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Expt 3.chromatography

The document outlines an experiment using ascending paper chromatography to separate a mixture of dyes, specifically focusing on calculating the Rf values for red and black dyes. It includes the aim, requirements, theoretical background, detailed procedure, precautions, and a section for recording results and calculations. The Rf values are determined by measuring the distances traveled by the dyes and the solvent.

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lokeshkumarv22
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44 views3 pages

Expt 3.chromatography

The document outlines an experiment using ascending paper chromatography to separate a mixture of dyes, specifically focusing on calculating the Rf values for red and black dyes. It includes the aim, requirements, theoretical background, detailed procedure, precautions, and a section for recording results and calculations. The Rf values are determined by measuring the distances traveled by the dyes and the solvent.

Uploaded by

lokeshkumarv22
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Experiment No: Date:

CHROMATOGRAPHY
AIM:
To separate a mixture of dyes using ascending paper chromatography.
Determine Rf values green and red dye and their ratio.
REQUIREMENTS:
Boiling tube, Mixture of dyes, Ethanol in water in ratio 1:1, and
Chromatography paper.
THEORY:
Chromatography is a technique of separation, purification, and
identification of compounds based on the principle of adsorption. Paper
chromatography is partition chromatography in which moisture adsorbed
by the paper acts as the stationary phase and the solvent acts as the
mobile phase. The solvent rises up due to capillary action and the
components of a mixture get separated based on the differential rate of
adsorption.
The movement of components related to the solvent is determined by
the retention factor.

Distance travelled by a component


Rf = -------------------------------------------------
Distance travelled by solvent

PROCEDURE:
1. Take a Whatman filter paper of the size 20x2 cm and draw a line with
a pencil at about 3 cm from one end.
2. With the help of a fine capillary tube load a drop of mixture of Red and
Black ink at the mid-point on the line.
3. Allow the ink to dry.
4. Suspend the filter paper vertically in the boiling tube containing the
solvent with the help of a glass rod or a matchstick in such a way that
the tip of the paper is in contact with solvent.
5. Leave the boiling tube undisturbed and notice the solvent rising up
the
two inks.
6. Take the filter paper out when the two inks have separated
completely
and mark the distance moved by the solvent with the pencil. This is
the solvent front.
7. Dry the paper and put pencil marks on top points of red and black
spots.
8. Measure the distance of the two spots and solvent from the original
line.
9. Calculate the Rf value of Red and Black ink using the formula given.

PRECAUTIONS:
1. The sample small spot should be small and rich in content.
2. The spot should be dried before placing in the boiling tube.
3. Spot should not be dipped in the solvent.
4. Apparatus should not be disturbed when the solvent ascends the
chromatography paper.

RESULT:
The Rf value of green ink =
The Rf value of red ink =
The ratio of Rf value of Green to Red =
OBSERVATION and CALCULATIONS

Distance travelled by red dye (x) = ___________ cm


Distance travelled by black dye (y) = ___________ cm
Distance travelled by the solvent (a) = __________ cm

x cm
Rf value of RED dye = ------- = ----------------------- = ___________
a cm

y cm
Rf value of BLACK dye = ------- = ----------------------- = ___________
a cm

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