Ex.

No:1
1. ESTIMATION OF FERROUS SULPHATE (FeSO4)
Date:
Aim:
To Estimate the amount of ferrous sulphate dissolved in 750 ml of the given unknown
solution volumetrically. For this you are given with a standard solution of ferrous ammonium
sulphate (FAS) of normality 0.1102N and potassium permanganate solution as link solution.
Short procedure:
S. no Content Titration - I Titration - II
1. Burette solution KMnO4 link solution KMnO4 link solution
2. Pipette solution 20 ml of std FAS solution 20 ml of unknown FeSO4
solution
3. Acid to be added 20 ml of 2N H2SO4 (approx) 20 ml of 2N H2SO4 (approx)
4. Temperature Lab temperature Lab temperature
5. Indicator Self- indicator (KMnO4) Self - indicator (KMnO4)
6. End point Appearance of permanent pale Appearance of permanent
pink colour pale pink colour
7. Equivalent weight of FeSO4 = 278

Titration - I
Std FAS solution Vs KMnO4 link solution:
S. Volume of std Burette reading Volume of Concordant
no FAS solution KMnO4 value
(ml) Initial (ml) Final (ml) solution (ml) (ml)

1. 20 0 19.5 19.5
19.5
2. 20 0 19.5 19.5

Calculation:
Volume of Std FAS solution (V1) = 20 ml
Normality of Std FAS solution (N1) = 0.1102 N
Volume of KMnO4 link solution (V2) = 19.5 ml
Normality of KMnO4 link solution (N2) = ?

According to normality equation V1N1 = V2N2

V1 N1
N2 = V2

20 x 0.1102
N2 = 19.5

Normality of KMnO4 link solution (N2) = 0.1130 N

Titration-II
KMnO4 link solution Vs Unknown FeSO4 solution:
S. no Volume of Burette reading Volume of Concordant
Unknown KMnO4 value
FeSO4 solution Initial (ml) Final (ml) solution (ml) (ml)
(ml)
1. 20 0 20.6 20.6
20.6
2. 20 0 20.6 20.6

Calculation:
Volume of KMnO4 link solution (V1) = 20.6 ml
Normality of KMnO4 link solution (N1) = 0.1130 N
Volume of Unknown FeSO4 solution (V2) = 20 ml
Normality of Unknown FeSO4 solution (N2) = ?

According to normality equation V1N1 = V2N2

V1 N1
N2 = V2
20.6 x 0.1130
N2 = 20
Normality of unknown FeSO4 solution (N2) = 0.1163 N

Weight calculation:

The amount of FeSO4 dissolved in = Normality X equivalent weight X 750

750 ml of solution 1000
0.1163 x 278 x 3
= 4

The amount of FeSO4 dissolved in 750 ml of the solution = 24.24 g.

RESULT:
1. Normality of KMnO4 link solution = 0.1130 N
2. Normality of unknown FeSO4 Solution = 0.1163 N
3. The amount of FeSO4 dissolved in 750 ml of the solution = 24.24 g.
Ex.No:02 2. ESTIMATION OF FERROUS AMMONIUM SULPHATE (FAS)
Date:
Aim:
To estimate the amount of ferrous ammonium sulphate (FAS) dissolved in 1500 ml of the
given unknown solution volumetrically. For this you are given with a standard solution of
ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) of normality 0.1024 N and Potassium Permanganate as link solution.

Short procedure:

S. no Content Titration - I Titration - II

1. Burette solution KMnO4 link solution KMnO4 link solution
2. Pipette solution 20 ml of std FeSO4 solution 20 ml of unknown FAS
solution
3. Acid to be added 20 ml of 2N H2SO4 (approx) 20 ml of 2N H2SO4 (approx)
4. Temperature Lab temperature Lab temperature
5. Indicator Self- indicator (KMnO4) Self - indicator (KMnO4)
6. End point Appearance of permanent pale Appearance of permanent
pink colour pale pink colour
7. Equivalent weight of FAS = 392
Titration-I
Std FeSO4 solution Vs KMnO4 link solution:
S. Volume of std Burette reading Volume of Concordant
No FeSO4 solution KMnO4 value
(ml) Initial (ml) Final (ml) solution (ml) (ml)

1. 20 0 20.6 20.6
20.6
2. 20 0 20.6 20.6

Calculation:
Volume of std FeSO4 solution (V1) = 20 ml
Normality of std FeSO4 solution (N1) = 0.1024 N
Volume of KMnO4 link solution (V2) = 20.6 ml
Normality of KMnO4 link solution (N2) = ?

According to normality equation V1N1 = V2N2

V1 N1
N2 = V2
20 x 0.1024
N2 = 20.6

Normality of KMnO4 link solution (N2) = 0.0994 N

Titration-II
KMnO4 link solution ( Vs ) unknown FAS:
S. no Volume of Burette reading Volume of Concordant
unknown KMnO4 value
FAS solution (ml) Initial (ml) Final (ml) solution (ml) (ml)

1. 20 0 19.4 19.4
19.4
2. 20 0 19.4 19.4

Calculation:
Volume of KMnO4 link solution (V1) = 19.4 ml
Normality of KMnO4 link solution (N1) = 0.0994 N
Volume of Unknown FAS solution (V2) = 20 ml
Normality of Unknown FAS solution (N2) = ?

According to normality equation V1N1 = V2N2

V1 N1
N2 = V2
19.4 x 0.0994
N2 = 20
Normality of unknown FAS solution (N2) = 0.0964 N

Weight calculation:

The amount of FAS dissolved in = Normality X equivalent weight X 1500

1500 ml of the solution 1000
0.0964 x 392 x 3
= 2

The amount of FAS dissolved in 1500 ml of the solution = 56.68 g.

Result:
1. Normality of KMnO4 link solution = 0.0994 N.
2. Normality of unknown FAS solution = 0.0964 N.
3. The amount of FAS dissolved in 1500 ml of the solution = 56.68 g.
Ex.No:03
3. ESTIMATION OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE
Date:
Aim
To estimate the amount of sodium hydroxide dissolved in 250ml of the given unknown
solution volumetrically. For this you are given with a standard solution of sodium carbonate
normality 0.0948 N and hydrochloric acid solution as link solution.
Short procedure:
S. No. Content Titration-I Titration -- II
1. Burette solution HCl link solution HCl link solution
2. Pipette solution 20 ml of std Na2CO3 solution 20 ml of unknown NaOH solution
3. Temperature Lab temperature Lab temperature
4. Indicator Methyl orange Phenolphthalein
Color changes from straw
5. End point Disappearance of pink Colour
yellow to pink colour
6. Equivalent weight of NaOH=40

Titration-I
Std Na2CO3 solution Vs HCl link solution:
S. Volume of std Burette reading Volume of HCl Concordant
No Na2CO3 solution solution value
(ml) Initial (ml) Final (ml) (ml) (ml)
1. 20 0 20.3 20.3
20.3
2. 20 0 20.3 20.3

Calculation:
Volume of std Na2CO3 solution (V1) = 20 ml
Normality of std Na2CO3 solution (N1) = 0.0948 N
Volume of HCl link solution (V2) = 20.3 ml
Normality of HCl link solution (N2) = ?

According to normality equation V1N1 = V2N2

V1 N1
N2 = V2
20 x 0.0948
N2 = 20.3

Normality of HCl link solution (N2) = 0.0933 N.

Titration-II
HCl link solution Vs Unknown NaOH solution:
S. no Volume of Burette reading Volume of Concordant
unknown NaOH HCl solution value
solution (ml) Initial (ml) Final (ml) (ml) (ml)

1. 20 0 21.7 21.7
21.7
2. 20 0 21.7 21.7

Calculation:
Volume of HCl link solution (V1) = 21.7 ml
Normality of HCl link solution (N1) = 0.0933 N
Volume of Unknown NaOH solution (V2) = 20 ml
Normality of Unknown NaOH solution (N2) = ?

According to normality equation V1N1 = V2N2

V1 N1
N2 =
V2
21.7 x 0.0933
N2 = 20
Normality of Unknown NaOH solution (N2) = 0.1012 N

Weight calculation:
The amount of NaOH dissolved in = Normality X Equivalent Weight X 250
250 ml of the solution 1000
0.1012 X 40
= 4
The amount of NaOH dissolved in 250 ml of the solution = 1.012g.

RESULT:
1. Normality of HCl link solution = 0.0933 N.
2. Normality of Unknown NaOH solution = 0.1012 N.
3. The amount of NaOH dissolved in 250 ml of the solution = 1.012g.
Ex.No:04
Date: 4. ESTIMATION OF OXALIC ACID
Aim:
To estimate the amount of oxalic acid dissolved in 1250 ml of the given unknown
solution volumetrically. For this you are given with a standard solution of HCl solution of
normality 0.1010N and sodium hydroxide solution as link solution.

Short procedure:
S. No. Content Titration–I Titration–II
1. Burette solution Std HCl solution Oxalic acid unknown solution
2. Pipette solution 20 ml of Std NaOH link 20 ml of NaOH link solution
solution
3. Temperature Lab temperature Lab temperature
4. Indicator Phenolphthalein Phenolphthalein
5. End point Disappearance of pink colour Disappearance of pink colour

6. Equivalent weight of oxalic acid = 63

Titration-I
Std HCl solution Vs NaOH link solution:
S. no Volume of Burette reading Volume of std Concordant
NaOH solution HCl solution value
(ml) Initial (ml) Final (ml) (ml) (ml)

1. 20 0 20.5 20.5
20.5
2. 20 0 20.5 20.5

Calculation:
Volume of Std HCl solution (V1) = 20.5 ml
Normality of Std HCl solution (N1) = 0.1010 N
Volume of NaOH link solution (V2) = 20 ml
Normality of NaOH link solution (N2) = ?

According to normality equation V1N1 = V2N2

V1 N1
N2 = V2
20.5 x 0.1010
N2 = 20

Normality of NaOH link solution (N2) = 0.1035 N.

Titration-II
NaOH link solution Vs Unknown oxalic acid:
S. no Volume of Burette reading Volume of Concordant
NaOH solution unknown value
(ml) Initial (ml) Final (ml) oxalic acid (ml)
solution (ml)
1. 20 0 19.7 19.7
19.7
2. 20 0 19.7 19.7

Calculation:
Volume of NaOH link solution (V1) = 20 ml
Normality of NaOH link solution (N1) = 0.1035 N
Volume of Unknown Oxalic acid solution (V2) = 19.7 ml
Normality of Unknown Oxalic acid solution (N2) = ?

According to normality equation V1N1 = V2N2

V1 N1
N2 = V2
20 x 0.1035
N2 = 19.7

Normality of unknown oxalic acid Solution (N2) = 0.1050 N.

Weight calculation:

The amount of Oxalic acid dissolved in = Normality X Weight X 1250

1250 ml of the solution 1000
0.1050 x 63 x 5
=
4
The amount of Oxalic acid dissolved in 1250ml of the solution = 8.27g.

Result:
1. Normality of NaOH link solution = 0.1035 N.
2. Normality of Unknown oxalic acid solution = 0.1050 N.
The amount of oxalic acid dissolved in 1250ml of the solution = 8.27g.
 ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC COMPOUND FOR GENERAL PROCEDURE
S. NO Experiment Observation Inference

Preliminary Test
1 Odour: (i)Bitter almond odour. (i) May be benzaldehyde.
Note the odour of the organic compound. (ii) Fishy odour. (ii) May be an amine.
(iii) Phenolic odour. (iii) May be phenol.
(iv) Pleasant fruity odour. (iv) May be ester.
(v) No characteristic odour. (v) Absence of benzaldehyde, amine,
phenol, ester.
2 Test with litmus paper: (i)Blue litmus turns red. (i)May be carboxylic acid (or)
Touch the moist litmus paper with an phenol.
organic compound. (ii) Red litmus turns blue. (ii) May be an amine.
(iii) No colour change is noted. (iii) Absence of carboxylic acid,
phenol, and amine.
3 Action with sodium bicarbonate:
Take 2ml of saturated sodium bi carbonate (i)Brisk effervescence is observed. (i)Presence of carboxylic acid.
solution in a test tube. Add 2-3 drops (or a (ii) No brisk effervescence is
pinch of solid) of an organic compound to it. observed. (ii) Absence of carboxylic acid.
4 Action with Borsch’s reagent:
Take a small amount of an organic (i)Yellow (or) orange (or) red (i)Presence of an aldehyde or keton.
compound in a test tube. Add 3ml of precipitate is formed.
Borsch’s reagent, 1ml of Conc.HCl to it, then (ii)No characteristic precipitate is (ii) Absence of an aldehyde or keton.
warm the mixture gently and cool it. formed.
5 Charring test:
Take a small amount of an organic (i)Charring takes place. (i)Presence of carbohydrates.
compound in a dry test tube. Add 2ml of
Conc.H2SO4 to it, and heat the mixture. (ii)No charring takes place. (ii)Absence of carbohydrates.
Test for Aliphatic or Aromatic nature
6 Ignition test:
Take a small amount of an organic (i)Burns with sooty flame. (i)Presence of an aromatic compound.
compound in a nickel spatula and burn it in (ii)Burns with non sooty flame. (ii) Presence of an aliphatic
bunsen flame. compound.
Test for Saturation or Unsaturation
7 Test with bromine water:
Take a small amount of the organic (i)Orange yellow bromine water (i)Substance is unsaturated.
compound in a test tube add 2 ml of distilled decolourised.
water to dissolve it. To this solution add few (ii) No decolouration takes place. (ii)Substance is saturated.
drops of bromine water and shake it well. (iii) Decolouration with formation of (iii)Presence of an aromatic amine or
white precipitate. phenol.
8 Test with KMnO4 solution:
Take a small amount of organic compound (i)Pink colour of KMnO4 solution is (i)Substance is unsaturation.
in test tube add water to dissolve it and add decolourised.
few drops of very dil.KMnO4 solution and (ii) No decolourisation takes place. (ii) Substance is saturated.
shaken well.
Tests for selected organic functional groups
Test for phenols:
9 Neutral FeCl3 test:
Take 1ml of neutral FeCl3 solution in a dry Violet colouration is seen. Presence of phenol.
clean test tube. Add 2-3 drops (or pinch of
solid) of organic compound to it. If no
colouration occurs add 3-4 drops of alcohol.
Test for carboxylic acids:
10 Esterification reaction:
Take 1ml (or a pinch) of an organic A pleasant fruity odour is noted. Presence of carboxylic acid
compound in a clean test tube. Add 1ml of
ethyl alcohol and 4-5 drops of Conc.H2SO4 to
it. Heat the reaction mixture strongly about 5
minutes. Then pour the mixture into beaker
 containing dil.Na2CO3 solution and note the
smell.

Test for aldehyde:

11 Tollen’s test:
Take 2ml of Tollen’s reagent in a clean Shining silver mirror is formed. Presence of an aldehyde.
dry test tube. Add 3-4 drops of an organic
compound (or 0.2 g of solid) to it, and warm
the mixture on a water bath for about 5
minutes.
12 Fehling’s test:
Take 1ml each of Fehling’s solution A and Red precipitate is formed. Presence of an aldehyde.
B are taken in a test tube. Add 4-5 drops of an
organic compound (or 0.5g of solid) to it, and
warm the mixture on a water bath for about 5
minutes.
Test for ketone
13 Legal’s test:
A small amount of the substance is taken Red colouration. Presence of ketone.
in a test tube. 1ml sodium nitro prusside
solution is added. Then NaOH solution is
added drop wise.
Test for amines:
14 Dye test:
Take a small amount of an organic Scarlet red dye is obtained. Presence of an aromatic primary
substance in a clean test tube, add 2ml of HCl amine.
to dissolved it. Add few crystals of NaNO2
and cool the mixture in ice bath then add 2ml
of ice cold solution of
β- naphthol in NaOH

Test for diamide:

15 Biuret test:
Take a small amount of an organic Violet colour is appeared. Presence of diamide.
compound in a test tube. Heat strongly and
then allow to cool. Dissolved the residue with
2ml of water. To this solution add 1ml of
dil.CuSO4 and few drops of 10% NaOH
solution drop by drop.
Test for carbohydrates:
16 Molisch’s test:
Take a small amount of an organic Violet or purple ring is formed at the Presence of carbohydrates.
compound in a test tube. It is dissolve in 2 ml junction of the two liquids.
of water. Add 3-4 drops of
α- naphthol to it. Then add Conc.H2SO4
through the side of test tube carefully.
17 Osazone test:
Take a small amount of an organic Yellow crystals are obtained. Presence of carbohydrates.
compound in a test tube. Add 1ml of phenyl
hydrazine solution and heat the mixture for
about 5 minutes on a boiling water bath.

Report:
The given organic compound contains
1. Aromatic / aliphatic
2. Saturated / unsaturated
3. ………………………… functional group.
 1. ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC COMPOUND (Benzaldehyde)

S. No Experiment Observation Inference

Preliminary Test
1 Odour:
Note the odour of the organic compound. Bitter almond odour. May be benzaldehyde.

2 Test with litmus paper:

Touch the moist litmus paper with an No colour change is noted. Absence of carboxylic acid, phenol,
organic compound. and amine.
3 Action with sodium bicarbonate:
Take 2ml of saturated sodium bi carbonate No brisk effervescence is observed. Absence of carboxylic acid.
solution in a test tube. Add 2-3 drops (or a
pinch of solid) of an organic compound to it.
4 Action with Borsch’s reagent:
Take a small amount of an organic Yellow (or) orange precipitate is Presence of an aldehyde.
compound in a test tube. Add 3ml of obtained.
Borsch’s reagent, 1ml of Conc.HCl to it, then
warm the mixture gently and cool it.
5 Charring test:
Take a small amount of an organic No charring takes place. Absence of carbohydrates.
compound in a dry test tube. Add 2ml of
Conc.H2SO4 to it, and heat the mixture.
Test for Aliphatic or Aromatic nature
6 Ignition test:
Take a small amount of an organic Burns with sooty flame. Presence of an aromatic compound.
compound in a nickel spatula and burn it in .
bunsen flame.
Test for Saturation or Unsaturation
7 Test with bromine water:
Take a small amount of the organic No decolouration takes place. Substance is saturated.
compound in a test tube add 2 ml of distilled
water to dissolve it. To this solution add few
drops of bromine water and shake it well.
8 Test with KMnO4 solution:
Take a small amount of organic compound No decolourisation takes place. Substance is saturated.
in test tube add water to dissolve it and add
few drops of very dil.KMnO4 solution and
shaken well.
Tests for selected organic functional groups
Test for aldehyde:
9 Tollen’s test:
Take 2ml of Tollen’s reagent in a clean Shining silver mirror is formed. Presence of an aldehyde.
dry test tube. Add 3-4 drops of an organic
compound (or 0.2 g of solid) to it, and warm
the mixture on a water bath for about 5
minutes.
Report:
The given organic compound contains
1. Aromatic.
2. Saturated.
3. Aldehyde functional group.
 2. ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC COMPOUND (Cinnamaldehyde)

S. NO Experiment Observation Inference

Preliminary Test
1 Odour: Absence of benzaldehyde, amine,
Note the odour of the organic compound. No characteristic odour. phenol, ester.

2 Test with litmus paper:

Touch the moist litmus paper with an No colour change is noted. Absence of carboxylic acid, phenol,
organic compound. and amine.
3 Action with sodium bicarbonate:
Take 2ml of saturated sodium bi carbonate No brisk effervescence is observed. Absence of carboxylic acid.
solution in a test tube. Add 2-3 drops (or a
pinch of solid) of an organic compound to it.
4 Action with Borsch’s reagent:
Take a small amount of an organic Yellow (or) orange precipitate is Presence of an aldehyde
compound in a test tube. Add 3ml of obtained.
Borsch’s reagent, 1ml of Conc.HCl to it, then
warm the mixture gently and cool it.
5 Charring test:
Take a small amount of an organic No charring takes place. Absence of carbohydrates.
compound in a dry test tube. Add 2ml of
Conc.H2SO4 to it, and heat the mixture.
Test for Aliphatic or Aromatic nature
6 Ignition test:
Take a small amount of an organic Burns with sooty flame. Presence of an aromatic compound.
compound in a nickel spatula and burn it in
bunsen flame.
Test for Saturation or Unsaturation
7 Test with bromine water:
Take a small amount of the organic Orange yellow bromine water Substance is unsaturated.
compound in a test tube add 2 ml of distilled decolourised.
water to dissolve it. To this solution add few
drops of bromine water and shake it well.
8 Test with KMnO4 solution:
Take a small amount of organic compound Pink colour of KMnO4 solution is Substance is unsaturation.
in test tube add water to dissolve it and add decolourised.
few drops of very dil.KMnO4 solution and
shaken well.
Tests for selected organic functional groups
Test for aldehyde:
9 Tollen’s test:
Take 2ml of Tollen’s reagent in a clean Shining silver mirror is formed. Presence of an aldehyde.
dry test tube. Add 3-4 drops of an organic
compound (or 0.2 g of solid) to it, and warm
the mixture on a water bath for about 5
minutes.
Report:
The given organic compound contains
1. Aromatic.
2. Unsaturated
3. Aldehyde functional group.
 3. ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC COMPOUND (Acetophenone)

S. NO Experiment Observation Inference

Preliminary Test
1 Odour: Absence of benzaldehyde, amine,
Note the odour of the organic compound. No characteristic odour. phenol, ester.
2 Test with litmus paper:
Touch the moist litmus paper with an No colour change is noted. Absence of carboxylic acid, phenol,
organic compound. and amine.
3 Action with sodium bicarbonate:
Take 2ml of saturated sodium bi carbonate No brisk effervescence is observed. Absence of carboxylic acid.
solution in a test tube. Add 2-3 drops (or a
pinch of solid) of an organic compound to it.
4 Action with Borsch’s Reagent:
Take a small amount of an organic Yellow (or) orange (or) red Presence of an aldehyde or keton.
compound in a test tube. Add 3ml of precipitate is obtained.
Borsch’s reagent, 1ml of Conc.HCl to it, then
warm the mixture gently and cool it.
5 Charring test:
Take a small amount of an organic No charring takes place. Absence of carbohydrates.
compound in a dry test tube. Add 2ml of
Conc.H2SO4 to it, and heat the mixture.
Test for Aliphatic or Aromatic nature
6 Ignition test:
Take a small amount of an organic Burns with sooty flame. Presence of an aromatic compound.
compound in a nickel spatula and burn it in
bunsen flame.
Test for Saturation or Unsaturation
7 Test with bromine water:
Take a small amount of the organic No decolouration takes place. Substance is saturated.
compound in a test tube add 2 ml of distilled
water to dissolve it. To this solution add few
drops of bromine water and shake it well.
8 Test with KMnO4 solution:
Take a small amount of organic compound No decolourisation takes place. Substance is saturated.
in test tube add water to dissolve it and add
few drops of very dil.KMnO4 solution and
shaken well.
Tests for selected organic functional groups
Test for ketone
9 Legal’s test:
A small amount of the substance is taken Red colouration Presence of ketone
in a test tube. 1ml sodium nitroprusside
solution is added. Then NaOH solution is
added drop wise.
Report:
The given organic compound contains
1. Aromatic.
2. Saturated.
3. Ketone functional group.
 4. ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC COMPOUND (Benzoic acid)

S. NO Experiment Observation Inference

Preliminary Test
1 Odour:
Note the odour of the organic compound. No characteristic odour. Absence of benzaldehyde, amine,
phenol, ester.
2 Test with litmus paper:
Touch the moist litmus paper with an Blue litmus turns red. May be carboxylic acid (or) phenol.
organic compound. .
3 Action with sodium bicarbonate:
Take 2ml of saturated sodium bi Brisk effervescence is observed. Presence of carboxylic acid.
carbonate solution in a test tube. Add 2-3
drops (or a pinch of solid) of an organic
compound to it.
4 Action with Borsch’s reagent:
Take a small amount of an organic No characteristic precipitate is Absence of an aldehyde or keton.
compound in a test tube. Add 3ml of obtained.
Borsch’s reagent, 1ml of Conc.HCl to it, then
warm the mixture gently and cool it.
5 Charring test:
Take a small amount of an organic No charring takes place. Absence of carbohydrates.
compound in a dry test tube. Add 2ml of
Conc.H2SO4 to it, and heat the mixture.
Test for Aliphatic or Aromatic nature
6 Ignition test:
Take a small amount of an organic Burns with sooty flame. Presence of an aromatic compound.
compound in a nickel spatula and burn it in
bunsen flame.
Test for Saturation or Unsaturation
7 Test with bromine water:
Take a small amount of the organic No decolouration takes place. Substance is saturated.
compound in a test tube add 2 ml of distilled
water to dissolve it. To this solution add few
drops of bromine water and shake it well.
8 Test with KMnO4 solution:
Take a small amount of organic No decolourisation takes place. Substance is saturated.
compound in test tube add water to dissolve
it and add few drops of very dil.KMnO4
solution and shaken well.
Tests for selected organic functional groups
Test for carboxylic acids:
9 Esterification reaction:
Take 1ml (or a pinch) of an organic A pleasant fruity odour is noted. Presence of carboxylic acid
compound in a clean test tube. Add 1ml of
ethyl alcohol and 4-5 drops of Conc.H2SO4 to
it. Heat the reaction mixture strongly about 5
minutes. Then pour the mixture into beaker
containing dil.Na2CO3 solution and note the
smell.
Report:
The given organic compound contains
1. Aromatic.
2. Saturated.
3. Carboxylic acid functional group.
 5. ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC COMPOUND (Cinnamic acid)

S. NO Experiment Observation Inference

Preliminary Test
1 Odour:
Note the odour of the organic compound. No characteristic odour. Absence of benzaldehyde, amine,
phenol, ester.
2 Test with litmus paper:
Touch the moist litmus paper with an Blue litmus turns red. May be carboxylic acid (or) phenol.
organic compound.
3 Action with sodium bicarbonate:
Take 2ml of saturated sodium bi carbonate Brisk effervescence is observed. Presence of carboxylic acid.
solution in a test tube. Add 2-3 drops (or a
pinch of solid) of an organic compound to it.
4 Action with Borsch’s reagent:
Take a small amount of an organic No characteristic precipitate is Absence of an aldehyde or keton.
compound in a test tube. Add 3ml of obtained.
Borsch’s reagent, 1ml of Conc.HCl to it, then
warm the mixture gently and cool it.
5 Charring test:
Take a small amount of an organic No charring takes place. Absence of carbohydrates.
compound in a dry test tube. Add 2ml of
Conc.H2SO4 to it, and heat the mixture.
Test for Aliphatic or Aromatic nature
6 Ignition test:
Take a small amount of an organic Burns with sooty flame. Presence of an aromatic compound.
compound in a nickel spatula and burn it in
bunsen flame.
Test for Saturation and unsaturation
7 Test with bromine water:
Take a small amount of the organic Orange yellow bromine water Substance is unsaturated.
compound in a test tube add 2 ml of distilled decolourised.
water to dissolve it. To this solution add few
drops of bromine water and shake it well.
8 Test with KMnO4 solution:
Take a small amount of organic compound Pink colour of KMnO4 solution is Substance is unsaturation.
in test tube add water to dissolve it and add decolourised.
few drops of very dil.KMnO4 solution and
shaken well.
Tests for selected organic functional groups
Test for carboxylic acids:
9 Esterification reaction:
Take 1ml (or a pinch) of an organic A pleasant fruity odour is noted. Presence of carboxylic acid
compound in a clean test tube. Add 1ml of
ethyl alcohol and 4-5 drops of Conc.H2SO4 to
it. Heat the reaction mixture strongly about 5
minutes. Then pour the mixture into beaker
containing dil.Na2CO3 solution and note the
smell.
Report:
The given organic compound contains
1. Aromatic.
2. Unsaturated.
3. Carboxylic acid functional group.
 6. ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC COMPOUND (Urea)

S. NO Experiment Observation Inference

Preliminary Test
1 Odour:
Note the odour of the organic compound. Fishy odour. May be an amine.
.
2 Test with litmus paper:
Touch the moist litmus paper with an Red litmus turns blue. May be an amine.
organic compound.
3 Action with sodium bicarbonate:
Take 2ml of saturated sodium bi carbonate No brisk effervescence is observed. Absence of carboxylic acid.
solution in a test tube. Add 2-3 drops (or a
pinch of solid) of an organic compound to it.
4 Action with Borsch’s reagent:
Take a small amount of an organic Yellow (or) orange (or) red Presence of an aldehyde or keton.
compound in a test tube. Add 3ml of precipitate is obtained.
Borsch’s reagent, 1ml of Conc.HCl to it, then
warm the mixture gently and cool it.
5 Charring test:
Take a small amount of an organic No charring takes place. Absence of carbohydrates.
compound in a dry test tube. Add 2ml of
Conc.H2SO4 to it, and heat the mixture.
Test for Aliphatic or Aromatic nature
6 Ignition test:
Take a small amount of an organic Burns with non sooty flame. Presence of an aliphatic compound.
compound in a nickel spatula and burn it in
bunsen flame.
Test for Saturation or Unsaturation
7 Test with bromine water:
Take a small amount of the organic No decolouration takes place. Substance is saturated.
compound in a test tube add 2 ml of distilled
water to dissolve it. To this solution add few
drops of bromine water and shake it well.
8 Test with KMnO4 solution:
Take a small amount of organic compound No decolourisation takes place. Substance is saturated.
in test tube add water to dissolve it and add
few drops of very dil.KMnO4 solution and
shaken well.
Tests for selected organic functional groups
Test for diamide:
9 Biuret test:
Take a small amount of an organic Violet colour is appeared. Presence of diamide
compound in a test tube. Heat strongly and
then allow to cool. Dissolved the residue with
2ml of water. To this solution add 1ml of
dil.CuSO4 and few drops of 10% NaOH
solution drop by drop.
Report:
The given organic compound contains
1. Aliphatic.
2. Saturated.
3. Diamide functional group.
 7. ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC COMPOUND (Glucose)

S. NO Experiment Observation Inference

Preliminary Test
1 Odour:
Note the odour of the organic compound. No characteristic odour. Absence of benzaldehyde, amine, phenol,
ester.
2 Test with litmus paper:
Touch the moist litmus paper with an organic No colour change is noted. Absence of carboxylic acid, phenol, and
compound. amine.
3 Action with sodium bicarbonate:
Take 2ml of saturated sodium bi carbonate No brisk effervescence is observed. Absence of carboxylic acid.
solution in a test tube. Add 2-3 drops (or a pinch of
solid) of an organic compound to it.
4 Action with Borsch’s reagent:
Take a small amount of an organic compound Yellow (or) orange (or) red precipitate is Presence of an aldehyde or keton.
in a test tube. Add 3ml of Borsch’s reagent, 1ml of obtained.
Conc.HCl to it, then warm the mixture gently and
cool it.
5 Charring test:
Take a small amount of an organic compound Charring takes place with smell of burnt Presence of carbohydrates.
in a dry test tube. Add 2ml of Conc.H2SO4 to it, sugar.
and heat the mixture.
Test for Aliphatic or Aromatic nature
6 Ignition test:
Take a small amount of an organic compound Burns with non sooty flame. Presence of an aliphatic compound.
in a nickel spatula and burn it in bunsen flame.
Test for Saturation or Unsaturation
7 Test with bromine water:
Take a small amount of the organic compound No decolouration takes place. Substance is saturated.
in a test tube add 2 ml of distilled water to dissolve
it. To this solution add few drops of bromine water
and shake it well.
8 Test with KMnO4 solution:
Take a small amount of organic compound in No decolourisation takes place. Substance is saturated.
test tube add water to dissolve it and add few drops
of very dil.KMnO4 solution and shaken well.
Tests for selected organic functional groups
Test for aldehyde:
9 Tollen’s test:
Take 2ml of Tollen’s reagent in a clean dry test Shining silver mirror is formed. Presence of an aldehyde.
tube. Add 3-4 drops of an organic compound (or
0.2 g of solid) to it, and warm the mixture on a
water bath for about 5 minutes.
Test for carbohydrates:
10 Molisch’s test:
Take a small amount of an organic compound in Violet or purple ring is formed at the Presence of carbohydrates.
a test tube. It is dissolve in 2 ml of water. Add 3-4 junction of the two liquids.
drops of
α- naphthol to it. Then add Conc.H2SO4 through
the side of test tube carefully.
Report:
The given organic compound contains
1. Aliphatic.
2. Saturated.
3. Aldehyde functional group.
 8. ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC COMPOUND (Aniline)

S. NO Experiment Observation Inference

Preliminary Test
1 Odour:
Note the odour of the organic compound. Fishy odour. May be an amine.
2 Test with litmus paper:
Touch the moist litmus paper with an Red litmus turns blue. May be an amine.
organic compound.
3 Action with sodium bicarbonate:
Take 2ml of saturated sodium bi carbonate No brisk effervescence is observed. Absence of carboxylic acid.
solution in a test tube. Add 2-3 drops (or a
pinch of solid) of an organic compound to it.
4 Action with Borsch’s reagent:
Take a small amount of an organic No characteristic precipitate is Absence of an aldehyde or keton.
compound in a test tube. Add 3ml of obtained.
Borsch’s reagent, 1ml of Conc.HCl to it, then
warm the mixture gently and cool it.
5 Charring test:
Take a small amount of an organic No charring takes place. Absence of carbohydrates.
compound in a dry test tube. Add 2ml of
Conc.H2SO4 to it, and heat the mixture.
Test for Aliphatic or Aromatic nature
6 Ignition test:
Take a small amount of an organic Burns with sooty flame. Presence of an aromatic compound.
compound in a nickel spatula and burn it in
bunsen flame.
Test for Saturation or unsaturation
7 Test with bromine water:
Take a small amount of the organic No decolourisation takes place. Substance is saturated.
compound in a test tube add 2 ml of distilled
water to dissolve it. To this solution add few
drops of bromine water and shake it well.
8 Test with KMnO4 solution:
Take a small amount of organic compound No decolourisation takes place. Substance is saturated.
in test tube add water to dissolve it and add
few drops of very dil.KMnO4 solution and
shaken well.
Tests for selected organic functional groups
Test for amine:
9 Dye test:
Take a small amount of an organic Scarlet red dye is obtained. Presence of an aromatic primary
substance in a clean test tube, add 2ml of HCl amine.
to dissolved it. Add few crystals of
NaNO2,and cool the mixture in ice bath then
add 2ml of ice cold solution of
β- naphthol in NaOH
Report:
The given organic compound contains
1. Aromatic.
2. Saturated.
3. Amine functional group.