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IOQM-2025
Algebra DPQ-02

1. Suppose that real number x satisfies 5. The remainder when (1213 + 2313) is divided by 11.
49 − x2 − 25 − x2 = 3 . What is the value of
6. The zeros of the function f ( x ) = x 2 − ax + 2a are
49 − x + 25 − x ?
2 2
integers. What is the sum of the possible values of a
?
2. The roots of the polynomial 10x3 − 39x 2 + 29x − 6 are
7. Let P ( x ) be a polynomial with rational coefficients
the height, length, and width of a rectangular box
(right rectangular prism). A new rectangular box is such that when P ( x ) is divided by the polynomial
formed by lengthening each edge of the original box x 2 + x + 1 , the remainder is x + 2 , and when P ( x ) is
by 2 units. What is the volume of the new box?
divided by the polynomial x 2 + 1 , the remainder is
2x +1. There is a unique polynomial of least degree
3. What is the smallest possible natural number n for with these two properties. What is the sum of the
which the equation x 2 − nx + 2014 = 0 has integer squares of the coefficients of that polynomial?
roots?
8. For x 2 + 2x + 5 to be a factor of x4 + px2 + q ,find
4. Let P ( x ) be the unique polynomial of minimal the sum of values of p and q
degree with the following properties:
P ( x ) has a leading coefficient 1. 9. How many distinct values of = satisfy
1 is a root of P ( x ) −1. 2
 x  − 3x + 2 = 0 , where x  denotes the largest
2 is a root of P ( x − 2) integer less than or equal to x ?
3 is a root of P (3x ) and
10. Consider equations of the form x 2 + bx + c = 0 . How
4 is a root of 4P ( x ) . The roots of P ( x ) are integers,
many such equations have real roots and have
with one exception. The root that is not an integer can coefficient b and c selected from the set of integers
m {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}?
be written as , where m and n are relatively
n
prime integers. What is m + n ?

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Answer Key
DPQ -02
1. (08) 6. (16)
2. (30) 7. (23)
3. (91) 8. (31)
4. (47) 9. (04)
5. (02) 10. (19)

Hints and Solution

1. (08) 1 2
which simplifies to x = ,
In order to eliminate the square roots, we multiply 2 5
by the conjugate. Its value is the solution. The x 2 To find the new volume, we add 2 to each of the
terms cancel nicely. roots we found:

( 49 − x2 + 25 − x 2 )( 49 − x 2 − 25 − x 2 ) 1  2
(3 + 2). + 2 . + 2 
2  5


= 49 − x 2 − 25 + x 2 = 24 Simplifying, we find that the new volume is 30
Given that

( ) (
49 − x 2 − 25 − x 2 = 3, 49 − x 2 + 25 − x 2 ) 3. (91)
Let  and  be the roots
24   = 2014
= =8
3 Now, 2014 = 2 × 19 × 53
 Possible values of ( , ) are
2. (30)
(1, 2014), (–1, –2014), (2, 1007), (–2, –1007), (19,
3(Rational Root Theorem Bash) We can find the
106) or (–19, –106) or (38, 53) (–38, –53)
roots of the cubic using the Rational Root Theorem,
which tells us that the rational roots of the cubic Also, n =  + 
p  Least positive value of n as 38 + 53 = 91
must be in the form where p is a factor of the
q
4. (47)
constant ( −6) and q is a factor of the leading From the problem statement, we know
coefficient (10) . Therefore, p is  (1,2,3,6) and q P ( 2 − 2) = 0,P (9) = 0 and 4P ( 4) = 0 . Therefore,
is  (1,2,5,10) . Doing Synthetic Division, we find we know that 0, 9, and 4 are roots. So, we can
factor P ( x ) as x ( x − 9)( x − 4)( x − a ) , where a is
that 3 is a root of the cubic:
the unknown root. Since P ( x ) −1 = 0 , we plug in
x = 1 which gives 1( −8)( −3)(1 − a ) = 1 , therefore
24(1 − a ) = 1 1 − a = 1/ 24  a = 23/ 24 .
Then, we have a quadratic 10x2 – 9x + 2. Using the Therefore, our answer is 23 + 24 = 47
quadratic Formula, we can find the other two roots:
9 ( −9)2 − 4 (10) (2) 5. (02)
x= 1213
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 It can be written as 111a +12 = 101b + 21 = P ( x ).
(12 12 12 12.......13times ) We add 111 and 101 to each side and balance
11 respectively:
On dividing it gives remainder 1, each time. 111( a −1) + 123 = 101( b −1) + 122 = P ( x ).
1 × 1 × 1 × 1...... 13 times We make the unit's digits equal:
So, final remainder will be 1 111( a −1) +123 = 101( b − 2) + 223 = P ( x ).
2313
 Remainder 1 We now notice that:
11
111( a −11) + 1233 = 101( b −12) + 1233 = P( x ).
Thus,
Therefore a = 11x = x + 1,b = 12x = x + 2 , and
(1213 + 2313 )
The remainder of = (1 + 1) = 2 P ( x ) = 1233x = x3 + 2x2 + 3x + 3,3 is the minimal
11
degree of P ( x ) since there is no way to influence
6. (16) the x 's digit in 101b + 21 when b is an integer.
By the quadratic formula, the foots r can be The desired sum is 12 + 22 + 32 + 32 = 23
represented by
a  a 2 − 8a 8. (31)
r=
2 Given that x 2 + 2x + 5 is a factor of x4 + px2 + q .
a 2 − 8a a Then, the other factor will be of the form
For r  ,a  , since and will have
2 2 x 2 − 2x + 5 .
different mantissas (mantissae?). Now,
Now observe the discriminant x 2 + 2x + 5x 2 − 2x + 5
a 2 − 8a = a ( a − 8) and have two cases. = x 4 − 2x3 + 5x 2 + 2x3 − 4x 2 + 10x + 5x 2 − 10x + 25
Positive a = x 4 − 2x3 + 2x3 + 5x 2 + 5x 2 − 4x 2 + 10x − 10x + 25
a  8 and a  0 , since 1  a  7 gives imaginary = x 4 + 6x 2 + 25
roots. Testing positive a values, quickly see that
a  9 . After 16 and 36, the difference between the Hence, x4 + px2 + q = x4 + 6x2 + 25 .
closest nonzero factor pairs of perfect squares Hence, the values of p & q are 6 & 25,
exceeds 8. For 8  a  9,a = 8,9 . Checking both respectively.
yields an integer.
Negative a 9. (04)
We can instead test with −a (8 − a ) . If b = 8 − a , To further grasp at this equation, we rearrange the
equation into
we have our original expression. Thus, for the same 2
reasons, b = 8,9  8,9 = 8 − a,a = −1 (0 does not  x  = 3x − 2.
affect the answer). −1 + 8 + 9 = 16 16 Thus, 3x − 2 is a perfect square and nonnegative. It
is now much more spparent that x  2 / 3 , and that
7. (23) x = 2 / 3 is a solution Additionally, by observing
Solution 1 (Experimentation) 2
the RHS, x  4 , as  4  3  4 since squares grow
Given that all the answer choices and coefficients
are integers, we hope that P ( x ) has positive integer quicker than linear functions.
Now that we have narrowed down our search we
coefficients.
Throughout this solution, we will express all can simply test for intervals
polynomials in base x . E.g. x 2 + x + 1 = 111 . We {2 / 3,1,1, 2 , 2,3 , 3, 4) . This intuition to use
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are given: intervals stems from the fact that x = 1, 2 are
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 observable integral solutions. Notice how there is 10. (19)
only one solution per interval, as 3x − 2 increases The discriminant of the quadratic is b2 – 4c. Since
while [ x]2 stays the same. the quadratic has real roots,
Finally, we see that x = 3 does not work, however, b 2 − 4c  0
2
through setting  x  = 9, x = 11/ 3 is a solution b2  4c
If b = 6, then can be from 1 to 6. If b = 5, then c can
and within our domain of 3, 4) . also be from 1 to 6. If b = 4, then c can be from 1 to
2 11  4 if b = 3, then c can be 1 or 2. If b = 2, then a can
This provides us with solutions  ,1, 2, , thus
3 
only be! If b = 1, no values of a in the set would
3 work. Thus there are a total of 19 equations that
the final answer is 4. work. The answer is

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