DESCRIBING DATA
(NUMERICAL METHOD)
STA104
MEASURE OF CENTRAL TENDENCY FOR UNGROUPED AND
GROUPED DATA
MEAN MEDIAN MODE
MEASURE OF CENTRAL TENDENCY FOR UNGROUPED
DATA
MEDIAN MODE
MEAN -middle -the value that
number in the occurs most
dataset often
MEAN
MEAN FOR UNGROUPED DATA- EXAMPLE
The data show the number of patients in a sample of six hospitals who
acquired an infection while hospitalized. Find the mean.
110 76 29 38 105 31
Solution :
110+76+29+38+105+31
6
Interpretation : On the average, the number of patients who acquired an
infection while hospitalized is _______.
MEDIAN FOR UNGROUPED DATA
❑ if n is odd, select the middle data value as median.
❑ if n is even, find the mean of the two middle values. That is, add them and divide the
sum by 2.
FINDING THE MEDIAN:
STEP 1 : Arrange the data values in ascending order.
STEP 2 : Located the position of median; position of median =( n+1)/2
STEP 3 : Find the median value
MEDIAN FOR UNGROUPED DATA- EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE 1 :
The number of police officers killed in the line of duty over the last 11 years is shown.
Find the median.
177 153 122 141 189 155 162 165 149 157 240
FIRST METHOD SECOND METHOD
Arrange the data in ascending order: • Arrange the data in ascending order:
122 141 149 153 155 157 162 165 177 189 240
122 141 149 153 155 157 162 165 177 189 240
• Find the position of median :
Position of median = (11+1)/2 = 6th
MEDIAN This means that median is located at 6th position
122 141 149 153 155 157 162 165 177 189 240
Interpretation : 50% of number of police officers c
killed in the line of duty over the last 11 years is 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th
less than 157 while another 50% is more than Median = 157
MEDIAN FOR UNGROUPED DATA
EXAMPLE 2 :
The number of tornadoes that have occurred in the United States over an 8-year period follows. Find the
median.
684 764 656 702 856 1133 1132 1303
FIRST METHOD SECOND METHOD
Arrange the data in ascending order: • Arrange the data in ascending order:
656 684 702 764 856 1132 1133 1303
684 764 656 702 856 1133 1132 1303
• Find the position of median :
656 684 702 764 856 1132 1133 1303
Position of median = (8+1)/2 = 4.5th
This means that median is located at 4.5 th position
(between 4th position and 5th position)
Since we have two middle values so 656 684 702 764 856 1132 1133 1303
to find median , find the mean of
the two middle values; 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
median = (764+856)/2
MODE FOR UNGROUPED DATA - EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE 1
Find the mode of signing bonuses of eight NFL players for a specific year. The bonuses in
millions of dollars are
18.0 14.0 34.5 10 11.3 10 12.4 10
Mode = 10
Interpretation : mostly, NFL players earned 10 million dollars signing bonuses.
EXAMPLE 2
The data show the number of licensed nuclear reactors in the United States for a recent 15-year
period. Find the mode.
104 107 109 104 109 111 104 109 112 104 109 111 104 110 109
Mode = 104 and 109
Interpretation :
