AoPS Community VMEO IV 2015

Vietnam Mathematical E-Olympiad, a contest for students in Vietnam, held by Vietnam Mathematical
Forum : [Link]
[Link]/community/c2463156
by parmenides51, quangminhltv99, kaito shinichi, rterte

– Juniors

10.1 Given a real number α satisfying

√ α3 = α+1. Determine all 4-tuples of rational numbers (a, b, c, d)
satisfying: aα + bα + c = d.
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10.2 Given a triangle ABC with obtuse ∠A and attitude AH with H ∈ BC. Let E, F on CA, AB
satisfying ∠BEH = ∠C and ∠CF H = ∠B. Let BE cut CF at D. Prove that DE = DF .

10.3 Find all triples of integers (a, b, c) satisfying a2 + b2 + c2 = 3(ab + bc + ca).

10.4 In the movie ”Prison break 4”. Michael Scofield has to break into The Company. There, he en-
countered a kind of code to protect Scylla from being taken away. This code require picking out
every number in a 2015 × 2015 grid satisfying:
i) The number right above of this number is ≡ 1 mod 2
ii) The number right on the right of this number is ≡ 2 mod 3
iii) The number right below of this number is ≡ 3 mod 4
iv) The number right on the right of this number is ≡ 4 mod 5 .
How many number does Schofield have to choose?
Also, in a n × n grid, the numbers from 1 to n2 are arranged in the following way :
On the first row, the numbers are written in an ascending order 1, 2, 3, 4, ..., n, each cell has one
number.
On the second row, the number are written in descending order 2n, 2n − 1, 2n − 2, ..., n + 1.
On the third row, it is ascending order again 2n + 1, 2n + 2, ..., 3n.
The numbers are written like that until nth row.
For example, this is how a 3 × 3 board looks like:[Link]
attachments/8/7/[Link]

11.1 On Cartesian plane, given a line defined by y = x + √1 .

2
a) Prove that every circle has center I ∈ d and radius is 18 has no integral point inside.
b) Find the greatest k > 0 such that the distance of every integral points to d is greater or equal
than k.

11.2 Given an isosceles triangle BAC with vertex angle ∠BAC = 20o . Construct an equilateral trian-
gle BDC such that D, A are on the same side wrt BC. Construct an isosceles triangle DEB with
vertex angle ∠EDB = 80o and C, E are on the different sides wrt DB. Prove that the triangle
AEC is isosceles at E.

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√
11.3 How many natural number n less than 2015 that is divisible by ⌊ 3 n⌋ ?

11.4 Students in a school are arranged in an order that when you count from left to right, there will
be n students in the first row, n − 1 students in the second row, n − 2 students in the third row,...
until there is one student in the nth row. All the students face to the first row. For example, here
is an arrangement for n = 5, where each ∗ represents one student: ∗ ∗∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ( first
row)
Each student will pick one of two following statement (except the student standing at the be-
ginning of the row):
i) The guy before me is telling the truth, while the guy standing next to him on the left is lying.
ii) The guy before me is lying, while the guy standing next to him on the left is telling the truth.
For n = 2015, find the maximum number of students telling the truth.
(A student is lying if what he said is not true. Otherwise, he is telling the truth.)

12.1 Given a set S ⊂ R+ , S ̸= ∅ such that for all a, b, c ∈ S (not necessarily distinct) then a3 + b3 +
c3 − 3abc is rational number. Prove that for all a, b ∈ S then a+b
a−b
is also rational.

12.2 Given a triangle ABC inscribed in circle (O) and let P be a point on the interior angle bisector
of BAC. P B, P C cut CA, AB at E, F respectively. Let EF meet (O) at M, N . The line that is
perpendicular to P M , P N at M, N respectively intersect (O) at S, T different from M, N . Prove
that ST ∥ BC.

12.3 Find all integes a, b, c, d that form an arithmetic progression satisfying d − c + 1 is prime number
and a + b2 + c3 = d2 b

12.4 Six mathematician sit around a round table. Each of them has a number and they do the follow-
ing transformation: Each time, two mathematician sitting next to each other is chosen, they will
add 1 to their own number. Is it possible to make all the six numbers equal if the initial numbers
are
a) 6,5,4,3,2,1
b) 7,5,3,2,1,4

– Seniors

10.1 Where n is a positive integer, the sequence an is determined by the formula

1 √
an+1 = − 2, a1 = 1.
a1 + a2 + ... + an

Find the limit of the sequence Sn defined by Sn = a1 + a2 + ... + an .

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10.2 Given triangle ABC and P, Q are two isogonal conjugate points in △ABC. AP, AQ intersects
(QBC) and (P BC) at M, N , respectively ( M, N be inside triangle ABC)
1. Prove that M, N, P, Q locate on a circle - named (I)
2. M N ∩ P Q at J. Prove that IJ passed through a fixed line when P, Q changed

10.3 Given a positive integer k. Find the condition of positive integer m over k such that there exists
only one positive integer n satisfying
k
nm |5n + 1,

10.4 Let n ∈ Z+ . Arrange n students A1 , A2 , ..., An on a circle such that the distances between them
[Link]. They each receives a number of candies such that the total amount of candies is
m ≥ n. A configuration is called balance if for an arbitrary student Ai , there will always be a
regular polygon taking Ai as one of its vertices, and every student standing at the vertices of
this polygon has an equal number of candies.
a) Given n, find the least m such that we can create a balance configuration.
b) In a move, a student can give a candy to the student standing next to him (no matter left or
right) on one condition that the receiver has less candies than the giver. Prove that if n is the
product of at most 2 prime numbers and m satisfies the condition in a), then no matter how we
distribute the candies at the beginning, one can always create a balance configuration after a
finite number of moves.

11.1 Let k ≥ 0 and a, b, c be three positive real numbers such that

a b c 2
+ + = (k + 1)2 + .
b c a k+1
Prove that
a2 + b2 + c2 ≤ (k 2 + 1)(ab + bc + ca).

11.2 Let ABC be a triangle with two isogonal points P and Q . Let D, E be the projection of P on
AB, AC. G is the projection of Q on BC. U is the projection of G on DE, L is the projection of
P on AQ, K is the symmetric of L wrt U G.
Prove that U K passes through a fixed point when P and Q vary.

11.3 Find all positive integers a, b, c satisfying (a, b) = (b, c) = (c, a) = 1 and
(
a2 + b | b2 + c
b2 + c | c2 + a

and none of prime divisors of a2 + b are congruent to 1 modulo 7

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12.1 Find the largest constant k such that the inequality

a3 − b3 b3 − c3 c3 − a3
a2 + b2 + c2 − ab − bc − ca ≥ k + +
a+b b+c c+a

holds for any for non negative real numbers a, b, c with (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) > 0.

12.2 Given a positive integer k. Prove that there are infinitely many positive integers n satisfy the
following conditions at the same time:
a) n has at least k distinct prime divisors
b) All prime divisors other than 3 of n have the form 4t + 1, with t some positive integer.
c) n|2σ(n) − 1
Here σ(n) demotes the sum of the positive integer divisors of n.

12.3 Triangle ABC is inscribed in circle (O). P is a point on arc BC that does not contain A such
that AP is the symmedian of triangle ABC. E, F are symmetric of P wrt CA, AB respectively .
K is symmetric of A wrt EF . L is the projection of K on the line passing through A and parallel
to BC. Prove that P A = P L.

12.4 We call the tribi of a positive integer k (denoted T (k)) the number of all pairs 11 in the binary
representation of k. e.g

T (1) = T (2) = 0, T (3) = 1, T (4) = T (5) = 0, T (6) = 1, T (7) = 2.

Pn
Calculate Sn = 2k=1 T (K).

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