POWER STATIONS
Prof. Farouk Okasha
Department of Mechanical Power Engineering -Mansoura University
INTRODUCTION
The need for electricity is rapidly increases in different fields. A fundamental consideration is that
electricity cannot be stored in a practical manner on a large scale. For this reason, electricity must be
produced according to the customers need.
A power plant is an assembly of systems that guarantees electricity generation according to the
customers need.
Types of Power plants:
Conventional : steam power plant- gas power plant-combined power plant…..
Renewable : solar –wind-biomass…….
Electricity generation in Egypt:
Installed Capacity of Egypt is 58353 MW (about 60 GW) at 2019.
- Combined cycle has a major contribution 55.7%, followed by steam cycle 28.7% while the
other sources are still minors. Thermal power plant comprises greater than 90%.
Installed Capacity of Egypt is 58353 MW (about 60 GW) at 2019.
Station Planning and Design
The planning and design development of new power station proposals involve complex
interaction between not only the various engineering disciplines which contribute to the process but
also environmental, planning, economical, political and social interactions.
Planning for new power stations
- The required new generating stations should be studied and approved in a period of seven to nine years
ahead of need. The construction of a major new power station takes typically about five to six years from
the decision to build the station to the commissioning of the first unit.
- A new power station could be based on the capacity consideration due to increase in demand.
- New construction might also be justified based on economic considerations and might allow the retirement of some
existing capacity. In principle, a plant is retained in service until it becomes more economic to replace it with new
capacity.
Site selection and investigation
The major aspects of the studies in this stage include:
- Preliminary station layout
The basic requirements for a power station location are:
- Land requirements
• A supply of raw material at a competitive cost (fuel). - Cooling water
• Access to the markets for its products (transmission). - Transmission
- Geology
• A labor force of the size and quality required. - Site and station levels
• Means of disposal for any effluent or byproduct. - Access
- Water supplies for make-up and domestic purposes
• Land for construction and operation. - Ash and dust disposal
- Flue gas treatment byproducts
Site selection
When detailed investigations have been completed, the overall
cost of constructing and operating of a particular size and type of
station on the site is calculated. Alternative sites can then be
evaluated and a recommendation made to the responsible
authorities.
Design objectives
The station design is required consideration of a range of factors which influence the primary objectives
that are outlined as follows:
Minimum overall cost Efficient operation:
• Low capital cost. • Reliability of operation.
• Low operating cost. • Safety in operation.
• Low construction cost. • Simplicity of operation.
• Long plant life. • Good working conditions.
• Ease of maintenance.
• Service experience.
The designer is required to undertake the engineering and cost optimization studies within the
limits of imposed constraints to meet the project objectives.
APPROACH TO OUR STUDY
1. INTRODUCTION
2- STEAM CYCLE
3. STEAM GENERATORS
4. HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR
5. THE CONDENSATE- FEEDWATER SYSTEM
6. THE CIRCULATING-WATER SYSTEM
7. POWER-PLANT ECONOMICS
8. LOAD CURVES
9. PLANT CAPACITIES, PERFORMANCE AND OPERATION CHARACTERISTICS
