PERIODIC TABLE
IMPORTANT FACTS TO REMEMBER
1. Lowest electronegativity : Cs
2. Highest electronegativity : F
3. Highest ionisation potential : He
4. Lowest ionisation potential : Cs
5. Lowest electron affinity : Noble gases
6. Highest electron affinity : Chlorine
7. Least electropositive element : F
8. Lowest m. pt. metal : Hg
9. Highest m. pt. and b. pt. metal : W (Tungsten)
10. Lowest m. pt. and b. pt. non metal : He
11. Notorious element : Hydrogen
12. Lightest element : Hydrogen
13. Smallest atomic size : H
14. Largest atomic size : Cs
15. Largest anionic size : I–
16. Smallest cation : H+
17. Most electropositive element : Cs
18. Element with electronegativity
next to Fluorine : Oxygen
19. Group containing maximum no.
of gaseous elements in periodic table : Zero group
20. Total number of gaseous elements
in periodic table : 11 (H, N, O, F, Cl, He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe,
Rn)
21. Total number of liquid elements in
periodic table : 6 (Ga, Br, Cs, Hg, Fr, Uub)
22. Smallest anion : F–
23. Liquid element of radioactive nature : Fr
24. Total number of radioactive elements in
periodic table : 25
25. Volatile d-block elements : Zn, Cd, Hg, Uub
26. Element containing no neutron : H
27. Most aboundant element on earth : Oxygen
28. Rarest element on earth : At (astatine)
29. Most aboundant metal on earth : Al
30. Element having maximum tendency
for catenation : Carbon
31. Non metal having highest m. pt., b. pt. : Carbon (diamond)
32. Metals showing highest oxidation number : Os (+8)
33. Most electrovalent compound : CsF
34. Most stable carbonate : Cs2CO3
35. Strongest alkali : CsOH
36. Strongest basic oxide : Cs2O
37. Best electricity conductor among metals : Ag
38. Best electricity conductor among non metals : graphite
39. Most poisonous element : Pu (Plutonium)
40. Liquid non metals : Br
41. Element kept in water : Phosphorous
42. Elements kept in kerosene : IA group element (except Li)
43. Elements sublime on heating : I2
44. Noble metals : Au, Pt. etc.
45. Amphoteric metal : Be, Zn, Al, Sn, Pb
46. Amphoteric non metal : Si
47. Metalloids elements : B, Si, As, Te, At, Ge, Sb
48. Non metals having metallic lusture : Graphite, Iodine
49. Heaviest naturally occuring element : Uranium
50. Poorest conductor of electricity : Diamond
51. Hardest naturally occuring element : Diamond
52. Lightest solid metal : Li
53. Amphoteric oxides : BeO, Al2O3, ZnO, PbO, PbO2, SnO, SnO2,
Sb2O3, As3O3 etc.
54. Neutral oxides of non metals : NO, CO, H2O, N2O
55. Dry bleacher : H2O2
56. Dry ice : Solid CO2
57. First man made element : Tc43 (Technicium)
58. Smallest period : Ist (2 elements)
59. Largest period in periodic table : 6th (32 elements)
60. Largest group in periodic table : IIIB (32 elements)
61. Most abundant d-block metal : Fe
62. Most abundant s-block metal : Ca
63. Highest density (Metals) : Os, Ir
64. Highest density (Non Metals) : Boron
65. Most abundant gas in atmosphere : Nitrogen
66. Most abundant element in the universe : Hydrogen
Important Points :
(a) 2nd period elements (Li, Be, B) Shows diagonal relationship with 3rd period elements
(Mg, Al, Si), so (Li, Be, B) are called Bridge elements. Because of same ionic potential
(Ionic potential = Charge/Radius) value they shows similarity in properties.
Li Be B
Na Mg Al Si
rd
(b) 3 period elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl) are called typical elements becuase they
represent the properties of other element of their respective group.
(c) In 6th period all types of elements are included (s, p, d & f)
(d) No inert gas in 7th period.
(e) Normal elements present in all periods.
(f) Atomic No. of last inert gas element is 86.
(g) Long form of modern periodic table can be divided into four portions.
1. Left portion – IA & IIA – s-block.
2. Right portion – IIIA to VIIA + O group – p-block.
3. Middle portion – IIIB to VIIB + VIII + IB IIB – d-block.
4. Bottom portion – IIIB – f-block elements
(h) The group containing most electro positive elements – IA GROUP
(i) The group containing most electro negative elements – VIIA GROUP
(j) The group containing maximum number of gaseous elements – ZERO (18th) GROUP
(k) The group in which elements have generally ZERO valency – (18th) GROUP ZERO
(l) In the periodic table –
Number of Gaseous elements - 11 (H, N, O, F, Cl + Noble gases)
Number of Liquid elements - 6 (Cs, Fr, Ga, Hg, Br, Uub)
Bromine is the only non-metal which exists in liquid form.
Number of Solid elements - 89 (if discovered elements are 105)
- 95 (if discovered elements are 112)
(m) No p-block elements in 1 and 7th periods.
st
(n) Ist period has all the elements in gaseous form (H, He)
(o) 0/18 group have all the elements in gaseous form.
(p) 2nd period contains maximum number of gaseous elements. They are 4 : N, O, F, Ne
(q) IIIB/3rd group is called longest group having 32 elements including 14 Lanthanides and
14 Actinides
Sc
Y
La ............... Lanthanides (14)
Ac ............... Actinides (14)
(r) Magic Numbers –
Knowing the at. no. of the first member of a group, we can write that at. no. of the subsequent
elements by adding given magic no. 2,8,18,32,..
Extended or Long Form of the Periodic Table
s-Block Elements
p-Block Elements
Metals Noble gases 0
IA
Group (18)
(1)
1
Non metals 2
Period
H IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA He
1.0079 IIA 4.0026
1 Hydrogen Metalloids (13) (14) (15) (16) (17)
(2) Helium
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 Li Be b C N O F Ne
6.940 9.0122 d-Block Elements 10.811 12.011 14.007 15.999 18.998 20.180
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Nitrogen Fluorine Neon
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
VIII
3 Na Mg IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB IB IIB Al Si P S Cl Ar
22.990 24.305 6.982 28.086 30.974 32.066 35.453 39.948
Sodium Magnesium (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) Aluminium Silicon Phosporus Sulphur Chlorine ARgon
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.098 40.078 44.956 47.867 50.941 51.996 54.938 55.847 58.933 58.693 63.9546 65.39 62.723 72.61 74.922 78.96 79.904 83.80
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chrominum Magnanese Iron Cobolt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd ln Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.468 87.62 88.936 91.224 92.906 95.94 98 101.07 102.91 106.42 107.87 112.41 114.82 118.71 121.76 127.60 126.90 131.29
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
6 Cs Ba La* Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Ti Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.91 137.33 138..91 178.49 180.95 183.84 186.21 190.23 192.22 195.08 196.97 200.59 204.59 207.2 208.98 210 210 222
Cesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantaium Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Rdon
87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
7 Fr Ra Ac** Unq Unp Unh Uns Uno Une Uun Uuu Uub Uut Uuq Uup Uuh Uus Uuo
223 226 227 263 268 266 272 277 276 281 280 285 283 289 288 292 294 295
Francium Radium Actinium Unnilquadium Unnilpentium Unnilhexium Unnilseptium Unniloctium Unnilennium Ununnilium Unununium Ununbium Ununtrium Ununquadium Ununpentium Ununhexium Ununseptium Ununoctium
f-Block Elements
58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
6 *Lanthanide Series Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
140.12 140.91 144.24 145 150.36 151.96 157.25 158.93 162.50 164.93 167.26 168.93 17.07 174.97
Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
**Actinide Series Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
7 232.04 231.04 238.03 237 244 243 247 247 251 252 257 258 529 262
Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Califonium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
IUPAC designations of groups of elements are given in brackets
GENERAL TREND OF DIFFERENT PROPERTIES IN THE PERIOD AND
GROUPS
PERIODS
Atomic radius Decreases
Ionisation potential Increases
Electronegativity Increases
Electron affinity Increases
Covalent character of halides Increases
G Increases
Metallic character Decreases
Decreases
Decreases Oxidising nature Increases
R Decreases Reducing nature Decreases
Decreases Screening effect Increases
O Increases Effective nuclear charge (Zef) Increases
Decreases Valency w.r.t. Oxygen Increases
U Increases
Incerases Basic character of hydroxides Decreases
Constant Basic character of hydrides Decreases
P Constant
Basic character of Oxides Decreases
(Metals) Increases
Strength of oxy acids Increases
S (Non metal) Decreases (Metals) Increases
Thermal stability of sulphate Decreases
Increases
Thermal stability of carbonates Decreases
Decreases
Thermal stability of nitrate Decreases
Increases
Increases Thermal stability of hydroxide Decreases
Increases Density First increases then decreases
Increases Electro positively Decrease
Increases
Increases
