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IGCSE Biology: Respiration Overview

The document covers the topic of respiration in IGCSE Biology, detailing the uses of energy in living organisms and the effects of temperature on yeast respiration. It explains both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, including their chemical equations and energy yield. Additionally, it discusses the buildup of lactic acid during vigorous exercise and how the body removes oxygen debt post-exercise.

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marcelwerion
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39 views2 pages

IGCSE Biology: Respiration Overview

The document covers the topic of respiration in IGCSE Biology, detailing the uses of energy in living organisms and the effects of temperature on yeast respiration. It explains both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, including their chemical equations and energy yield. Additionally, it discusses the buildup of lactic acid during vigorous exercise and how the body removes oxygen debt post-exercise.

Uploaded by

marcelwerion
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

IGCSE Biology - Topic 12: Respiration

12.1 Respiration

1. State the uses of energy in living organisms, including: muscle contraction, protein synthesis, cell

division, active transport, growth, the passage of nerve impulses and the maintenance of a constant

body temperature

Answer: Energy is used for muscle contraction, protein synthesis, cell division, active transport, growth, nerve

impulses and maintaining body temperature.

2. Investigate and describe the effect of temperature on respiration in yeast

Answer: Increasing temperature increases respiration rate in yeast up to an optimum, then it decreases due

to enzyme denaturation.

12.2 Aerobic respiration

1. Describe aerobic respiration as the chemical reactions in cells that use oxygen to break down

nutrient molecules to release energy

Answer: Aerobic respiration uses oxygen to break down glucose and release energy.

2. State the word equation for aerobic respiration as: glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

Answer: glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

3. State the balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration as: C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

Answer: C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

12.3 Anaerobic respiration

1. Describe anaerobic respiration as the chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient

molecules to release energy without using oxygen

Answer: Anaerobic respiration releases energy from food without oxygen.

2. State that anaerobic respiration releases much less energy per glucose molecule than aerobic

respiration

Answer: Anaerobic respiration releases less energy than aerobic respiration.

3. State the word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast as: glucose -> alcohol + carbon dioxide

Answer: glucose -> alcohol + carbon dioxide

4. State the word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles during vigorous exercise as: glucose
IGCSE Biology - Topic 12: Respiration

-> lactic acid

Answer: glucose -> lactic acid

5. State the balanced chemical equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast as: C6H12O6 -> 2C2H5OH +

2CO2

Answer: C6H12O6 -> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

6. State that lactic acid builds up in muscles and blood during vigorous exercise causing an oxygen

debt

Answer: Lactic acid builds up during exercise, creating an oxygen debt.

7. Outline how the oxygen debt is removed after exercise, limited to:

7(a). continuation of fast heart rate to transport lactic acid in the blood from the muscles to the liver

Answer: The heart rate stays high to carry lactic acid to the liver.

7(b). continuation of deeper and faster breathing to supply oxygen for aerobic respiration of lactic

acid

Answer: Breathing remains fast and deep to provide oxygen for breaking down lactic acid.

7(c). aerobic respiration of lactic acid in the liver

Answer: Lactic acid is broken down aerobically in the liver.

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