AMAN BHALLA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY

Btech CE 6TH SEM

MOCK PAPER

SUB- Prestressed Concrete

M.M-60

Each section carries 20 marks

Section-A

Q1. Answer briefly :

a) Distinguish between web-shear and flexure shear cracks in concrete beams with

sketches.

b) Write a short note on applications of prestressed concrete.

c) Explain the terms :

(i) Bursting tension

(ii) anchorage zone.

d) What are the factors influencing the loss of stress due to creep of concrete?

e) What is effective reinforcement ratio?

f) What are the different types of flexural failure modes observed in prestressed

concrete beams?

g) Define Eccentric Prestressing.

h) Distinguish between creep and shrinkage.

i) How the shear resistance of structural concrete members can be improved by

prestressing techniques?

j) What are the types of losses of prestresses?

SECTION-B(Do any 4 questions)

Q2. Explain briefly the following relationships relating to the precipitation over a basin?

Enumerate load balancing concept?

Q3. A pretensioned prestressed concrete beam having a rectangular section 160mm wide
and 380mm deep has an effective cover of 50mm. If fck =40N/mm2 fp = 1600 N/mm2 and
the area of prestressing steel As = 481 mm2 calculate the ultimate flexural strength of the
Section using IS : 1343 code provision.

1. Explain with sketches the IS code method of computing the moment of resistance
of Rectangular sections.

Q4. A beam of size 750mm × 1500mm is used on simply supported span of 15m. It is

Provided with a bent tendon having an eccentricity of 100mm at centre and an

Eccentricity of 50mm upwards at the ends. The dead load of the beam is 10kN/m.

Compute the stresses at ends and at mid span.

Q5. What are Tendon splices? Sketch some common types of tendon splices.

Q6. A prestressed concrete pile 250 mm square, contains 60 pretensioned wires, each of
2mm Diameter, uniformly distributed over the section. The wires are initially tensioned on
the Prestressing bed with a total force of 300 kN. Calculate the final stress in concrete and
the Percentage loss of steel after all losses. Data given is modular ratio = 6.5, shrinkage due

To creep = 30 × 10–6 mm/mm per N/mm2, relaxation of steel stress = 5% of Initial stress.

Section C(DO ANY 2 Questions)

Q7. A prestressed concrete beam of rectangular section 120mm wide and 300 mm deep
spans

Over 6m. The beam is prestressed by a straight cable carrying an effective force of 200

kN at an eccentricity of 50 mm. It supports an imposed load of 4kN/m and EC = 40

kN/mm2.Compute the deflection at the following stages :

a) Upward deflection under prestress + Self weight.

b) Final deflection under prestress + SWT + Imposed load including effects of creep &

Shrinkage.

Q8. A post-tensioned prestressed concrete T beam having a flange width of 1200 mm and

Flange thickness of 200 mm, thickness of web = 300 mm is prestressed by 2000 mm2

Of high tensile steel located at an effective depth of 1600 mm. If fck = 40 MPa, fp = 1600
MPa ; estimate the ultimate flexural strength of unbounded Tee section, assuming

Span/depth ratio as 20 and fpe = 1000 MPa.

Q9. Design a post tensioned prestressed concrete two way slab 6m by 8m in size, to
support a live load of 3kN/m2 . If cables of four wires of 5mm diameter stressed to 1000
waN/mm2 are available for use, determine the number of cables in the two principle
directions. The stresses in concrete not to exceed 15 MPa in compression and tensile
stresses are not permitted under service loads. The loss ratio is 0.7.

Solutions

Section A

a) Web-shear cracks occur near supports at 45°, while flexure-shear cracks start vertically
and incline due to combined bending and shear.

b) Prestressed concrete is used in bridges, buildings, sleepers, tanks, and precast

elements.

C(i) Bursting tension is lateral tensile stress in concrete near the anchor zone.

C(ii) Anchorage zone is the end region of a member where prestress is transferred to
concrete.

d) Loss due to creep is influenced by age at loading, stress level, humidity, mix design, and
curing.

e) Effective reinforcement ratio is the ratio of area of reinforcement to the effective area of
concrete.

f) Flexural failures include under-reinforced, over-reinforced, and balanced failures.

g) Eccentric prestressing is when the tendon lies outside the centroidal axis of the section.

h) Creep is time-dependent deformation under load; shrinkage is volume reduction without

load.

i) Prestressing increases shear capacity by inducing compressive stresses and reducing

cracks.

j) Types of prestress losses: elastic shortening, creep, shrinkage, relaxation, anchorage slip,
and flexure.

Section B

Q2(a): Relationships relating to the precipitation over a basin (Brief Explanation)

 1. Precipitation–Evaporation Relationship: Part of precipitation is lost through
evaporation.
2. Precipitation–Infiltration Relationship: Portion of rainfall infiltrates the soil
depending on basin conditions.
3. Mass Curve & Hyetograph Relationships: Used to analyze temporal distribution of
rainfall and accumulated volumes

Q2(b): Load Balancing Concept (Enumerate):

Introduced to simulate dead load effect using prestressing force.

Tendons are profiled to counteract dead + part of live load.

It ensures the structure behaves like an unstressed one under service load.

Reduces deflection and cracking by internal moment balancing.

Q3. Ultimate Flexural Strength Calculation

Given data

b = 160 mm (width)

D = 380 mm (depth)

- Effective cover = 50 mm

- fck = 40 N/mm² (characteristic compressive strength of concrete)

- fp = 1600 N/mm² (characteristic tensile strength of prestressing steel)

- As = 481 mm² (area of prestressing steel)

Step 1: Calculate the effective depth (d’)

D’ = d – effective cover = 380 mm – 50 mm = 330 mm

Step 2: Calculate the ultimate flexural strength (Mu)

Using the IS 1343 code provision, the ultimate flexural strength can be calculated as:

Mu = 0.87 * fp * As * (d’ – 0.42 * Xu)

Where Xu is the depth of the neutral axis.

Calculate Xu

Xu = (0.87 * 1600 * 481) / (0.36 * 40 * 160)

Xu = 669312 / 2304

Xu = 290.5 mm

Calculate Mu

Mu = 0.87 * 1600 * 481 * (330 – 0.42 * 290.5)

Mu = 0.87 * 1600 * 481 * (330 – 122.01)

Mu = 0.87 * 1600 * 481 * 207.99

Mu = 134.4 * 10^6 Nmm

Mu = 134.4 kNm

The ultimate flexural strength of the section is approximately 134.4 kNm.

Q4: Stresses at End and Mid-span

Given data:

Beam size = 750 mm × 1500 mm

- Span = 15 m

- Eccentricity at centre = 100 mm

- Eccentricity at ends = 50 mm (upwards)

- Dead load = 10 kN/m

Assumptions

1. Prestressing force (P) = 1000 kN (a reasonable assumption for a large beam)

2. The beam is simply supported, and the prestressing force is applied at the ends with an
eccentricity of 50 mm upwards.

3. The dead load is uniformly distributed over the span.

Calculate Stresses at Ends

1. *Direct stress due to prestressing*: σ_direct = P / A = 1000 kN / (0.75 m × 1.5 m) = 0.889
MPa (compressive)

2. *Bending stress due to prestressing*: σ_bending = (P × e) / Z = (1000 kN × 0.05 m) / (0.75

m × (1.5 m)^2 / 6) = 0.296 MPa (tensile at top, compressive at bottom)

3. *Bending stress due to dead load*: σ_bending_dl = (w × L^2) / (8 × Z) = (10 kN/m × (15
m)^2) / (8 × 0.75 m × (1.5 m)^2 / 6) = 3.75 MPa (compressive at top, tensile at bottom)

Calculate Stresses at Mid-Span

1. *Direct stress due to prestressing*: σ_direct = P / A = 0.889 MPa (compressive)

2. *Bending stress due to prestressing*: σ_bending_ = (P × e) / Z = (1000 kN × 0.1 m) / (0.75

m × (1.5 m)^2 / 6) = 0.592 MPa (compressive at top, tensile at bottom)

3. *Bending stress due to dead load*: σ_bending_dl = (w × L^2) / (8 × Z) = 3.75 MPa

(compressive at top, tensile at bottom)

Resulting Stresses

At ends:

- Top fiber: σ_top = 0.889 MPa (comp.) – 0.296 MPa (tens.) + 3.75 MPa (comp.) = 4.343 MPa
(compressive)

- Bottom fiber: σ_bottom = 0.889 MPa (comp.) + 0.296 MPa (comp.) – 3.75 MPa (tens.) = -
2.565 MPa (tensile)

At mid-span:

- Top fiber: σ_top = 0.889 MPa (comp.) – 0.592 MPa (comp.) + 3.75 MPa (comp.) = 4.047 MPa
(compressive)

- Bottom fiber: σ_bottom = 0.889 MPa (comp.) + 0.592 MPa (tens.) – 3.75 MPa (tens.) = -
2.269 MPa (tensile)

Q5: Tendon Splices -Tendon splices are used in prestressed concrete structures to connect
prestressing tendons, especially in long-span continuous members. Here's what you need
to know: Types of Tendon Splice

Coupler splices*: Used to connect two tendons, allowing for continuity of the prestressing
force
Button-head splices*: A type of splice that uses a button-head anchor to secure the
tendon.

Threaded splices*: A type of splice that uses threaded connections to join two tendons.

Applications

Tendon splices are typically required in:

- *Long-span continuous members*: Where the length of the prestressing tendon exceeds
the available length, splices are used to connect multiple tendons.

- *Prestressed concrete bridges*: Tendon splices are used to connect prestressing tendons
in bridge structures, ensuring continuity and strength.

Importance

Tendon splices play a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity of prestressed
concrete structures. They help to:

- *Ensure continuity*: By connecting prestressing tendons, splices ensure that the

structure can withstand stresses and loads.

- *Provide strength*: Tendon splices help to transfer forces between tendons, maintaining
the overall strength of the structure ¹.

Q6: Prestressed Concrete Pile – Final Stress Calculation

Given data:

Pile size = 250 mm × 250 mm

- Number of wires = 60

- Wire diameter = 2 mm

- Initial prestressing force = 300 kN

- Modular ratio = 6.5

- Shrinkage due to creep = 30 × 10⁻⁶ mm/mm per N/mm²

- Relaxation of steel stress = 5% of initial stress

Step 1: Calculate the initial stress in concrete

Initial stress in concrete = Initial prestressing force / Area of concrete

= 300 kN / (250 mm × 250 mm)

= 4.8 N/mm²

Step 2: Calculate the loss of prestress due to creep

Loss due to creep = Shrinkage due to creep × Modular ratio × Initial stress in concrete

= 30 × 10⁻⁶ mm/mm per N/mm² × 6.5 × 4.8 N/mm²

= 0.936 N/mm²

Step 3: Calculate the loss of prestress due to relaxation of steel

Loss due to relaxation = 5% of initial stress in steel

Initial stress in steel = Initial prestressing force / Area of steel

Area of steel = Number of wires × π × (Wire diameter / 2)²

= 60 × π × (2 mm / 2)²

= 188.5 mm²

Initial stress in steel = 300 kN / 188.5 mm²

= 1591.5 N/mm²

Loss due to relaxation = 0.05 × 1591.5 N/mm²

= 79.575 N/mm²

Step 4: Calculate the total loss of prestress

Total loss = Loss due to creep + Loss due to relaxation

= 0.936 N/mm² + 79.575 N/mm² × (1 / 6.5)

= 0.936 N/mm² + 12.24 N/mm²

= 13.176 N/mm²

Step 5: Calculate the final stress in concrete

Final stress in concrete = Initial stress in concrete – Total loss

= 4.8 N/mm² - 13.176 N/mm² × (1 / 6.5)

= 4.8 N/mm² - 2.028 N/mm²

= 2.772 N/mm²

Step 6: Calculate the percentage loss of steel

Percentage loss of steel = (Loss due to relaxation / Initial stress in steel) × 100

= (79.575 N/mm² / 1591.5 N/mm²) × 100

= 5%

The final stress in concrete is approximately 2.772 N/mm², and the percentage loss of steel
is 5%.

Section C

Q7. Given data:

Beam size = 120 mm × 300 mm
- Span = 6 m
- Prestressing force = 200 kN
- Eccentricity = 50 mm
- Imposed load = 4 kN/m
- EC = 40 kN/mm²

Step 1: Calculate the moment of inertia (I)

I = (b × d³) / 12
= (120 mm × (300 mm)³) / 12
= 27 × 10^6 mm⁴

Step 2: Calculate the self-weight of the beam

Self-weight = Density × Area × Span
Assuming density = 25 kN/m³
Self-weight = 25 kN/m³ × 0.12 m × 0.3 m
= 0.9 kN/m
Step 3: Calculate the upward deflection due to prestress
Upward deflection = (P × e × L²) / (8 × EC × I)
= (200 kN × 50 mm × (6 m)²) / (8 × 40 kN/mm² × 27 × 10^6 mm⁴)
= 2.08 mm (upward)

Step 4: Calculate the deflection due to self-weight

Deflection due to self-weight = (5 × w × L⁴) / (384 × EC × I)
= (5 × 0.9 kN/m × (6 m)⁴) / (384 × 40 kN/mm² × 27 × 10^6 mm⁴)
= 0.53 mm (downward)

Step 5: Calculate the final deflection under prestress + self-weight

Final deflection = Upward deflection – Deflection due to self-weight
= 2.08 mm – 0.53 mm
= 1.55 mm (upward)

Step 6: Calculate the deflection due to imposed load

Deflection due to imposed load = (5 × w × L⁴) / (384 × EC × I)
= (5 × 4 kN/m × (6 m)⁴) / (384 × 40 kN/mm² × 27 × 10^6 mm⁴)
= 2.36 mm (downward)

Step 7: Calculate the final deflection under prestress + self-weight + imposed load
Final deflection = 1.55 mm (upward) – 2.36 mm (downward)
= -0.81 mm (downward)

The final deflection is approximately 0.81 mm downward.

Q8. Given data:

- Flange width = 1200 mm

- Flange thickness = 200 mm
- Web thickness = 300 mm
- Prestressing steel area = 2000 mm²
- Effective depth = 1600 mm
- fck = 40 MPa
- fp = 1600 MPa
- fpe = 1000 MPa
Step 1: Calculate the ultimate flexural strength (Mu)
For unbonded tendons, the ultimate flexural strength can be calculated using the following
equation:

Mu = 0.95 × fp × Ap × (d – 0.42 × Xu)

Where Xu is the depth of the neutral axis.

Step 2: Calculate Xu
Xu = (0.95 × fp × Ap) / (0.45 × fck × b)

Assuming b = flange width = 1200 mm

Step 3: Calculate Mu
Let’s calculate Xu and then Mu.

Xu = (0.95 × 1600 MPa × 2000 mm²) / (0.45 × 40 MPa × 1200 mm)

Xu = 140.74 mm

Mu = 0.95 × 1600 MPa × 2000 mm² × (1600 mm – 0.42 × 140.74 mm)

Mu = 4.37 × 10^9 Nmm
Mu = 4370 kNm

The ultimate flexural strength of the unbounded Tee section is approximately 4370 kNm.

Q9. Given data

Slab size = 6 m × 8 m
- Live load = 3 kN/m²
- Cables: 4 wires of 5 mm diameter, stressed to 1000 N/mm²

Step 1: Determine the slab thickness

Assuming a slab thickness of 150-200 mm for a span of 6-8 m.

Let’s assume a slab thickness of 180 mm.

Step 2: Calculate the total load

Total load = Dead load + Live load
Dead load = Self-weight of slab = 25 kN/m³ × 0.18 m = 4.5 kN/m²
Total load = 4.5 kN/m² + 3 kN/m² = 7.5 kN/m²

Step 3: Calculate the number of cables

To calculate the number of cables, we need to determine the required prestressing force.

Let’s assume a prestressing force of 1-2 MPa for a two-way slab.

Required prestressing force = 1.5 MPa × (6 m × 8 m × 0.18 m)

= 1296 kN

Step 4: Calculate the number of cables

Area of one cable = 4 × π × (5 mm / 2)² = 78.54 mm²
Force per cable = 78.54 mm² × 1000 N/mm² = 78.54 kN

Number of cables = Required prestressing force / Force per cable

= 1296 kN / 78.54 kN
= 16.5

Let’s assume 18 cables (9 in each direction) to account for losses and ensure adequate
prestressing.