Cambridge International AS & A Level
CHEMISTRY 9701/22
Paper 2 AS Level Structured Questions May/June 2024
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 60
Published
This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the
examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the
details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have
considered the acceptability of alternative answers.
Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report f or
Teachers.
Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.
Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes f or the May/June 2024 series f or most
Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge International A and AS Level and Cambridge Pre-U components, and some
Cambridge O Level components.
This document consists of 14 printed pages.
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9701/22 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2024
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Generic Marking Principles
These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the
specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptions for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these
marking principles.
GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:
Marks must be awarded in line with:
• the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
• the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
• the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.
GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:
Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).
GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:
Marks must be awarded positively:
• marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond
the scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
• marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
• marks are not deducted for errors
• marks are not deducted for omissions
• answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the
question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous.
GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:
Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level
descriptors.
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GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5:
Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may
be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen).
GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:
Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or
grade descriptors in mind.
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Science-Specific Marking Principles
1 Examiners should consider the context and scientific use of any keywords when awarding marks. Although keywords may be present, marks
should not be awarded if the keywords are used incorrectly.
2 The examiner should not choose between contradictory statements given in the same question part, and credit should not be awarded for
any correct statement that is contradicted within the same question part. Wrong science that is irrelevant to the question should be ignored.
3 Although spellings do not have to be correct, spellings of syllabus terms must allow for clear and unambiguous separation from other
syllabus terms with which they may be confused (e.g. ethane / ethene, glucagon / glycogen, refraction / reflection).
4 The error carried forward (ecf) principle should be applied, where appropriate. If an incorrect answer is subsequently used in a scientifically
correct way, the candidate should be awarded these subsequent marking points. Further guidance will be included in the mark scheme
where necessary and any exceptions to this general principle will be noted.
5 ‘List rule’ guidance
For questions that require n responses (e.g. State two reasons …):
• The response should be read as continuous prose, even when numbered answer spaces are provided.
• Any response marked ignore in the mark scheme should not count towards n.
• Incorrect responses should not be awarded credit but will still count towards n.
• Read the entire response to check for any responses that contradict those that would otherwise be credited. Credit should not be
awarded for any responses that are contradicted within the rest of the response. Where two responses contradict one another, this
should be treated as a single incorrect response.
• Non-contradictory responses after the first n responses may be ignored even if they include incorrect science.
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6 Calculation specific guidance
Correct answers to calculations should be given full credit even if there is no working or incorrect working, unless the question states ‘show
your working’.
For questions in which the number of significant figures required is not stated, credit should be awarded for correct answers when rounded
by the examiner to the number of significant figures given in the mark scheme. This may not apply to measured values.
For answers given in standard form (e.g. a × 10n) in which the convention of restricting the value of the coefficient (a) to a value between 1
and 10 is not followed, credit may still be awarded if the answer can be converted to the answer given in the mark scheme.
Unless a separate mark is given for a unit, a missing or incorrect unit will normally mean that the final calculation mark is not awarded.
Exceptions to this general principle will be noted in the mark scheme.
7 Guidance for chemical equations
Multiples / fractions of coefficients used in chemical equations are acceptable unless stated otherwise in the mark scheme.
State symbols given in an equation should be ignored unless asked for in the question or stated otherwise in the mark scheme.
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Question Answer Marks
1(a) 2
Mg2+ 24 12 10
Al3+ 27 13 10
4 correct = 2 marks
2 or 3 correct = 1 mark
0 or 1 correct = 0 marks
1(b) M1 it / Al 3+ is smaller (compared to Mg2+) 3
M2 greater nuclear attraction for remaining electrons
M3 same shielding effect AND greater nuclear charge
1(c) positively charged ions 1
delocalised electrons
labelled diagram shows:
• regular arrangement of minimum of 2 × 2 circles containing + for positive ions
• AND surrounded by (sea of) delocalised electrons
1(d)(i) large amount of energy required to break bonds in giant covalent structure 1
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Question Answer Marks
1(d)(ii) 2
M1 all 3 melting points lower than Mg
M2 show melting point Cl < P < S
1(e)(i) 2
Na solid 10–14
S gas 0–4
4 correct = 2 marks
2 or 3 correct = 1 mark
0 or 1 correct = 0 marks
1(e)(ii) acid–base OR neutralisation 1
1(e)(iii) P4O10 + 6H2O → 4H3PO4 1
1(f)(i) reacts with both acids and bases OR shows both acidic and basic behaviour 1
1(f)(ii) Al (OH)3 + NaOH → NaAl (OH)4 1
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Question Answer Marks
2(a) 2
NaCl + H2O + CO 2
All three correct (2 marks) or two correct (1 mark):
• profile for endothermic reaction (include ‘hump’)
• arrow representing EA
• arrow representing ∆H OR (+) 27.2
2(b)(i) no more fizzing / effervescence stops 1
2(b)(ii) M1 calculate Q from = 50 × 4.18 × (26.2 – 19.6)) = 1379.(4) 3
M2 Use M1 to find energy change when 1 mol Na2CO3 / 2 mol HCl reacts
M1 ÷ 0.04 = 34485
M3 express Q as ∆H(1) in kJ mol–1 = – (value for M2) ÷ 1000
= –34.5 kJ mol–1
Alternative method
M1 evidence of use Q = mc∆T = 50 × 4.18 / 1000 × (26.2 – 19.6) = 1.3794
M2 Use M1 to find energy change when 1 mol Na2CO3 / 2 mol HCl reacts
M1 ÷ 0.04 = 34.485
M3 express Q as ∆H(1) in kJ mol –1 = – (value for M2) (expressed in kJ)
= –34.5 kJ mol–1
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Question Answer Marks
2(b)(iii) Using answer from 2(b)(ii) 2
(=) 2∆H2 – (∆H1)
(=) 2 × 27.2 – (2b(ii))
2 × 27.2 – (–34.50) = (+) 88.9 kJ mol–1
All three correct (2 marks) or two correct (1 mark):
• (27.2) – (–34.5) OR (27.2) – (2b(ii))
• 2 × 27.2 and 1 × 2b(ii)
• calculate correctly their expression
Using alternative value of ∆H1 = –38.4 kJ mol-1
∆Hr = (+)92.8 kJ mol–1 = 2 marks
2(c) Ca(NO3)2 → CaO + 2NO2 + ½O2 2
M1 correct formula for calcium nitrate: Ca(NO3)2
M2 correct balanced equation
Question Answer Marks
3(a) M1 rates of forward and reverse / backward reactions are equal 2
M2 no change in measurable properties OR concentration of reactants AND products remain constant
3(b)(i) M1 change to appearance of the mixture: (goes) darker red / more red 3
M2 change to relative concentration of Fe3+(aq): decreases
M3 change to the value of equilibrium constant, Kc : constant / none
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Question Answer Marks
3(b)(ii) Method 1 4
M1 conc of initial conc of Fe3+ and SCN– = 0.0020 (mol dm-3)
M2 at equilibrium the conc of Fe3+ and SCN– are (M1 – 0.000423)
M3 use 0.000423 ÷ (M1 – 0.000423)2 to calculate Kc = 170(.089)
M4 units = mol–1 dm3 OR dm3 mol-1
Method 2
M1 no mol FeSCN2+ = 4.23 × 10–4 × 25 / 1000 = 1.0575 × 10–5
M2 no mol Fe3+ and SCN– are (5 × 10–5 – M1) = 3.9425 × 10–5
M3 0.000423 ÷ (M2 × 1000 / 25)2 = 170(.089)
M4 units = mol–1 dm3 OR dm3 mol–1
3(c) full electronic configuration of Fe3+ 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 1
3(d) 2
M1 6 electrons between C and N AND 2 electrons between C and S
M2 3 lone pairs around S AND none around C AND 1 lone pair around N
Question Answer Marks
4(a) Three-dimensional stereoisomers of CH3(CH2)5CHBrCH3 2
Br Br
C H H C
H3C CH3
R R
M1 correct representation of left-hand answer as 3d structure of one of the enantiomers of CH3(CH2)5CHBrCH3
M2 correct representation of 3d structure of the second enantiomer of CH3(CH2)5CHBrCH3
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Question Answer Marks
4(b)
H H H 3
+ HO C (CH 2) 5CH 3
δ− Br Cδ+ (CH 2) 5CH 3 C (CH 2) 5CH 3
CH3 CH3 CH3
–
HO
(+ NaBr OR Br– )
M1 correct dipole (δ+C—Brδ–) AND curly arrow from bond of C—Br to Br (or just beyond)
M2 correct intermediate ALLOW R for –(CH2)5CH3
M3 curly arrow from lone pair on OH– to the C of intermediate (or suitable position where C–OH bond is made)
If SN2 mechanism shown:
Apply SN2 mechanism mark scheme only if mechanism shows OH / NaOH species attacking the reactant and no OH
M1 correct dipole (δ+C—Brδ–) AND curly arrow from bond of C—Br to Br of reactant (or just beyond)
NOT M2
M3 curly arrow from lone pair on :OH— to the appropriate C of the reactant
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Question Answer Marks
4(c) 3
Chemical observation with observation observation with
test 2-bromooctane with CH3(CH2)5CHCH2
octan-2-ol
Br2 in the orange / brown to
dark colourless
PCl 5 steamy
fumes
AgNO3(aq) cream precipitate
OR
off white precipitate
6 correct answers = 3 marks
4 or 5 correct answers = 2 marks
2 or 3 correct answers = 1 mark
0 or 1 correct answer = 0 marks
4(d)(i) elimination 1
4(d)(ii) NaOH / sodium hydroxide in ethanol 1
4(e)(i) 0 2 6 2
3 correct answers = 2 marks
2 correct answers = 1 mark
0 or 1 correct answers = 0 marks
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Question Answer Marks
4(e)(ii) M1 presence of a 𝜋𝜋 bond 3
M2 limited rotation of C=C bond
M3 EITHER
two different groups on each / both double bonded carbon atoms
OR
two different atoms on each / both double bonded carbon atom
OR
one H / atom and one alkyl group on each / both double bonded carbon atom
Question Answer Marks
5(a)(i) 100 × x 1
4= = 2.2
1.1× 50
5(a)(ii) M1 m / e = 29 C2H5+ 2
M2 m / e = 59 C3H7O+
5(b)(i) 1
absorption bond functional group containing the bond
A O–H hydroxy(l) / alcohol
B C=O carbonyl
5(b)(ii) 1
CH3CH2CO(CH3) OR
5(c)(i) hydroxyl 1
5(c)(ii) (1)C4H10O + (1)Na → C4H9ONa + ½H2 1
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Question Answer Marks
5(c)(iii) 1
OR
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