Assignment 4
Q. 1 For each thin lens shown in
Fig. 1, calculate the location of the
image of an object that is 18.0 cm
to the left of the lens. The lens
material has a refractive index of
1.50, and the radii of curvature
shown are only the magnitudes
Q. 2 A small tropical fish is at the center of a water-filled, spherical fish bowl 28.0 cm in
diameter. (a) Find the apparent position and magnification of the fish to an observer outside the
bowl. The effect of the thin walls of the bowl may be ignored. (b) Afriend advised the owner of
the bowl to keep it out of direct sunlight to avoid blinding the fish, which might swim into the
focal point of the parallel rays from the sun. Is the focal point actually
within the bowl?
Q. 3 A reflecting telescope (Fig. 3) is to be made by using a spherical
mirror with a radius of curvature of 1.30 m and an eyepiece with a focal
length of 1.10 cm. The final image is at infinity. (a) What should the
distance between the eyepiece and the mirror vertex be if the object is
taken to be at infinity? (b) What will the angular magnification be?
Q. 4 Rays from a lens are converging
toward a point image P located to the
right of the lens. What thickness t of glass
with index of refraction 1.60 must be
interposed between the lens and P for the
image to be formed at P/ located 0.30 cm
to the right of P? The locations of the
piece of glass and of points P and P/ are
shown in Fig 4.
Q. 5 A lens obeys Snell’s law, bending light rays at each surface an amount determined by the
index of refraction of the lens and the index of the medium in which the lens is located. (a)
Instead of air, consider instead a thin lens immersed in a liquid with refractive index nliq. Prove
that the focal length f /is then given by lens maker’s formula with n replaced by n/nliq (b) A thin
lens with index n has focal length f in vacuum. Use the result of part (a) to show that when this
lens is immersed in a liquid of index nliq, it will have a new focal length given by
Q. 6 A 16.0-cm-long pencil is placed at a 45o
angle, with its center 15.0 cm above the optic axis
and 45.0 cm from a lens with a 20.0-cm focal length
as shown in Fig. Assume that the diameter of the lens
is large enough for the paraxial approximation to be
valid. (a) Where is the image of the pencil? (Give the
location of the images of the points A, B, and C on
the object, which are located at the eraser, point, and
center of the pencil, respectively.) (b) What is the
length of the image (that is, the distance between the
images of points A and B)? (c) Show the orientation
of the image in a sketch.
Q. 7 A camera lens has a focal length of 180.0 mm and an aperture diameter of 16.36 mm. (a)
what is the -number of the lens? (b) If the correct exposure of a certain scene is 1/30 s at f /11,
what is the correct exposure at f /2.8?
Q. 8 Figure shows a simple
version of a zoom lens. The
converging lens has focal length and
the diverging lens has focal length
f1, and the diverging lens has focal
length f2 = - f2. The two lenses are
separated by a variable distance d
that is always less than f1. Also, the
magnitude of the focal length of the
diverging lens satisfies the inequality f2 (ƒ1 – d). To determine the effective focal length of
the combination lens, consider a bundle of parallel rays of radius ro entering the converging lens.
(a) Show that the radius of the ray bundle decreases to ro/ = ro(ƒ1 – d) / ƒ1at the point that it enters
the diverging lens. (b) Show that the final image I/ is formed a distance s2/ = f2 (ƒ1 – d) /( f2 -
ƒ1 + d) to the right of the diverging lens. (c) If the rays that emerge from the diverging lens and
reach the final image point are extended backward to the left of the diverging lens, they will
eventually expand to the original radius ro at some point Q. The distance from the final image I/
to the point Q is the effective focal length f of the lens combination; if the combination were
replaced by a single lens of focal length f placed at Q, parallel rays would still be brought to a
focus at I/. Show that the effective focal length is given by f = f1 f2 /( f2 - ƒ1 + d) (d) If ƒ1 =
12.0 cm, ƒ2 = - 18.0 cm and the separation d is adjustable between 0 and 4.0 cm, find the
maximum and minimum focal lengths of the combination. What value of d gives f = 30.0 cm?
