CETRAN30: Fundamentals of Transportation
Engineering
Module 3: TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
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Traffic Management is a term used to embody
the activities undertaken by a highway
transportation agency to improve roadway
system safety, efficiency, and effectiveness for
both providers and consumers of
transportation services.
The are two distinct types of traffic
management:
➢ Utilizing traditional traffic engineering
tools or simple devices;
➢ Advanced technology through Intelligent
Transportation System (ITS)
Traffic regulation must cover all aspects of the control of both vehicle (registration,
ownership, mechanical fitness, accessories, size, weight) and driver (age, ability to operate
specific types of vehicles, financial responsibility).
Fundamental requirements for an effective traffic regulation:
➢ Regulations should be rational
➢ Regulations should be developed progressively
➢ Regulations alone often are not enough
Three Elements of Road System:
➢ The Road
Road/
➢ The Vehicle Environment
➢ The Driver
The road and vehicle may be subject to constant
change and improvement. However, in a given
period of time, they may be considered inflexible. Vehicle
Human/
Driver
The major portion of existing regulations are
therefore aimed at the driver.
Three distinct functional groups of traffic control devices:
➢ Regulatory Devices - These have the authority of law
and impose precise requirements upon the action of
the road user.
➢ Warning Devices – These are used to inform road users
of potentially hazardous roadway conditions or unusual
traffic movements that are not readily apparent to
passing traffic.
➢ Guiding Devices – These are employed simply to inform
the road user of direction, destination, and other
pertinent information.
Four (4) Elementary Requirements of Every Traffic Control Device:
➢ It should compel attention.
➢ It should convey a simple clear meaning at a glance.
➢ It should allow adequate time for easy response.
➢ It should command the respect of the road users for whom it is intended.
Every traffic control must meet all these requirements in a logical sequence. The
effectiveness of a sign or marking normally depends on its size, color contrast, shape,
relative position, and maintenance to compel attention.
ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
Uniformity of design includes shape, color, dimension, symbols, wording,
lettering, and illumination.
Shape
• Equilateral triangular shape with one side horizontal shall be used for
danger warning signs.
• Round shape shall be used for regulating traffic.
• Rectangular shape shall be used for informative signs.
• Octagonal shape shall be used for STOP signs only.
• Inverted equilateral triangle shall be used for YIELD signs only.
Color
• Danger warning signs shall have a yellow or white background with black
symbols and red border.
• Prohibitory signs and restrictive signs shall have a white background with
black symbols and red border.
• Mandatory signs except YIELD and STOP signs shall have a blue
background and white symbols.
Size
• Refer to the DPWH Yellow Book for dimensions of various traffic signs.
Classification of Signs
• Regulatory Signs (Type R)
• Warning Signs (Type W)
• Guide Signs or Informative Signs (Type G)
• Signs for Expressways (Type GE)
• Signs for Special Purposes (Type S)
• Hazard Markers (Type HM)
Letters
Lateral Positioning of Road Signs
EXAMPLE:
Refer to DPWH Yellow Book, Page A138,
Modified Series E Letter and Numeral
Dimensions.
Letter and Number Width for Modified Series E: (Page A138)
Letter and Number Width for Modified Series E: (Page A142)
Spacing for Modified Series E: (Page A145)
Spacing for Modified Series E: (Page A145)
PAVEMENT MARKINGS:
PAVEMENT MARKINGS:
RAISED PAVEMENT MARKERS:
Raised pavement markers are small rectangular or dome-
shaped devices that are fixed to the pavement surface to
simulate or supplement painted pavement markings.
Because of the high cost of installation and maintenance, use
of raised pavement markings may be considered only in
accident-prone areas.
Hazard markers are rectangular and generally consist of a series
of alternating black and white bands. The white portion is
always reflectorized material and may cover only the central
portion of each white band in order to achieve a balance
between the areas of black and white under headlight
illumination.
Delineators are small reflective panels or buttons mounted on
guide posts or guard fences as an effective aid for night driving.
Delineators are made of reflective material capable of
reflecting light clearly visible under normal atmospheric
conditions from a distance of 300-500 m when illuminated by
the upper beam of a standard automobile head lamp.
