Urinary System Multiple Choice Practice Test c.
Kidneys have three protective layers
d. The adrenal gland is located deep
1. Which of the following is a function of the within the kidney
urinary system?
a. Regulates water 9. Which protective layer of the kidney is
b. Regulates balance of acids, bases, and superficial, made of connective tissue, and
electrolytes holds the kidney in place?
c. Filters waste from blood a. Fibrous capsule
d. All of the above b. Fatty mass
c. Perirenal fat capsule
2. If a patient is unable to excrete nitrogenous d. Renal fascia
wastes from his or her body, you can conclude
that there is an issue with the: 10. A patient undergoes rapid weight loss, dropping
a. Lungs from 60% body at to 25% body fat. Because the
b. Skin fatty tissue decreased rapidly, his kidneys
c. Kidneys dropped, causing his ureters to bend. As a
d. Rectum result, the patient’s urine could no longer move
through the ureters, causing excessive pressure
3. Renin is a _______ produced by the _______. on the kidneys. What is this condition called?
a. Hormone, liver a. Hydronephrosis
b. Hormone, kidney b. Renal caliculi
c. Enzyme, liver, c. Pyuria
d. Enzyme, kidney d. Hematuria
4. Erythropoietin is a _______ that serves to Refer to the following image.
_______.
a. Hormone, regulate blood pressure
b. Hormone, stimulate red blood cell
production
c. Enzyme, regulate blood pressure
d. Enzyme, stimulate red blood cell
production
5. Kidney cells activate vitamin D.
a. True
b. False
6. Kidneys are located in the lower back.
a. True 11. Describe the role of structure C.
b. False a. Nerve supply to allow autonomic
responses by the kidney
7. You are a particle in the urine. In which order do b. Duct for the secretion of epinephrine
you encounter the following organs of the and norepinephrine from the adrenal
urinary system? medulla
a. Ureter, urethra, urinary bladder c. Carry urine from kidney to bladder
b. Ureter, urinary bladder, urethra d. Hollow tube for lymph, particularly
c. Urinary bladder, ureter, urethra glycerol
d. Urinary bladder, urethra, ureter
12. Structure A is the:
8. Which is true about the kidneys? a. Renal pyramids
a. They have very poor blood supply b. Renal medulla
b. Both kidneys are located at the same c. Renal cortex
height d. Renal pelvis
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13. Structure A is the: 21. Place the following structures in order: PCT,
a. Renal pyramids DCT, nephron loop.
b. Renal medulla a. PCT, DCT, nephron loop
c. Renal cortex b. Nephron loop, PCT, DCT
d. Renal pelvis c. DCT, nephron loop, PCT
d. PCT, nephron loop, DCT
14. Structure D is the:
a. Renal pyramids 22. Cortical nephrons are found in the _______,
b. Renal medulla while juxtamedullary nephrons are found by the
c. Renal cortex _______.
d. Renal pelvis a. Cortex, cortex-medulla junction
b. Cortex-medulla junction, cortex
15. Which artery will carry blood to the kidney? c. Collecting ducts, renal pyramids
a. Femoral artery d. Renal pyramids, renal medulla
b. Renal artery
c. Sciatic artery 23. Which process is not a part of urine formation?
d. Lumbar artery a. Glomerular absorption
b. Tubular reabsorption
16. What does PCT stand for? c. Glomerular filtration
a. Parietal capillary tube d. Tubular secretion
b. Parietal collecting tubule
c. Proximal convoluted tubule 24. This step of urine formation requires a pressure
d. Podocyte cortical tube gradient.
a. Tubular reabsorption
17. Bowman’s capsule is also known as: b. Glomerular filtration
a. Efferent capsule c. Tubular secretion
b. Afferent capsule d. None of the above
c. Glomerular capsule
d. Arcuate capsule 25. Christine has abnormally low urine output. She
measures her urine output to be 87 mL in one
18. Which is the best description of a glomerulus? day. What is this condition known as?
a. Knot of capillaries a. Oliguria
b. Bundle of nerves b. Anuria
c. Group of octopus-like cells with c. Urethritis
branching extensions d. Pyelonephritis
d. Cluster of renal columns
26. When does tubular reabsorption begin?
19. Nephrons have two main parts. What are they? a. Filtrate exits PCT
a. Glomerulus, renal tubule b. Filtrate enters PCT
b. Renal corpuscle, collecting ducts c. Filtrate exits DCT
c. PCT, DCT d. Filtrate enters DCT
d. Renal corpuscle, renal tubule
27. When does glucose enter capillary blood?
20. How does the structure of a podocyte influence a. Tubular reabsorption
its function? b. Glomerular filtration
a. Flat appearance to allow diffusion of c. Tubular secretion
ions and other minerals d. None of the above
b. Branching extensions with slits create
holes for filtration 28. Which step is critical for maintaining blood pH?
c. Many folds increase surface area for a. Tubular reabsorption
absorption b. Glomerular filtration
d. Cilia and ability to secrete mucus create c. Tubular secretion
slippery surface d. None of the above
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29. Water is transported actively. b. Hemoglobinuria
a. True c. Bilirubinuria
b. False d. Glycosuria
30. Poisons and drugs are transported actively. 38. Ureters, structurally and functionally, are most
a. True similar to which organ?
b. False a. Arrector pili
b. Choroid plexus
31. It is important to keep glucose and amino acids c. Pineal gland
in the filtrate. d. Esophagus
a. True
b. False 39. The urinary bladder is:
a. Collapsible
32. Which of the following is not a nitrogenous b. Completely sealed
waste? c. Anterior to the pubic symphysis
a. Urea d. Surrounded by renal calculi
b. Uric acid
c. Uracil 40. How much urine does the bladder normally
d. Creatinine hold when it is moderately full?
a. 50 mL
33. Uric acid is the final result of protein b. 500 mL
metabolism. c. 1000 mL
a. True d. 5000 mL
b. False
41. The internal urethral sphincter is _______ and
34. Urine will have the same composition as filtrate. the external urethral sphincter is _______.
a. True a. Involuntary, involuntary
b. False b. Voluntary, voluntary
c. Involuntary, voluntary
35. Which is false regarding urine? d. Voluntary, involuntary
a. Yellow colour comes from the
breakdown of hemoglobin 42. When the walls of the bladder are stretched,
b. More solvents in the urine cause deeper _______ receptors are stimulated.
yellow colour a. Pain receptors
c. The colour of urine depends on the diet b. Temperature receptors
and disease c. Proprioceptors
d. Urine is usually an acidic substance d. Stretch receptors
36. Round two! Which is false regarding urine? 43. Incontinence is…
a. The pH of urine can change, depending a. When a person cannot control the
on diet internal sphincter
b. Urine weighs more than water b. Normal for children younger than two
c. Urine typically contains sodium, years of age
potassium, and other ions c. The same as urinary retention
d. Urine typically contains glucose, bile, d. Caused by hyperplasia (enlargement) of
and proteins the prostate
37. Cindy loves sweets. Today, she ate a chocolate 44. Blood composition depends on:
cheesecake for breakfast, a plate of brownies a. Diet
for a snack, and enjoyed two donuts in the b. Cell metabolism
afternoon. Cindy undergoes a urine test. Which c. Output of urine
condition might her urologist say that she has? d. All of the above
a. Pyuria
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45. Place the following in order from most water 53. Ions follow water.
weight to least water weight. a. True
a. Men > women > babies b. False
b. Women > babies > men
c. Babies > women > men 54. Renin induces a combination of chemical
d. Babies > men > women reactions that eventually produce angiotensin II.
a. True
46. The majority of the water in the body is found b. False
in the extracellular fluid.
a. True 55. The renin-angiotensin mechanism is controlled
b. False primarily by:
a. Baroreceptors in blood vessels
47. Electrolytes are charged particles, also known as b. Juxtaglomerular cells in kidneys
ions. They conduct electrical currents. c. Collecting ducts in kidneys
a. True d. Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus
b. False
56. The purpose of the renin-angiotensin
48. Which brain structure plays a key role in the mechanism is:
thirst mechanism? a. To increase urinary retention to prevent
a. Thalamus incontinence
b. Hypothalamus b. To prevent urine from becoming overly
c. Medulla oblongata concentrated, causing kidney stones
d. Frontal lobe c. To regulate blood pressure
d. To prevent alkalosis or acidosis of blood
49. Most electrolytes enter the body through the
diet. 57. Angiotensin II acts directly on:
a. True a. Kidneys
b. False b. Arterioles
c. Adrenal cortex
50. Which hormone prevents excessive loss of d. B and C
water?
a. Atrial natriuretic peptide 58. Which chemical buffer system plays an
b. Antidiuretic hormone important role in maintaining pH in the body?
c. Renin a. Bicarbonate
d. Cortisone b. Phosphate
c. Protein buffer
51. Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the d. All of the above
adrenal medulla.
a. True 59. Which of the following is false?
b. False a. Fecal microorganisms cause infections
b. Bacteria cause sexually-transmitted
52. If a person did not produce aldosterone, what infections
would happen? c. If renal failure occurs, then dialysis must
a. He or she would have unregulated ion be done to maintain chemical
concentrations in the blood homeostasis
b. He or she would have highly-regulated d. None of the above are false
ion concentrations in the blood
c. He or she would be unable to perform 60. Which urinary system issue is not the result of
bicarbonate buffering age?
d. He or she would not experience the a. Less efficiency of tubule cells
thirst mechanism b. Polycystic kidney and hypospadias
c. Slower filtration
d. Decreased ability to concentrate urine
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Answer Key 52. A
53. B
1. D 54. A
2. C 55. B
3. D 56. C
4. B 57. D
5. A 58. D
6. B 59. D
7. B 60. B
8. C
9. D
10. A
11. C
12. A
13. D
14. C
15. B
16. C
17. C
18. A
19. D
20. B
21. D
22. A
23. A
24. B
25. B
26. B
27. A
28. C
29. B
30. A
31. B
32. C
33. B
34. B
35. B
36. D
37. D
38. D
39. A
40. B
41. C
42. D
43. B
44. D
45. D
46. B
47. A
48. B
49. A
50. B
51. B
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