Vol-9 Issue-3 2023 IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396

THREE PHASE FAULT DETECTION

SYSTEM USING IOT
Prof. Ashwini G. Bhagwat¹, Ganesh S. Pawar², Tejas V. Mulane³, Bhavesh V. Nikam⁴, Vaibhav
M. Mali⁵
1
Professor, Electrical Department, Sanghavi College of Engineering, Maharashtra, India
2
Student, Electrical Department, Sanghavi College of Engineering, Maharashtra, India
3
Student, Electrical Department, Sanghavi College of Engineering, Maharashtra, India
4
Student, Electrical Department, Sanghavi College of Engineering, Maharashtra, India
5
Student, Electrical Department, Sanghavi College of Engineering, Maharashtra, India

ABSTRACT
The transmission line is the most important part of the power system. Transmission lines have a principal amount of
power. The requirement for power and its allegiance has grown up exponentially over the modern era, and the
major role of a transmission line is to transmit electric power from the source area to the distribution network. The
explosion between limited production and a tremendous claim has grown the focus on minimizing power losses.
Losses like transmission loss and also conjecture factors as physical losses to various technical losses, Another
thing is the primary factor it has a reactive power and voltage deviation are momentous in the long-range
transmission power line. Essentially, fault analysis is a focused issue in power system engineering to clear faults in
a short time and re-establish the power system as quickly as possible with minimum interruption. However, the fault
detection that interrupts the transmission line is itself a challenging task to investigate faults as well as improve the
reliability of the system. The transmission line is susceptible given all parameters that connect the whole power
system. This paper presents a review of transmission line fault detection.

Keyword: - Transmission Line, Three-Phase, Fault Detection, Iot

1. INTRODUCTION
Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized the way we interact with our environment. With IoT, we can now
monitor and control our homes, offices, and factories remotely. In this report, we will discuss an IoT-based 3-phase
fault detection system that can detect faults in a three-phase power distribution system. A three-phase power
distribution system is commonly used in industries to supply power to machines and equipment. This system is
designed to distribute power uniformly across all three phases. However, faults can occur in this system, such as
short circuits, open circuits, and ground faults. These faults can cause damage to equipment and can even lead to
fires.
Looking at the current system of finding the transmission line error, there are a few problems, a few of them
including a lack of skilled staff, increased risks and time-consuming processes. The automation process is known to
solve many or all such problems that are common to normal processes. This is another such effort to create a simple
and inexpensive solution that works for future Electric Power Transmission Plans providers and operators in
different stages or channels. Transmission error detection system can detect an error. The system monitors the line
fault in sequence for 3 lines namely R, Y, and B Phases. Once if fault is detected the system sends the notification to
the line monitoring station, it also provides the information about the faulty line.
The Electric Power System is divided into many different sections. One of which is the transmission system, where
power is transmitted from generating stations and substations via transmission lines into consumers. Both methods
could encounter various types of malfunctions is usually referred to as a “Fault”. Fault is simply defined as a number
of undesirable but unavoidable incidents can temporarily disturb the stable condition of the power system that
occurs when the insulation of the system fails at any point. Moreover, if a conducting object comes in contact with a
bare power conductor, a short circuit, or fault, is said to have occurred. The causes of faults are many, they include

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lighting, wind damage, trees falling across transmission lines, vehicles or aircraft colliding with the transmission
towers or poles, birds shorting lines or vandalism.
The IoT-based 3-phase fault detection system has several benefits. Firstly, it can detect faults in the power
distribution system quickly and accurately. This helps prevent damage to equipment and reduces downtime.
Secondly, the system can be remotely monitored, which reduces the need for manual inspections. This saves time
and money. Finally, the system can generate reports that can be used for predictive maintenance. This helps identify
potential faults before they occur.

2. LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 Saurabh Verma; Shivani Jaiswal; Aayush Rawat; Abhishek Kumar Singh.
If we look at the current system of finding the transmission line error, there are a few problems, a few of them
including a lack of skilled staff, increased risks and time-consuming processes. The automation process is known to
solve many or all such problems that are common to normal processes. This is another such effort to create a simple
and inexpensive solution that works for future Electric Power Transmission Plans providers and operators in
different stages or channels. Transmission error detection system can detect an error when the line breaks and closes
power supply with the wrong line until the operator closes the entire line once it has confirmed the error. The system
monitors line error 3-line sequence namely Stages R, Y, B. If an error is detected the system sends a notification to
the line The monitoring channel also provides information about the faulty line and the distance the line is located
broken. The system is also capable of transmitting line voltage to the monitoring station.

2.2 Krushna Nikam, Vishakha Baviskar, Jaydeep Patil, Mohit Mahajan, Manish D Mahale
In transmission line 85-87% faults of power system occur in these overhead Transmission line. In this paper, we
discuss about various Method to control the fault generated in transmission line and solve this in real time. The heart
of this module is Aurdino and IOT based software this will detect the fault, and exact location of fault also which
type of fault. It Will shows in display and software also be in this information is transmitted to the control room.

2.3 Praveena Anaji; Anjum Banu; Abhilasha S; Niveditha P A.

There are numerous sections to the electric power system. One of these is the transmission system, which transports
power from generating stations to substations and then to customers via transmission lines. Malfunctions are
commonly referred to as Faults. A fault is simply described as a series of unpleasant and unavoidable events that
might momentarily disrupt the power system's stable condition when the insulation breaks at any point. Lightning,
Trees falling on transmission lines, Automobiles or Aircraft colliding with transmission towers and Birds shorting
lines are all causes of faults. The causes and effects of defects, as well as several fault detection technologies, will be
examined in this paper. The power system equipment is severely damaged as a result of these problems.

2.4 Sonam Chopade; Chetan Gedam; Abhishek Anturkar; Shrutika Gajbhiye; Honey Kamble; Amol Manker
The three-phase fault detector and analyse system is designed to differentiate the type of fault occur in power
system, enhanced with the Internet of Things (IoT) by using the combinations of Arduino and Wi-Fi module. All
sorts of electrical substation that supply the electric to the users like industrial or residential may have some failures
due to fault that may be temporary or permanent. However, due to problems like system take a longer time to detect
the type of fault and also required manually to reset off the fault make the existing protection system not efficient in
supply energy to consumer. The system can be used three single phase transformers those are wired in star input and
star output also three transformers are connected in star input and delta output that having 240 volts input and 12
volts output. Then, ESP NodeMCU is used as controller and also act as device that connect to the IoT system when
fault is detected. The devices then link with the Blynk application User will get the i notification from Blynk
application when the fault is occurred Using these devices, user could find automatically after a short-lived
interruption in a provisional fault from the tripped situation in case of eternal fault.

2.5 Dr. C. S Hiwarkar, Shimanshu S. Shinde, Akshay J. Landge

The electrical energy device is cut up into many special sections. One in all is the transmission mechanism, wherein
Power is transmitted from producing stations and substations through transmission strains to customers. Both
strategies Should numerous kinds of malfunctions are generally stated as a \"Fault\" Fault is described as a number
of unwanted however Unavoidable incidents can temporarily disturb the strong circumstance of the power system
that occurs while the insulation of the System fails at any factor. Furthermore, if a carrying out object comes in

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contact with a bare power conductor, a quick circuit, or Fault. The causes of faults are, lighting stroke, human error,
wind damage, timber falling or wines plants throughout transmission Strains, aircraft crash on the transmission line,
birds shorting traces, or vandalism. At some point in this study, the causes and consequences of faults Within the
overhead transmission strains have been the maximum target of the research.

3. BLOCK DIAGRAM
N P

Fig -1: Block Diagram of System

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4. CONNECTION DIAGRAM

Fig -2: Connection Diagram of System

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5. RESULTS
5.1 Simulation Results

Fig -3: Simulation Results

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5.2 Results of Hardware testing

Table-1: Results of Hardware Testing

Test ID Description Expected Results Actual Result Status

01 To check whether User should successfully User has successfully PASS

usersuccessfully connected in network connected innetwork
connected innetwork
02 Sensor System should receive values System is receivingdata PASS
form sensor form sensor

03 Sensor values store Sensor values Sensor values hasstore in PASS

in database should store indatabase database

04 Incorrect SensorData If sensor gives wrong values, System has shown error PASS
system shouldshow error

05 System performance System shouldperform System able performam PASS

as per requirements requirements

06 Connection to System should able to connect System is connected to PASS

network dataprotocol tonetwork protocol network protocol

07 Microcontroller Microcontrollershould receive Microcontroller has PASS

received the data the data received thedata

08 Delay time System should give quick System is giving quick PASS
management response to user response touser

09 Notification touser on System shouldable to give System is giving PASS

display notification to notification to user on
user on display display
10 System Accuracy System shouldperformance System able to perform PASS
features with accuracy featureswith accuracy

11 Sensor System shouldreceive values System is receivingdata PASS

form sensor form sensor

12 System outputtest System should give all the System is give all theoutput PASS
outputas per programming as per programming

13 Detect whether GSM Sensor should send the data to Sensor should send the data PASS
sending thedata or not the micro controller tothe micro
controller
14 Fault gateway Sensor should able to detect the Sensor should able todetect PASS
frequency of flowing current the frequencyof flowing
current
15 Scanning thetype of System shouldable to scan System should able to scan PASS
fault which type of fault occurred which type offault occurred

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6. ADVANTAGES

 Real-time monitoring: An IoT-based system allows for real-time monitoring of the power grid, allowing for
early detection and prevention of faults.
 Reduced downtime: By detecting faults early, an IoT-based system can help reduce downtime, which can be
costly for industrial and commercial applications.
 Improved reliability: With real-time monitoring and early detection, the system can improve the reliability of
the power grid, ensuring a consistent power supply.
 Reduced maintenance costs: Traditional fault detection systems require regular maintenance and inspection,
which can be time-consuming and costly. IoT-based systems can reduce these costs by automating the
monitoring process.
 Increased safety: Faults in the power grid can pose a safety hazard, especially in industrial settings. An IoT-
based system can help reduce the risk of accidents and injuries by detecting faults before they cause harm.
 Data analysis: An IoT-based system can collect data on power faults. This can help in improving the overall
efficiency of the power grid.
 Scalability: IoT-based systems are highly scalable, allowing for easy expansion and integration with other
systems. This makes it easier to adapt to changing power demands and infrastructure requirements.

7. APPLICATIONS
 Power generation and distribution: IoT-based fault detection systems can be used in power generation plants
and electrical substations to monitor and detect faults in the power grid. This can help improve the efficiency
and reliability of the power supply.
 Manufacturing: In manufacturing facilities, IoT-based systems can be used to monitor and detect faults in the
machinery and equipment. This can help prevent breakdowns and reduce downtime, improving productivity and
reducing costs.
 Oil and gas: In the oil and gas industry, IoT-based systems can be used to monitor and detect faults in the
pipelines and processing equipment. This can help prevent leaks and spills, reducing the risk of environmental
damage and improving safety.
 Transportation: IoT-based systems can be used in transportation systems such as trains and airplanes to monitor
and detect faults in the electrical systems. This can help improve safety and prevent accidents.
 Smart homes and buildings: IoT-based systems can be used in smart homes and buildings to monitor and detect
faults in the electrical systems, including lighting and heating. This can help reduce energy consumption and
improve efficiency.
 Data centers: In data centers, IoT-based systems can be used to monitor and detect faults in the power and
cooling systems. This can help prevent downtime and data loss, ensuring the continuous operation of critical
systems.
Overall, IoT-based 3-phase fault detection systems can be applied to any industry that relies on electrical systems
and equipment.

8. CONCLUSIONS
This paper proposes a model designed to solve consumer problems using Arduino and IoT software. The model can
easily detect the type of fault and solve it effectively. The prototype model works quickly and accurately, and helps
to avoid future problems in transmission lines. Overall, this model provides an efficient solution for fault detection,
which can benefit both consumers and the power industry.

9. FUTURE SCOPE
The prototype module or project described in this paper has great potential for future implementation and use. It can
save a significant amount of time and resources in fault detection and location, making it a valuable asset for the
power industry. In addition, it can serve as a reference for future base protection system implementations in
transmission line systems. Compared to SCADA, this system is highly reliable and can signal the mobile app
through an IoT-based system. This system provides the exact fault location and enables quick fault clearing, making
it a unique and highly useful project for the future.

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10. REFERENCES
[1] Saurabh Verma; Shivani Jaiswal; Aayush Rawat, “Iot Based Three Phase Transmission Line Fault Detection”,
International Conference On Computer Communication And Informatics (Iccci) 2022
[2] Krushna Nikam, Vishakha Baviskar, Jaydeep Patil, Mohit Mahajan, Manish D Mahale , “Iot Based Three Phase
Transmission Line Fault Detection And Classification”, International Research Journal Of Engineering And
Technology (Irjet), Volume: 09 Issue: 09 | Sep 2022
[3] Praveena Anaji, Anjum Banu, Abhilasha S, Niveditha P A, Shafiya Sharmeen M S , “Three Phase Fault
Analysis And Detection In Transmission Line Based On Iot”, International Journal Of Engineering Research &
Technology (Ijert) Volume 10 – Issue 11, 2022
[4] Sonam Chopade, Chetan Gedam, Abhishek Anturkar, Shrutika Gajbhiye, Honey Kamble, Amol Manker,
“Survey Paper On Iot Based Three Phase Fault Detection System With Web Dashboard”, International Journal
Of Advanced Research In Science, Communication And Technology (Ijarsct) Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2022
[5] Dr. C. S Hiwarkar, Shimanshu S. Shinde, Akshay J. Landge, “Fault Detection In Three-Phase Transmission
Line By Using Iot”, Ijraset Journal For Research In Applied Science And Engineering Technology, 2022.

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