GENESIS

(Post Graduation Medical orientation Centre)

Exam: Abdomen (Exam January'25)

Course: FCPS Part-1 Discipline: Surgery & Allied

Batch: Online P-1 Surgery Exam Plus Batch-3 Jan'2025

Year: 2025 Session: January'25 P-1 Candidate

1.
Abdominal aorta--

a) Passes downwards in front of vertebral column & on the right side of inferior venacava

b) Length is 10 cm to 11 cm

c) Lumber artery is lateral branch

d) Developed from the fusion of two primitive dorsal aortae

e) Posterior branches are splanchnic

FTFTF

a) Left side

c) Dorsal branch

e) Ventral & lateral branches

2.
Tributaries of inferior venacava are-

a) Pair of renal veins

b) Pair of gonadal veins

c) Pair of phrenic veins

d) Pair of suprarenal veins

e) Portal vein

TFTFF

[Ref: BD Chaurasia/9th/V-2/P-396-397

b) Rt. gonadal vein

d) Rt. supra-renal vein

e) hepatic veins.

[Ref: BD Chaurasia’s/8th/V-2/P-397]
[Ref: BD Chaurasia/9th/V-2/P-/P-397]

3.
What are the structures passes through muscular opening of Diaphragm
 a) Thoracic duct

b) Right phrenic nerve

c) Lymphatic’s

d) Oesophagus

e) Right & left vagus nerve

FFTTT

Explanation:

Structures passes through muscular opening (Esophageal) of Diaphragm:

a) Esophagus

b) Rt. & Lt. Vagal trunks

c) Oesophageal branches of Lt. gastric artery

[Ref: BD Chaurasia/9th/V-2/P-/P-390]

4.
Tributaries of superior mesenteric vein are-

a) Ileocolic vein

b) Middle colic vein

c) Superior rectal vein

d) Left colic vein

e) Rt. gastroepiploic vein

TTFFT

Tributaries of superior mesenteric vein:

Right gastro-epiploic vein

Inferior pancreatico duodenal vein
Middle colic vein
Right colic vein
Illio colic vein

[Ref: Vishram Singh/4th/V-2/P-/P-150]

5.
The epiploic foramen is bounded by-

a) Abdominal aorta

b) Hepatoduodenal ligament

c) Inferior vena cava

d) Quadrate lobe of the liver

e) First part of the duodenum

FTTFT
[Ref: BD Chaurasia/9th/V-2/P-/P-282]

6.
Small intestine is differed from large intestine that it has--

a) Narrower lumen

b) Less mobile

c) Presence of circular mucosal fold

d) Payers patches must be absent

e) Sacculation may be present

TFTFF

b. More mobile as most of that part is covered by peritoneum

d. Peyer’s patches must be present and it is the differentiating point in between small and large intestine

e. Sacculation in the characteristic feature of large intestine

[Ref: Vishram Singh/3rd/V-2/P-145]

[Ref: Vishram Singh/4th/V-2/P-/P-139]

7.
Regarding the relation of the 3rd part of the Duodenum –

a) Anteriorly – Superior mesenteric vessels

b) Posteriorly – right ureter

c) Superiorly – head of the parcreas with uncinate process

d) Inferiorly – right psoas major

e) Inferiorly – coils of jejnum

TTTFT

[Ref: BD/8th/P-307,308]

Explanation:

d) Posteriorly – Right psoas major.

[Ref: BD Chaurasia/9th/V-2/P-/P-306]

8.
Meckel’s Diverticulum

a) Calibre of diverticulum is of half the calibre of ileum

b) The diverticulum may be inflamed & this may spread to peritoneal cavity

c) Is a remnant of allantonis

d) May produce intestinal obstruction

e) Found two half to ileocecal junction

FTFTF

a) Same caliber

c) Vitello-intestinal duct

e) Proximal

[Ref: Datta/10th /P-180]

9.
Structure which lies behind the caecum are-

a) Iliacus

b) Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh

c) Ureter

d) Gonadal artery

e) Psoas major

TTFTT

Structures related with Caecum:

Anteriorly

* Coils of intestine

* Anterior abdominal wall

Posteriorly- Muscles:

* Right psoas

* Illiacus

Nerve:

* Genitofemoral

* Femoral
* Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh

Vessels:

* Testicular or ovarian

Appendix in the retrocecal recess

[Ref: BD Chaurasia/9th/V-2/P-/P-314]
[Ref: -- A.K Datta/10th/V-1//P-185]

10.
The following statement is correct regarding the anal canal-

a) Anal valves lies along the pectinate line

b) It pierces the urogenital diaphragm

c) Anal fissure & fistula occurs in the pectinate line.

d) Its lining epithelium is stratified columnar type

e) It is developed from the hindgut only

TFTFF

d) Linning epithelium:

Upper mucous part- Simple columnar epithelium

Middle transitional part- non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

Lower cutaneous part – Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

e) Development:

Upper part developed from – Hindgut (endoderm)

Lower part developed from- Proctodeal (ectoderm)

[Ref: BD/8th/P-448.485/V-2]

[Ref: BD Chaurasia/9th/V-2/P-/P-480]
[Ref: BD Chaurasia/9th/V-2/P-/P-482]

11.
Regarding internal anal sptineter

a) Formed by thickened circular muscle coat of gut

b) It covers lower 1/3rd of the external anal sphincter

c) It extends from upper end of the anal canal to Hilton’s white line

d) It is involuntary in nature

e) Separated from mucosa by external venous plexus

TFTTF

b) Upper 2/3rd

e) Internal venous plexus

[Ref: -- A.K Datta/10th/V-1//P-201]

12.
Pudendal nerve-

a) Root value is L2-L4

b) Supply upper part of vagina

c) Autonomic supply

d) Content of pudendal canal

e) Passes through greater sciatic foramen

FFTTT

a) S2, S3, S4

b) lower part

. Pudendal nerve is the main nerve of perineum. and external genitalia.

[Ref: Vishram Singh/4th/V-2/P-/P-221]

13.
Internal iliac artery-

a) It terminates into 2 branches

b) Anterior division has 2 arteries

c) Posterior division has 9 branches

d) Is mainly supplies the pelvic organ

e) Gonadal branch is the terminal branch

FFFTF

Branches of Internal iliac artery:

Anterior division:

In male:6 branches-

1) Superior vesical artery

2) Inferior Vesical

3) Middle rectal

4) Inferior gluteal

5) Internal pudendal artery

6) Obturator artery

In female: 7 branches

1) Inferior vesicale artery is replaced by vaginal artery & 7th branch is uterine artery

Posterior division:

1) Superior gluteal artery

2) Iliolumber artery

3) Two lateral sacral artery

[Ref: -- A.K Datta/10th/V-1//P-330]

14. Contents of leinorenal ligament

a) Short gastric vessels
b) Splenic vessel
c) Sympathetic nerves
d) Pancreatic splenic lymph node
e) Left gastroepiploic vessel
FTTTF

Explanation:
a) Gastrospleenic ligament
e) Left gastroepiploic vessel
Content of lieno-renal ligament:
* Splenic vessels
* Nerves
* Lymphatics
* Sometimes the tail of pancreas
Content of Gastro- splenic ligament
* Short gastric vessels
* Left gastro-epiploic vessels

[Ref: -- A.K Datta/10th/V-1//P-229]

15. Posterior relation of head of pancreas lies over

a) IVC
b) Right renal vein
c) Hepatic artery
d) Gastroduodenal artery
e) Superior mesenteric vein
TTFFF

Posterior relation of head of pancreas:

* Inferior Vena cava

* Terminal parts of renal veins

* Right crus of the diaphragm

* Bile duct

[Ref: BD Chaurasia/9th/V-2/P-/P-350]

16. Accessory pancreatic tissue may be--

a) In Stomach wall
b) In Common bile duct
c) In Greater omentum
d) Lesser omentum
e) Hilum of spleen
TFTFT

Explanation:
Accessory pancreatic tissue may be found in:
* Stomach wall
* Duodenum (most common)
* Small intestine
* Meckel’s diverticulum
* Greater omentum
* Hilum of spleen
[Ref: Vishram Singh/4th/V-2/P-/P-127]

17. During splenectomy which structure are not cut

a) Short gastric artery
b) Splenic artery
c) Gastrosplenic ligament
d) Lino-renal ligament
e) Gastro-colic ligament
FFFFT

Explanation:
In elective splenectomy, the gastrosplenic ligament is
opened and the short gastric vessels are divided. The splenic vessels at the superior border of the pancreas are
suture ligated. Division of the posterior leaf of the lienorenal ligament with long curved scissors on the posterior
surface of the spleen helps to rotate and deliver the spleen medially into the laparotomy wound along with the
tail and body of the pancreas

[Ref: Bailey & Love’s/28th/P-1230]

18. The suprarenal gland-

a) Lies in front of crus of the diaphragm
b) Devoid of peritoneum
c) Developed from cloaca
d) Supplied by direct branch of abdominal aorta
e) Closely related to pancreas
TTFTT

c) Development of Suprarenal gland-

i) Cortex – from mesoderm

ii) Medulla – from neural crest

[Ref: BD Chaurasia/9th/V-2/P-/P-383]

19. Which of the following are extra peritoneal structures that can be reached surgically with an extra
peritoneal approach?
a) The ureter
b) The external iliac artery
c) The appendix
d) The bladder
e) The lumbar sympathetic chain
TTFTT

Organs that lie outside the peritoneal cavity are called extraperitoneal or retroperitoneal
Primary retroperitoneal
* Kidney
* Supra-renal glands
* Ureter
Secondarily retroperitoneal
* Pancreas (except tail)
* Duodenum (except initial 2cm)
* Ascending colon
* Descending colon
* Caecum
* Rectum (upper ⅔)
[Ref: BD Chaurasia/9th/V-2/P-/P-272]
[Ref: Vishram Singh/4th/V-2/P-/P-71]

20. Posterior wall of lesser sac is formed by-

a) Stomach
b) Pancreas
c) Right suprarenal gland
d) Transverse colon
e) Spleen
FTFTT

Boundaries of lesser sac:

Anterior-

* Peritoneum covering caudate lobe & caudate process of liver.

* Posterior layer of lesser omentum

* Peritoneum covering posterior surface of stomach

* Second layer of greater omentum.

Posterior-

* Third layer of greater omentum

* Peritoneum covering anterousperior surface of transverse colon

* Upper layer of transverse mesocolon

* Peritoneum covering the anterosuperior surface of body of pancreas, left suprarenal, left kidney, splenic vessels
and diaphragm

[Ref: BD Chaurasia/9th/V-2/P-/P-282]

21. Constriction of ureter-

a) Ureter pelvic junction
b) Crossing of iliac vein
c) Just position of broad ligament
d) Above the vas deferens
e) Ureteric orifice
TFTFT

Explanation:

Ureter pelvic junction

Crossing of iliac artery

Just position of broad ligament

At the vas deferens

Ureteric orifice

[Ref: Bailey&Love’s/27th/P-1407]

22. Tunica albuginea present in which structure

a) Testis
b) Scrotum
c) Ovary
 d) Penis
e) Epididymis
TFTFF

Explanation:

a) In testis, tunica albuginea is a thick fibrous membrane which invests the entire testis.

c) In ovary- cortex pf consists of stroma cell which are thickly arranged beneath the germinal epithelium to form
the tunica-albuginea

[Ref: -- A.K Datta/10th/V-1//P-288]

23. The pudendal nerve:

a) Is derived from the ventral rami of the 2nd , 3rd and 4th sacral nerves
b) Passes between the piriformis and the coccygeus muscles
c) Passes through the lesser sciatic foramen
d) Passes through the greater sciatic foramen
e) Lies on the medial wall of the ischio-rectal fossa
TTTFF

Explanation:

c) Pudendal nerve passes through the greater sciatic foramen below piriformis

e) Pudendal carol situated in the lateral wall of ischio-rectal fossa containing internal pudendal vessels and
pudendal nerve

[Ref: -- A.K Datta/10th/V-1//P-333]

24. Regarding inguinal canal

a) Wall is formed by the muscular layers of the abdominal wall
b) Roof is formed by arching free edge of the aponeurosis of transverses abdominis muscle
c) Floor is formed by lacunar ligament
d) Contraction of the internal oblique strengthen the canal
e) Persistent procesus vaginalis causes direct inguinal hernia
FTTTF

Explanation:

Anterior wall formation:

In its whole extent-

* Skin

* Superficial fascia

* External oblique aponeurosis

In its lateral one-third- fleshy fibres of internal oblique muscle.

Posterior wall formation:

In its whole extent-

* Fascia transversalis

* Extra-peritoneal tissue

* Parietal peritoneum.

In its medial two-third –

*Conjoint tendon
* At its medial end by reflected part of inguinal ligament

[Ref. BD Chaurasia/9th/ V-2/ P-249,250]

[Ref: BD Chaurasia/9th/V-2/P-/P-250]

25. Anterior abdominal wall receives supply from following nerves

a) Subcostal
b) Ilioinguinal
c) Iliohypogastric
d) Genitofemoral
e) Obturator
TTTFF

Explanation:
The Anterior Abdominal wall is supplied by:
b) Branch of 1st lumbar nerve
1. Lower six thoracic nerves
c) Branch of 1st lumbar nerve
· Lower five Intercostal nerve
d) Branch from L1 & L2 nerve
· Subcostal nerve

2. 1st lumbar nerve

[Ref: Vishram Singh/4th/V-2/P-/P-35]

26.
The superior suprarenal arteries arise from the following arteries:

a) Splenic

b) Renal

c) Superior mesenteric

d) Abdominal aorta

e) Inferior phrenic

[Ref: Datta/10th/V-1/P-136]

Explanation:

Inferior phrenic arteries are paired vessels and considered as the first branch of abdominal aorta. Both Phrenic
arteries give off superior suprarenal arteries to the corresponding suprarenal gland

[Ref: A.K Datta Thorax, Abdomen/10th/P-/P-136]

27.
During open cholecystectomy OT surgeon accidentally entered the scissors into the tissues immediately
posterior to the epiploic foramen. The surgical field immediately filled with blood. Which of the following
vessels was most likely to be injured?

a) Abdominal aorta

b) IVC

c) Portal vein

d) Right renal vein

 e) Superior mesenteric vein
B

[Ref: BD Chaurasia/9th/V-1/P-/P-282]

28.
Which vessel directly drain into inferior venacava

a) Left suprarenal artery

b) Left testicular artery

c) Splenic vein

d) Superior mesenteric vein

e) Renal veins

Tributaries of the inferior vena cava

· Lumbar veins.

· Right gonadal vein.

· Renal veins.

· Right suprarenal vein.

· Inferior phrenic veins.

· Hepatic veins.

· Common iliac veins

[Ref: Vishram Singh/4th/V-2/P-/P-182]

29.
Which of the following venous tributaries to the portal system anastomoses with caval vein to cause
esophageal varices?

a) Splenic

b) Left gastroomental

c) Left gastric

d) Left hepatic

e) Right gastric

At the lower end of Oesophagus- oesophageal tributaries of left gastric vein (portal system) communicate with
oesophageal tributaries of hemiazygos vein. In portal obstruction these vein are distended producing esophageal
varices

[Ref: -- A.K Datta/10th/V-1//P-234]

30. An 80 year old lady with a caecal carcinoma is undergoing a right hemicolectomy performed through a
transverse incision. The procedure is difficult and the incision is extended medially by dividing the rectus
sheath. Brisk arterial haemorrhage ensues. From which of the following does the damaged vessel
originate?
a) Internal iliac artery
b) External iliac artery
 c) Superior vesical artery
d) Inferior vesical artery
e) Internal thoracic artery
B

The vessel damaged is the inferior epigastric artery. This originates from the external iliac artery

[Ref: Vishram/4th/V-II/P-36-37]

[Ref: Vishram Singh/4th/V-2/P-/P-37]

31. A posteriorly perforating peptic ulcer will most likely produce peritonitis in the following site-
a) Greater sac
b) Lesser sac
c) Bare area of liver
d) Morrison’s Pouch
e) Callot’s Triangle
B

Explanation:

Posterior inferior surface of stomach is covered with peritoneum of lesser sac. So posteriorly perforating peptic
ulcer will produce peritonitis of lesser sac.

[Ref: BD/7th/P-281]

[Ref: Datta/10th/P-162]

32. A 38-year-old woman with peptic ulcer disease of the stomach experiences severe abdominal pain. Which
of the following nervous structures is most likely involved?
a) Greater splanchnic nerve
b) Ventral roots of the spinal nerve
c) Lower intercostal nerve
d) Vagus nerve
e) Gray ramus communicans
A

Explanation:

The greater splanchnic nerve carries pain fibers from the upper GI tract. Neither the ventral roots of the spinal
nerves nor the gray rami communicantes contain sensory nerve fibers. The vagus nerve contains sensory fibers
associated with reflexes, but it does not contain pain fibers. The lower intercostal nerves carry general somatic
afferent (GSA) pain fibers from the diaphragm, abdominal wall, and peritoneum but not GVA pain fibers from the
GI tract

[Ref: Vishram/4th/V-II/P-92-93]

[Ref: Vishram Singh/4th/V-2/P-/P-93]

33. Following arteries supply the stomach except-

a) Branch of Splenic artery
b) Branch of common hepatic artery
c) Branch of hepatic artery proper
d) Branch of Superior mesenteric artery
e) Branch of celiac trunk
D

Stomach is supplied by –

1. Left gastric artery, a direct branch from the coeliac trunk.

2. Right gastric artery, a branch of the common hepatic artery.

3. Left gastroepiploic artery, a branch of the splenic artery.

4. Right gastroepiploic artery, a branch of the gastroduodenal artery.

5. Short gastric arteries (five to seven in number), branches of the splenic artery.
[Ref: Vishram Singh/4th/V-2/P-/P-91]

34. A 40 years old man present with duodend ulcer and hematemesis-
a) due to erosion of hepatic artery
b) Sup. pancreaticoduodenal artery
c) Inf. pancreaticoduodenal artery
d) Gastroduodenal artery
e) Rt gasto-epipoloic artery
D

Explanation:

Due to eroding of gastroduodenal artery

[Ref: Bailey & Love’s/28th/P-1106]

35. A 45 year old female is admitted in the hospital with symptoms of upper bowel obstruction. In upon CT
scan it is found that the 3rd part of duodenum is being compressed by a large vessel. Which of the
following vessels will most likely be causing the compression?
a) Inferior mesenteric artery
b) Superior mesenteric artery
c) Inferior mesenteric vein
d) Portal vein
e) Splenic vein
B

[Ref: BD Chaurasia’s/8th/V-2/P-310]
[Ref: BD Chaurasia/9th/V-2/P-/P-309]

36. While performing exploratory laparotomy in a patient with a firearm injury to the abdomen, the surgeon
says, 'Oh the bullet has perforated the large bowel!’ Which of the following characteristics of the bowel
enabled the surgeon to identify it specifically as large bowel?
a) Serosa
b) Circular folds
c) Continuous longitudinal muscle layer
d) Epiploic appendages
e) Valvulae conniventes
D

There are three features that distinguish the large intestine from the small intestines. The large intestine does
not have a continuous longitudinal muscle layer — instead, it has three strips of longitudinal muscle known as
taeniae coli. There are small bags of visceral peritoneum filled with fat attached to the taeniae coli called
Appendices epiploicae. Finally, large intestine is folded into sacculations known as haustra

[Ref: Vishram/4th/V-II/P-138-139]

[Ref: Vishram Singh/4th/V-2/P-/P-139]

37. Which valve guard the appendicular orifice?

a) Gerlach valve
b) Cardinal valve
c) Caecal valve
d) Ruston valve
e) Semilunar valve
A
Explanation:

The appendicular orifice is situated on the posterior medial aspect of caecum 2cm below the ileocecal orifice.
And the appendicular orifice it’s occasionally guarded by semilunar fold of mucous membrane, knowns as the
Valve of Gerlach

[Ref: Vishram Singh/4th/V-2/P-/P-142]

[Ref: BD Chaurasia/9th/V-2/P-/P-315]

38. Vermiform appendix is known as abdominal tonsil. Which position of vermiform appendix is most
dangerous?
a) Retrocecal position
b) Pre-ileal position
c) Pelvic position
d) Sub-cecal position
e) Promontoric position
B

Explanation:

Pre-ileal position is the most dangerous because inflammation from the appendix spreads into the general
peritoneal cavity

[Ref: Vishram Singh/4th/V-2/P-/P-143]

39. A 20 years old man present with an indirect inguinal hernia and undergoes surgery. The deep inguinal ring
is exposed and hold with a retractor at its medial aspect. Which structure is most likely to lie under the
retractor?
a) Internal iliac artery
b) Lateral border of rectus abdominis
c) Inferior epigastric artery
d) Femoral artery
e) Ureter
C

The deep inguinal ring is bounded superolaterally by fascia transversalis inferomedially by inferior epigastric
artery.

[Ref: BD Chaurasia/9th/V-2/P-/P-248]

40. Independent segment of liver in blood supply & nutrition-

a) I
b) III
c) V
d) VI
e) VIII
A

Explanation:

Segment-I, or caudate lobe is the independent segment as it is supplied by both right left branch of hepatic artery
and right left branch of portal vein.

[Ref: Datta /10th /V-1/P-207]

[Ref: Datta/9th /V-1/P-243]

41. Liver is maintaining its position by the -

a) Inferior venacava
b) Intra-abdominal muscles
c) Ligaments of the liver
 d) Lesser omentum
e) Falciform ligament
A

Explanation:

Factors keeping liver in position:

Hepatic veins draining into inferior vena cava.

Intra-abdominal pressure which is maintained by the tone of the abdominal muscles

Ligaments of Liver

[Ref: -- A.K Datta/10th/V-1//P-202]

42. A middle aged fair lady come to surgery OPD, than according to the suggestion of R/S she get admitted
under surgery unit, diagnosed as a case of cholelithiasis. On laparoscopic cholecystectomy, there is some
liver injury by surgeon. Where surgeon should give a drain tube-
a) Calot’s triangle
b) Right paracolic gutter
c) Morison’s pouch
d) Undersurface of liver
e) G.B fossa
C

Explanation:

Hepatorenal pouch or Morison’s pouch:

In supine position, it is the most dependent part of fluid peritoneal cavity above the pelvic brim. Hence third from
various location will tend to collect here

[Ref: Vishram Singh/4th/V-2/P-/P-80]

43. Regulation of bile secretion is controlled by -

a) Sphincter of Oddi
b) Sphincter of Boyden
c) Sphincter of Wirsung
d) Common bile duct
e) Sphincter of Santorini
A

When fatty food in the duodenum, cholecystokinin release and CCK causes contraction of GB & relaxation of the
sphincter of Oddi. Thus sphincter of Oddi regulate secretion of bile.

[Ref: BD Chaurasia/9th/V-2/P-/P-339]
44. Which of the following structures is most likely being obstructed in the carcinoma of head of pancreas..
a) Common bile duct
b) Common hepatic duct
c) Cystic duct
d) Accessory pancreatic duct
e) Proper hepatic artery
A

Explanation:

Common bile duct lies in a groove on the posterior surface of the head of pancreas Carcinoma is common in the
head of the pancreas. Pressure over the posteriorly placed bile duct leads to persistent obstructive jaundice

[Ref: -- A.K Datta/10th/V-1//P-218]

[Ref: BD Chaurasia/9th/V-2/P-/P-]

45. On observing a contrast enhanced CT scan of abdomen, doctor see that, behind the neck of pancreas
there is a large caliber vascular structure. At which vertebra level machine take the slice-
a) L1
b) L2
c) L3
d) L12
e) L4
B

Explanation:

Portal vein is formed by the union of superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein behind the neck of pancreas, in
front of the inferior vena cava at the levelof L2 vertebra

[Ref: -- A.K Datta/10th/V-1//P-233]

46. During pancreatic surgery, which structure is likely to be injured during removal of head of pancreas
a) Abdominal aorta
b) Splenic artery
c) Portal vein
d) IVC
e) Celiac trunk
D

Posterior relation of head of pancreas-

* Inferior vena cava

* Terminal parts of renal vein

* Right crus of the diaphragm

* Bile duct

[Ref: -- A.K Datta/10th/V-1//P-350]

47. On laparoscopic adrenalectomy which structure is most commonly injured?

a) Pancreatic head
b) Spleen
c) Duodenum
d) Right dome of diaphragm
e) Right renal vein
E

Explanation:
Right renal vein is short and drained into IVC posterolaterally. This can be avulsed easily and difficult to control
[Ref: Vishram Singh/4th/V-2/P-/P-171]

48. Which one is the primary retroperitoneal organ?

a) Pancreas
b) Colon
c) Caecum
d) Kidney
e) Rectum
D

Explanation:

Retroperitoneal organs:

* Primary retroperitoneal-

Suprarenal glands

Ureters

*Secondarily retroperitoneal- Pancreas (except tail)

Duodenum

(Except initial 2 cm)

Ascending colon

Descending colon

Caecum

Rectum

(Upper2/3)

[Ref: Vishram/4th/P-71/V-2/T-6.4]

[Ref: Vishram Singh/4th/V-2/P-/P-71]

49. Which is the most dependant part of peritoneal cavity below the pelvic brim?
a) Rectouterine pouch
b) Hepatorenal pouch
c) Rectovaginal pouch
d) Epiploic foramen
e) Sacral hiatus
A

Explanation:

Rectouterine pouch incase of female and rectovesicalpouch incase of male

[Ref: Vishram/4th/P-83/V-2/T-6.4]

[Ref: Vishram Singh/4th/V-2/P-/P-83]

50. Which one is the most constricted part of ureter?

a) At the pelvi ureteral junction
b) At the brim of lesser pelvis
c) At its passes through bladder wall
d) Crossing of ureter by ductus deferens or broad ligament of uterus
e) At its opening in lateral angle of trigone
C
Explanation:

Usually three constrictions are present:

i) At the pelvis-ureteric region which corresponds with lower pole of kidney

ii) At the pelvic brim

iii) at the point where the ureter pierces the bladder wall. It is the narrowest of all constrictions

[Ref: A.K Datta Thorax, Abdomen/10th/P-/P-265]