PRIYA MANDAL
RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT
INDUSTRIES
1. Define industry.
Answer:
An industry is an economic activity concerned with the production of goods, extraction of
minerals, or the provision of services. For example, iron and steel manufacturing, coal mining,
and banking services.
2. Which are the main factors influencing the location of an industry?
Answer:
The main factors influencing the location of an industry include:
Raw material availability
Land
Water
Labor
Power
Capital
Transport
Market These factors help industries to operate more efficiently and reduce production
costs.
3. Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of modern industry and why?
Answer:
The iron and steel industry is often referred to as the backbone of modern industry because it
provides basic raw materials like steel, which are essential for various other industries, including
automobiles, construction, engineering, and machinery.
4. Why is the cotton textile industry located mainly in Gujarat and Maharashtra?
Answer:
The cotton textile industry is mainly located in Gujarat and Maharashtra because of the
availability of raw cotton, suitable humid climate, skilled labor, proximity to markets, and well-
developed transportation facilities in these states. Additionally, their proximity to ports facilitates
the export of textile products.
5. Name any three physical factors and three human factors that affect the location of
industries.
Answer:
Physical Factors:
Availability of raw materials
Suitable climate
Water supply
Human Factors:
Availability of labor
Proximity to markets
Capital availability
6. What is the difference between a basic industry and a consumer industry?
Answer:
Basic Industry: A basic industry provides raw materials for other industries and plays a
foundational role in the industrial chain. For example, the iron and steel industry supplies
steel to other sectors like construction and automobile manufacturing.
Consumer Industry: A consumer industry produces goods directly used by consumers.
Examples include the food processing and textile industries, which produce goods like
packaged food and clothing for direct consumption.
7. What are the inputs, processes, and outputs of the industrial system?
Answer:
Inputs: Raw materials, labor, capital, machinery, power, and infrastructure.
Processes: Activities that convert raw materials into finished products, such as
manufacturing and assembly.
Outputs: The final products and by-products distributed to consumers or other industries.
8. What is the importance of manufacturing industries for the economic development of a
country?
Answer:
Manufacturing industries are crucial for economic development because they create
employment, contribute to GDP, stimulate exports, reduce reliance on imported goods, support
infrastructure growth, and encourage technological advancements. They provide a foundation for
a self-sustaining economy
INTEXT QUESTIONS
What is the difference between the agro-based and mineral-based industries?
Agro-based industries use agricultural products as raw materials (e.g., textile), while
mineral-based industries use minerals (e.g., iron and steel).
How does the availability of raw materials affect industry location?
Industries tend to locate near raw materials to reduce transportation costs and ensure a
steady supply.
Why are industries located near markets?
Proximity to markets reduces transportation costs and ensures timely distribution of
products.
What role does climate play in the location of industries?
Certain industries, like textiles, require specific climates, such as humidity, which
supports production quality.
Name two key industries that require abundant water supply.
The textile and paper industries require large amounts of water for processing and
production.
Why is power supply crucial for industries?
Consistent power is essential for running machinery and ensuring uninterrupted
production.
What is the cottage industry? Give an example.
A cottage industry is a small-scale industry often run at home, like handicrafts or
weaving.
How do transport facilities influence industrial location?
Good transport helps in moving raw materials to factories and finished goods to markets
efficiently.
What are information technology industries?
These industries deal with the development, support, and management of computer
software, systems, and services.
Why is the iron and steel industry known as a basic industry?
It supplies essential materials like steel to other industries, forming the foundation of
industrial development
