Simple Scheme for

differentiation
between solid
compounds

if the acidity test is not acid if the acidity test is acid If solution +FeCl3 gives - ve it is
not phenol

Solubility in water Solution +FeCl3 Exp

Test of hydrocarbon (picrate test) Test of ketones 2,4- di nitro phenyl hydrazine
test
Obs is In soluble in water Obs is Soluble in water Obs is Dark color Nitration test n-solution +FeCl3 Nitration test Acidity test
Obs is Red crystals Obs is Yellow crystals
Obs is Orange or red crystals
May be α- naphthol or β-naphthol May be catechol, pyrogalol, hydroquinol, it is phenolic compound Obs is -ve Obs Violet color Obs Buff ppt. Obs is +ve Obs is +ve
(differentiate between them) resorcinol (differentiate between them) Res is It is anthracene Res is It is naphthalene
Res is It is benzophenone
Res is It is aliphatic acid Res is It is salicylic acid Res is May be benzoic acid or cinnamic acid Res is It is aromatic acid Res is It is an acid
May be oxalic acid, tartaric acid or citric acid or phthalic acid
(differentiate between them)
 Simple Scheme for
differentiation
between miscible
liquids

If iodoform test – ve If Schiff ̓ s test – ve it is not If acidity test - ve it is not an acid If esterification with salicylic acid - Acidity test
aldehyde ve

Esterification with salicylic acid Schiff ̓ s test Obs is +ve

Iodoform test Borax test

Obs is Ester odor Obs is Pink color Res is It is acid

Yellow crystals on hot Yellow crystals on cold Red color May be acetic or formic acid

Res is It is methyl alcohol Res is It is aldehyde may be formaldehyde or

Res is It is ethyl alcohol Res is It is acetone acetaldehyde Res is glycerol
 Simple Scheme for
differentiation
between miscible
liquids

If Solution + FeCl3 Ve it is not If Schiff ̓ s test – ve not aldehyde Schiff ̓ s test

phenol

Solution + FeCl3 Test of ketones 2,4- di nitro phenyl hydrazine Obs is Pink color
Freezing test test

Obs is Dark color Res is It is Salicyaldehyde

Obs is Ve- Obs is Gives solid Obs is Orange or red crystals

Res is It is phenol
Res is It is toluene Res is It is benzene Res is It is acetophenone
 Simple Scheme for
differentiation
between solid
compounds

If Azo dye test – ve not Primary Solution + FeCl Acidity test Azo dye test Nitration test
aromatic amine

Obs is Blue color Yellow color Obs is -ve Obs is +ve Obs is +ve Obs is -ve
Reaction with nitrous acid Obs is +ve

α- naphthyl amine p-toludine It is not Anthranilic acid or p- amino benzoic It is Anthranilic acid or p-amino benzoic Aromatic amine Aliphatic amine (glycine)
Yellow color acid acid Primary aromatic amine May be Anthranilic
acid or p- amino benzoic acid or α- naphthyl
amine or p-toludine
It is di phenyl amine
 Simple Scheme for
differentiation
between liquids.

Solution + FeCl3 Azo dye test If Azo dye test – ve it is not

Primary aromatic amine

brown color bale green color

Obs is +ve liquid +HNO3

O-toluidine Aniline
Primary aromatic amine Deep green color
May be Aniline or o-toluidine

N,N) Di methyl aniline