The CENTRE for EDUCATION
in MATHEMATICS and COMPUTING
[Link]
2016 Canadian Team Mathematics Contest
Individual Problems
1. What is the value of 20 + 200 + 2010 + 20160 ?
2. Zeljko travelled at 30 km/h for 20 minutes and then travelled at 20 km/h for 30 minutes. How
far did he travel, in kilometres?
3. The operation is defined by a b = ab − ba . What is the value of 2 (2 5)?
4. Two fair six-sided dice are tossed and the numbers shown on the top face of each are added
together. What is the probability that the resulting sum is less than 10?
5. A palindrome is a positive integer whose digits are the same when read forwards or backwards.
For example, 25352 is a five-digit palindrome. What is the largest five-digit palindrome that is
a multiple of 15?
6. On a particular street in Waterloo, there are exactly 14 houses, each numbered with an integer
between 500 and 599, inclusive. The 14 house numbers form an arithmetic sequence in which
7 terms are even and 7 terms are odd. One of the houses is numbered 555 and none of the
remaining 13 numbers has two equal digits. What is the smallest of the 14 house numbers?
(An arithmetic sequence is a sequence in which each term after the first is obtained from the
previous term by adding a constant. For example, 3, 5, 7, 9 is an arithmetic sequence with four
terms.)
7. Point Q has coordinates (a + 1, 4a + 1) for some a > 1, and lies on the line with equation
y = ax + 3. If O is the origin (0, 0), determine the coordinates of the points P and R so that
OP QR is a square with diagonal OQ.
8. Claudine has p packages containing 19 candies each.
If Claudine divides all of her candies equally among 7 friends, there are 4 candies left over.
If Claudine divides all of her candies equally among 11 friends, there is 1 candy left over.
What is the minimum possible value of p?
9. In the diagram, ABCDHEF G is a truncated square-based
pyramid. (Note that D is hidden.) In particular, ABCD H G
E F
is a square with side length 7, EF GH is a square with side
length 1, and AE = BF = CG = DH. Each of the four
C
trapezoidal faces is partially shaded. On each face, only
the region that is below both diagonals is unshaded. If
A B
the height of the truncated pyramid is 4, what is the total
shaded area?
10. Determine all pairs (x, y) of real numbers that satisfy the following system of inequalities:
x4 + 8x3 y + 16x2 y 2 + 16 ≤ 8x2 + 32xy
y 4 + 64x2 y 2 + 10y 2 + 25 ≤ 16xy 3 + 80xy
The CENTRE for EDUCATION
in MATHEMATICS and COMPUTING
[Link]
2016 Canadian Team Mathematics Contest
Team Problems
1. What is the value of 2 + 0 − 1 × 6 ?
2. The average (mean) of 3, 5, 6, 8, and x is 7. What is the value of x?
3. For any real number x, bxc denotes the largest integer less than or equal to x. For example,
b4.2c = 4 and b−5.4c = −6. What is the value of b−2.3 + b1.6cc ?
4. A street magician has three cups labelled, in order, A, B, C that he has upside down on his
table. He has a sequence of moves that he uses to scramble the three cups: he swaps the first
and second, then he swaps the second and third, then he swaps the first and third. If he goes
through this sequence of three moves a total of nine times, in what order will the cups be?
5. A parabola has equation y = ax2 + bx + c and passes through the points (−3, 50), (−1, 20) and
(1, 2). Determine the value of a + b + c.
6. For some positive integers m and n, 2m − 2n = 1792. Determine the value of m2 + n2 .
7. A two-digit integer between 10 and 99, inclusive, is chosen at random. Each possible integer is
equally likely to be chosen. What is the probability that its tens digit is a multiple of its units
(ones) digit?
8. Rectangle ABCD has area 2016. Point Z is inside the rectangle and point H is on AB so that
ZH is perpendicular to AB. If ZH : CB = 4 : 7, what is the area of pentagon ADCBZ?
D C
Z
A H B
9. Suppose that A and B are digits with
A A A
A A B
A B B
+ B B B
1 5 0 3
What is the value of A3 + B 2 ?
10. Clara takes 2 hours to ride her bicycle from Appsley to Bancroft. The reverse trip takes her
2 hours and 15 minutes. If she travels downhill at 24 km/h, on level road at 16 km/h and uphill
at 12 km/h, what is the distance, in kilometres, between the two towns?
11. The first and second terms of a sequence are 4 and 5, respectively. Each term after the second
is determined by increasing the previous term by one and dividing the result by the term before
5+1
that. For example, the third term equals . What is the 1234th term of this sequence?
4
12. Austin and Joshua play a game. Austin chooses a random number equal to 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.
Joshua then chooses randomly from the remaining four numbers. Joshua’s first round score is
equal to the product of his number and Austin’s number. Austin then chooses randomly from
the remaining three numbers, and his first round score is the product of his second number and
Joshua’s first number. The process is repeated until each of the five numbers has been chosen.
The sum of each player’s two scores is their final score and the player with the highest final
score wins. If Austin chooses 2 to start and Joshua then chooses 3 (making Joshua’s first round
score 6), what is the probability that Austin will win?
13. A sphere and a cone have the same volume. The area of the lateral surface of the cone is 80π
and the total surface area of the cone is 144π. Determine the radius of the sphere.
(The volume of a sphere with radius r is 34 πr3 . The volume of a cone with radius r and height
h is 31 πr2 h. The surface area of a cone consists of two parts: its base and its lateral surface.
The lateral surface area of a cone with radius r and slant height s is πrs.)
14. Determine the value of the following sum:
1 1 1
log3 (1 − 15
) + log3 (1 − 14
) + log3 (1 − 13
) + · · · + log3 (1 − 18 ) + log3 (1 − 17 ) + log3 (1 − 16 )
(Note that the sum includes a total of 10 terms.)
15. A lock has a combination that is a four-digit positive integer. The first digit is 4 and the
four-digit combination is divisible by 45. How many different possible combinations are there?
16. In a regular n-gon, A1 A2 A3 · · · An , where n > 6, sides A1 A2 and A5 A4 are extended to meet at
point P . If ∠A2 P A4 = 120◦ , determine the value of n.
A3
A2 A4
A1 A5
17. There are 21 marbles in a bag. The number of each colour of marble is shown in the following
table:
Colour Number
magenta 1
puce 2
cyan 3
ecru 4
aquamarine 5
lavender 6
For example, the bag contains 4 ecru marbles. Three marbles are randomly drawn from the
bag without replacement. The probability that all three of these marbles are the same colour
1
can be written as . What is the value of k?
k
18. For each real number x, f (x) is defined to be the minimum of the values of 2x + 3, 3x − 2 and
25 − x. What is the maximum value of f (x)?
19. In the diagram, 4ABC is right-angled at C. Point D is on AC so that ∠ABC = 2∠DBC. If
DC = 1 and BD = 3, determine the length of AD.
B C
20. A group of cows and horses are randomly divided into two equal rows. (The animals are well-
trained and stand very still.) Each animal in one row is directly opposite an animal in the other
row. If 75 of the animals are horses and the number of cows opposite cows is 10 more than the
number of horses opposite horses, determine the total number of animals in the group.
21. Three circles each with a radius of 1 are placed such that each circle touches the other two
circles, but none of the circles overlap. What is the exact value of the radius of the smallest
circle that will enclose all three circles?
22. In a hospital, there are 7 patients (Doc, Grumpy, Happy, Sleepy, Bashful, Sneezy, and Dopey)
who need to be assigned to 3 doctors (Huey, Dewey, and Louie). In how many ways can the
patients be assigned to the doctors so that each patient is assigned to exactly one doctor and
each doctor is assigned at least one patient?
23. Suppose that a is a positive integer with a > 1. Determine a closed form expression, in terms
of a, equal to
3 5 7
1 + + 2 + 3 + ···
a a a
2k − 1
(The infinite sum includes exactly the fractions of the form for each positive integer k.)
ak−1
24. In the diagram, rectangular prism ABCDEF GH has AB = 2a, AD = 2b, and AF = 2c for
some a, b, c > 0. Point M is the centre of face EF GH and P is a point on the infinite line
passing through A and M . Determine the minimum possible length of line segment CP in
terms of a, b, and c.
E H
M
F
G
P
C
D
A B
25. The sequences t1 , t2 , t3 , . . . and s1 , s2 , s3 , . . . are defined by
• t1 = 1,
• t2 = m for some positive integer m > 0,
• sk = t1 + t2 + t3 + · · · + tk−1 + tk for each k ≥ 1, and
• tn = nsn−1 for each n ≥ 3.
There exist positive integers m that end in in exactly four 9s and for which t30 = N ! for some
positive integer N . Determine all of these corresponding values of N .
(If n is a positive integer, the symbol n! (read “n factorial”) is used to represent the prod-
uct of the integers from 1 to n. That is, n! = n(n − 1)(n − 2) · · · (3)(2)(1). For example,
5! = 5(4)(3)(2)(1) or 5! = 120.)
0 (a). Evaluate 10 2 ⇥ 3.
0 (b). Let t be TNYWR.
What is the area of a triangle with base of length 2t and height of length 3t + 1?
0 (c). Let t be TNYWR.
In the diagram, 4ABC is isosceles with AB = BC. If \BAC = t , what is the measure of
\ABC, in degrees?
B
A C
1 (a). If x : 6 = 15 : 10, what is the value of x?
1 (b). Let t be TNYWR.
3(x + 5) 3 3x
If =t+ , what is the value of x?
4 2
1 (c). Let t be TNYWR. p
The y-coordinate of the vertex of the parabola with equation y = 3x2 + 6 mx + 36 is t.
What is the value of m?
2 (a). What is the sum of the x-intercept of the line with equation 20x + 16y 40 = 0 and the
y-intercept of the line with equation 20x + 16y 64 = 0 ?
2 (b). Let t be TNYWR.
In the diagram, point C is on BD, 4ABC is right-angled at B, 4ACE is right-angled at
C, and 4CDE is right-angled at D. Also, AB = 2t, BD = DE = 9t, and BC : CD = 2 : 1.
1
If the area of 4ACE is k, what is the value of 36 k?
B C D
2 (c). Let t be TNYWR. p p
One cylinder has a radius of 2 and a height of a. Another cylinder has a radius of 5 and
a height of b. How many pairs of positive integers (a, b) are there so that the sum of the
volumes of the two cylinders is 10⇡t ?
3 (a). Let a be the largest positive integer so that a3 is less than 999.
Let b be the smallest positive integer so that b5 is greater than 99.
What is the value of a b?
3 (b). Let t be TNYWR.
Over the winter, Oscar counted the birds in his backyard. He counted three di↵erent types
of birds: sparrows, finches and cardinals. Three-fifths of the birds that he counted were
sparrows. One-quarter of the birds that he counted were finches. If Oscar counted exactly
10t cardinals, how many sparrows did he count?
3 (c). Let t be TNYWR.
A large theatre has 20 rows of seats. Each row after the first row contains 4 more seats than
the previous row. If there are 10t seats in total, how many seats are there in the first row?
