas always weigh the
structure is claimed to have been inspired same, whether or not they are carrying
by various sources, both manmade and boats. This is because, according to
natural, most notably a Celtic double- Archimedes' principle of displacement,

21
Test 1

floating objects displace their own weight Wheel, which begin to rotate at a speed
in water. So when a boat enters a gondola, of 1/8 of a revolution per minute. As the
the amount of water leaving the gondola wheel rotates, the gondolas are kept in
weighs exactly the same as the boat. This the upright position by a simple gearing
keeps the Wheel balanced and so, despite system. Two eight-metre-wide cogs orbit
its enormous mass, it rotates through 180° a fixed inner cog of the same width,
in five and a half minutes while using very connected by two smaller cogs travelling
little power. It takes just 1.5 kilowatt-hours in the opposite direction to the outer cogs
(5.4 MJ) of energy to rotate the Wheel - - so ensuring that the gondolas always
roughly the same as boiling eight small remain level. When the gondola reaches
domestic kettles of water. the top, the boat passes straight onto the
aqueduct situated 24 metres above the
Boats needing to be lifted up enter the canal basin.
canal basin at the level of the Forth &
Clyde Canal and then enter the lower T he remaining 11 metres of lift needed
gondola of the Wheel. Two hydraulic steel to reach the Union Canal is achieved by
gates are raised, so as to seal the gondola means of a pair of locks. The Wheel could
off from the water in the canal basin. The not be constructed to elevate boats over
water between the gates is then pumped the full 35-metre difference between the
out. A hydraulic clamp, which prevents two canals, owing to the presence of the
the arms of the Wheel moving while the historically important Antonine Wall, which
gondola is docked, is removed, allowing was built by the Romans in the second
the Wheel to turn. In the central machine century AD. Boats travel under this wall via
room an array of ten hydraulic motors a tunnel, then through the locks, and finally
then begins to rotate the central axle. The on to the Union Canal.
axle connects to the outer arms of the

22
 Reading

Questions 14-19

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?

In boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

14 The Falkirk Wheel has linked the Forth & Clyde Canal with the Union Canal for the
first time in their history.
15 There was some opposition to the design of the Falkirk Wheel at first.
16 The Falkirk Wheel was initially put together at the location where its components
were manufactured.
17 The Falkirk Wheel is the only boat lift in the world which has steel sections bolted
together by hand.
18 The weight of the gondolas varies according to the size of boat being carried.
19 The construction of the Falkirk Wheel site took into account the presence of a
nearby ancient monument.

23
Test 1

Questions 20-26

Label the diagram below.

Choose ONE WORD from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 20-26 on your answer sheet.

How a boat is lifted on the Falkirk Wheel

A pair of 20 ...................... are lifted in order to
shut out water from canal basin

A 21 ...................... is taken out, enabling Wheel to rotate

26 ......................
raise boat 11 m
to level of Union
Canal
Boat is raised,
,.....,.___ floating in one
Boat travels of Wheel's two
through tunnel
beneath Roman
25 ......................

Boat reaches top Wheel, then A range of different-sized 23 ..................... .

moves directly onto 24 ...................... ensures boat keeps upright

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24 [Link]
 Reading

READING

READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading
Passage 1 below.

Raising the Mary Rose

How a sixteenth-century warship was recovered from the seabed
On 19 July 1545, English and French all of the starboard half survived intact.
fleets were engaged in a sea battle off During the seventeenth and eighteenth
the coast of southern England in the centuries, the entire site became covered
area of water called the Solent, between with a layer of hard grey clay, which
Portsmouth and the Isle of Wight. Among minimised further erosion.
the English vessels was a warship by the
name of Mary Rose. Built in Portsmouth Then, on 16 June 1836, some fishermen
some 35 years earlier, she had had a long in the Solent found that their equipment
and successful fighting career, and was was caught on an underwater obstruction,
a favourite of King Henry VIII. Accounts which turned out to be the Mary Rose.
of what happened to the ship vary: while Diver John Deane happened to be
witnesses agree that she was not hit exploring another sunken ship nearby,
by the French, some maintain that she and the fishermen approached him,
was outdated, overladen and sailing too asking him to free their gear. Deane dived
low in the water, others that she was down, and found the equipment caught
mishandled by undisciplined crew. What on a timber protruding slightly from the
is undisputed, however, is that the Mary seabed. Exploring further, he uncovered
Rose sank [Link] Solent that day, taking several other timbers and a bronze
at least 500 men with her. After the battle, gun. Deane continued diving on the
attempts were made to recover the ship, site intermittently until 1840, recovering
but these failed. several more guns, two bows, various
timbers, part of a pump and various other
The Mary Rose came to rest on the small finds.
seabed, lying on her starboard (right) side
at an angle of approximately 60 degrees. The Mary Rose then faded into obscurity
The hull (the body of the ship) acted as for another hundred years. But in 1965,
a trap for the sand and mud carried by military historian and amateur diver
Solent currents. As a result, the starboard Alexander McKee, in conjunction with the
side filled rapidly, leaving the exposed British Sub-Aqua Club, initiated a project
port (left) side to be eroded by marine called 'Solent Ships'. While on paper
organisms and mechanical degradation. this was a plan to examine a number of
Because of the way the ship sank, nearly known wrecks in the Solent, what McKee

41
Test 2

really hoped for was to find the Mary hull was an open shell. This led to an
Rose. Ordinary search techniques proved important decision being taken: namely to
unsatisfactory, so McKee entered into carry out the lifting operation in three very
collaboration with Harold E. Edgerton, distinct stages. The hull was attached to
professor of electrical engineering at the a lifting frame via a network of bolts and
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. lifting wires. The problem of the hull being
In 1967, Edgerton's side-scan sonar sucked back downwards into the mud was
systems revealed a large, unusually overcome by using 12 hydraulic jacks.
shaped object, which McKee believed These raised it a few centimetres over a
was the Mary Rose. period of several days, as the lifting frame
rose slowly up its four legs. It was only
Further excavations revealed stray when the hull was hanging freely from
pieces of timber and an iron gun. But the lifting frame, clear of the seabed and
the climax to the operation came when, the suction effect of the surrounding mud,
on 5 May 1971, part of the ship's frame that the salvage operation progressed to
was uncovered. McKee and his team the second stage. In this stage, the lifting
now knew for certain that they had found frame was fixed to a hook attached to a
the wreck, but were as yet unaware crane, and the hull was lifted completely
that it also housed a treasure trove of clear of the seabed and transferred
beautifully preserved artefacts. Interest underwater into the lifting cradle. This
in the project grew. and in 1979, The required precise positioning to locate the
Mary Rose Trust was formed, with Prince legs into the 'stabbing guides' of the lifting
Charles as its President and Dr Margaret cradle. The lifting cradle was designed
Rule its Archaeological Director. The to fit the hull using archaeological survey
decision whether or not to salvage the drawings, and was fitted with air bags to
wreck was not an easy one, although provide additional cushioning for the hull's
an excavation in 1978 had shown that it delicate timber framework. The third and
might be possible to raise the hull. While final stage was to lift the entire structure
the original aim was to raise the hull if at into the air, by which time the hull was
all feasible, the operation was not given also supported from below. Finally, on 11
the go-ahead _until January 1982, when all October 1982, millions of people around
the necessary information was available. the world held their breath as the timber
skeleton of the Mary Rose was lifted clear
An important factor in trying to salvage of the water, ready to be returned home to
the Mary Rose was that the remaining Portsmouth.

42
 0�1>.!1 .:i�j {!:?.>"
[Link] Reading

Questions 1-4

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

In boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

1 There is some doubt about what caused the Mary Rose to sink.
2 The Mary Rose was the only ship to sink in the battle of 19 July 1545.
3 Most of one side of the Mary Rose lay undamaged under the sea.
4 Alexander McKee knew that the wreck would contain many valuable
historical objects.

Questions &-8

Look at the following statements (Questions �8) and the list of dates below.

Match each statement with the correct date, A-G.

Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes �8 on your answer sheet.

5 A search for the Mary Rose was launched.

6 One person's exploration of the Mary Rose site stopped.
7 It was agreed that the hull of the Mary Rose should be raised.
8 The site of the Mary Rose was found by chance.

List of Dates
A 1836 E 1971
B 1840 F 1979
C 1965 G 1982
D 1967

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43
Test 2

Questions 9-13

Label the diagram below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 9--13 on your answer sheet.

Raising the hull of the Mary Rose: Stages one and two

9 ...................... attached
to hull by wires

10 ...................... to
prevent hull being
sucked into mud

crane

hook

hull is lowered into

12 ......................
13 ...................... used as extra
protection for the hull
44