VELAMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE, CHENNAI – 66

(An Autonomous Institution, Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)

Assignment 3

Ques. No. 1. The unique feature of imaging radar is its ability to ___ over virtually
any region at any time, regardless of whether or ambient lighting conditions.
(a) Penetrate clouds
(b) Collect data
(c) Flash camera
(d) Illuminate
Show Answer
Answer: (b) Collect data
Ques. No. 2. ___ is one of the simplest and most appealing areas of digital image
processing.
(a) Image acquisition
(b) Segmentation
(c) Morphological processing
(d) Image enhancement
Show Answer
Answer: (d) Image enhancement
Ques. No. 3. With reference to sense, two elements used to acquire digital images are
a physical device and ___.
(a) Digitalizer
(b) Hardware bus
(c) Regional representation
(d) ALU
Show Answer
Answer: (a) Digitalizer
Ques. No. 4. Which of the following is used for recording images for hardcopy
devices?
(a) Optical fiber
(b) Touch screen
(c) Heat-sensitive devices
(d) Transparent film
Show Answer
Answer: (c) Heat-sensitive devices
Ques. No. 5. Which of the following quantity describes the quality of the achromatic
light source?
(a) Refraction
(b) Dullness
(c) Luminance
(d) Reflectivity
Show Answer
Answer: (c) Luminance
Ques. No. 6. The types of images are generated by the combination of an
“illumination” source and ___ of energy from that source by the elements of the
“scene” being image(d)
(a) The reflection
(b) Refraction
(c) Luminance
(d) Transmittance
Show Answer
Answer: (a) The reflection
Ques. No. 7. One-dimensional imaging sensor strips that respond to various bands of
the electromagnetic spectrum are mounted ___ to the direction of flight.
(a) At 4000 * 4000 elements
(b) Ring configuration
(c) At 180 degrees
(d) At 90 degrees
Show Answer
Answer: (d) At 90 degrees
Ques. No. 8. Individual sensors can be arranged in the form of a 2-D array. Numerous
electromagnetic and some ultrasonic sensing devices are arranged frequently in an
array format. This is also the predominant arrangement found in ___.
(a) Point and shoot cameras
(b) Digital cameras
(c) Viewfinder cameras
(d) Box cameras
Show Answer
Answer: (b) Digital cameras
Ques. No. 9. If the function is under-sampled, then a phenomenon called ___ corrupts
the sampled image.
(a) Zooming
(b) Aliasing
(c) Pixel replicating
(d) Duplicating
Show Answer
Answer: (b) Aliasing
Ques. No. 10. The key difference between ‘zooming and shrinking’ and ‘sampling and
quantizing’ an original continuous image is that zooming and shrinking are applied to
a ___ image.
(a) Digital
(b) Colour
(c) Undersampled
(d) Oversampled
Show Answer
Answer: (a) Digital
Ques. No. 11. For___, the value of the distance (length of path) between two pixels
depends on the values of the pixels along the path and those of their neighbors.
(a) Dots
(b) Pixels
(c) Distance measures
(d) m-connectivity
Show Answer
Answer: (d) m-connectivity
Ques. No. 12. Mixed adjacency is a modification of ___ and is used to eliminate the
multiple path connections that often arise when 8-adjacency is used.
(a) 4-adjacency
(b) 8-adjacency
(c) m-adjacency
(d) 2-adjacency
Show Answer
Answer: (b) 8-adjacency
Ques. No. 13. Noise added to an image generally has a higher spatial-frequency
spectrum than the normal image components because of its spatial ___.
(a) Homomorphic filtering
(b) De-corelatedness
(c) Median filtering
(d) Statistical Differencing
Show Answer
Answer: (b) De-corelatedness
Ques. No. 14. Non-linear techniques often provide a better trade-off between ___ and
the retention of fine image detail.
(a) Noise smoothing
(b) Image integration
(c) Noise spike
(d) Convolution filtering
Show Answer
Answer: (a) Noise smoothing
Ques. No. 15. ___ experiments indicate that a photograph or visual signal with
accentuated or crispened edges is often more subjectively pleasing than an exact
photometric reproduction.
(a) False color
(b) Enhancement procedures
(c) Histogram modification
(d) Psychophysical
Show Answer
Answer: (d) Psychophysical
Ques. No. 16. ___ involves the generation of an image by dividing each pixel value by
its estimated standard deviation.
(a) Homomorphic filtering
(b) Statistical differencing
(c) Pseudocolor
(d) Median filtering
Show Answer
Answer: (b) Statistical differencing
Ques. No. 17. In the ___ model, the imaging devices consist of lenses, mirrors, prisms
and so on which can provide a deterministic transformation of an input spatial light
distribution to some output spatial light distribution.
(a) Optical system
(b) General image restoration
(c) Photographic process
(d) Discrete image restoration
Show Answer
Answer: (a) Optical system
Ques. No. 18. ___ can be obtained by a variety of processes. The most common
technique is to produce a positive print from a color negative transparency onto non-
reversal color paper.
(a) Reflection print
(b) Colour print
(c) Positive reflection print
(d) Transparency
Show Answer
Answer: (b) Colour print
Ques. No. 19. In the ___ technique, an ideal image is passed through a linear spatial
degradation system with an impulse response combined with additive noise for the
restoration of continuous images.
(a) Optical system
(b) Blur impulse response
(c) Blind image restoration
(d) Linear filtering
Show Answer
Answer: (d) Linear filtering
Ques. No. 20. Improved restoration quality is possible with ___ techniques, which
incorporate a priori statistical knowledge of the noise field.
(a) Restoration filtering
(b) Inverse filtering
(c) Wiener filtering
(d) Linear filtering
Show Answer
Answer: (c) Wiener filtering
Ques. No. 21. ___ morphological algorithms are often implemented in digital image
processing hardware by a pixel stacker followed by a look-up table (LUT).
(a) Close and open
(b) Dilation and erosion
(c) Hit-or-miss
(d) Additive operators
Show Answer
Answer: (c) Hit-or-miss
Ques. No. 22. One of the basic additive operators is:
Diagonal Fill: Create a black pixel if creation eliminates the eight-connectivity of the
___.
(a) Background
(b) Connected neighbor
(c) Foreground
(d) Unconnected neighbor
Show Answer
Answer: (a) Background
Ques. No. 23. One of the basic subtractive operators is ___: Erase a black pixel with
eight white neighbors.
(a) Spur Remove
(b) Interior Pixel Remove
(c) Eight neighbors erode
(d) Isolated Pixel Remove
Show Answer
Answer: (d) Isolated Pixel Remove
Ques. No. 24. Shrinking, thinning, and ___ are forms of conditional erosion in which
the erosion process is controlled to prevent total erasure and to ensure connectivity.
(a) Closed operation
(b) Skeletonizing
(c) Open operation
(d) Erosion
Show Answer
Answer: (b) Skeletonizing
Ques. No. 25. ___ is an array of numbers that are randomly distributed in amplitude
and governed by some joint probability density.
(a) Discrete stochastic field
(b) Texture
(c) Median
(d) Image feature
Show Answer
Answer: (a) Discrete stochastic field
Ques. No. 26 ___ analysis has proved successful in the detection and classification of
coal miners’ black lung disease.
(a) Stochastic field
(b) Texture
(c) Fourier spectral
(d) Prototype
Show Answer
Answer: (c) Fourier spectral
Ques. No. 27. The ___ function has been suggested as the basis of a texture measure.
(a) Edge Detection
(b) Autocorrelation
(c) Fourier Spectral
(d) Transform coefficient
Show Answer
Answer: (b) Autocorrelation
Ques. No. 28. In ___, the principal approaches in the second category are based on
partitioning an image into regions that are similar according to a set of predefined
criteria.
(a) Non-uniform illumination
(b) Segmentation
(c) Quadtree
(d) Global threshold
Show Answer
Answer: (b) Segmentation
Ques. No. 29. In developing performance criteria for an edge detector, it is wise to
distinguish between ___ and auxiliary information to be obtained from the detector.
(a) Alternate
(b) Mandatory
(c) Minimal
(d) Analyzed
Show Answer
Answer: (b) Mandatory
Ques. No. 30. The edge location for discrete ___ edges is usually marked at the
higher-amplitude side of an edge transition.
(a) Step
(b) Spot
(c) Luminance
(d) Line
Show Answer
Answer: (a) Step
Ques. No. 31. Colour images may be described quantitatively at each pixel by a set of
three tristimulus values T1, T2, and T3, which are proportional to the amount of red,
green, and blue primary lights required to match the ___ color.
(a) Image
(b) Wavelet
(c) Pixellation
(d) Pixel
Show Answer
Answer: (d) Pixel
Ques. No. 32. In thresholding, if T depends on the spatial coordinates x and y, the
threshold is called ___.
(a) Adaptive
(b) Gray level
(c) Dynamic
(d) Global
Show Answer
Answer: (c) Dynamic
Ques. No. 33. ___ by gradient operations tends to work well in cases involving images
with sharp intensity transitions and relatively low noise.
(a) Edge linking
(b) Convolution
(c) Edge detection
(d) First-order derivatives
Show Answer
Answer: (c) Edge detection
Ques. No. 34. ___ information is utilized by edge linking operation, therefore edge
detection algorithms typically are followed by linking procedure to assemble edge
pixels into meaningful edges.
(a) Local edge
(b) Segmentation
(c) Edge detection
(d) Boundary detection
Show Answer
Answer: (a) Local edge
Ques. No. 35. The simplest approach to linking edge points is to analyze the
characteristics of pixels in a small neighborhood about every point (x, y) in an image
that has undergone edge detection is known as ___.
(a) Edge linking process
(b) Image segmentation
(c) Local processing
(d) Expansion of the node
Show Answer
Answer: (c) Local processing
Ques. No. 36. ___ is the dimension of box width for image-oriented box regions.
(a) Image-oriented bounding box
(b) Image-oriented box height
(c) Image-oriented box width
(d) Image oriented box ratio
Show Answer
Answer: (c) Image-oriented box width
Ques. No. 37. ___ algorithms can be classified as sequential or parallel.
(a) Thinning and skeletonizing
(b) Sequential
(c) Contour following
(d) Voronoi tesselation
Show Answer
Answer: (a) Thinning and skeletonizing
Ques. No. 38. ___can be classified as raster scan or contour following.
(a) Fourier descriptors
(b) Sequential algorithms
(c) Spatial moment
(d) Topological attributes
Show Answer
Answer: (b) Sequential algorithms
Ques. No. 39. A multi-dimensional wavelet transform is frequently referred to in the
literature as a ___.
(a) Standard decomposition
(b) Wavelet decomposition
(c) Stationary signal
(d) Non-standard decomposition
Show Answer
Answer: (b) Wavelet decomposition
Ques. No. 40. The standard Fourier transform is especially useful for ___ signals.
(a) Stationary
(b) Bandwidth
(c) Dilation
(d) Non-standard decomposition
Show Answer
Answer: (a) Stationary
Ques. No. 41. An image may be subject to ___ and ___ from several sources including
electrical sensor noise, photographic grain noise, and channel errors.
(a) Amplitude scaling, Enhancement procedures
(b) Image enhancement, Amplitude scaling
(c) Enhancement procedures, Edge enhancement
(d) Noise, Interference
Show Answer
Answer: (d) Noise, Interference
Ques. No. 42. The numerical range of the ___ image may encompass negative values,
which cannot be mapped directly into a ___ intensity range.
(a) Processed, Light
(b) Original, Gray level
(c) Enhanced, Gray level
(d) Enhanced, Light
Show Answer
Answer: (a) Processed, Light
Ques. No. 43. An open operation consists of ___ followed by ___.
(a) Shrinking, thinning
(b) Erosion, dilation
(c) Dilation, shrinking
(d) Thinning, erosion
Show Answer
Answer: (b) Erosion, dilation
Ques. No. 44. Dilation followed by erosion is called a ___ operation. It tends to
increase the spatial extent of an object, while the ___ operation decreases its spatial
extent.
(a) Subtractive operator, skeletonizing
(b) Thickening, Dilation
(c) Closed, open
(d) Skeletonizing, additive operator
Show Answer
Answer: (c) Closed, open
Ques. No. 45. ___ and ___ are features in any scene, from simple indoor scenes to
noisy terrain images taken by satellite.
(a) Lines, edges
(b) Edges, Points
(c) Gradient operator, Lines
(d) Segmentation, points
Show Answer
Answer: (a) Lines, edges
Ques. No. 46. Consider the following statements:
1. Compression deals with techniques for reducing the storage required to save an
image, or the bandwidth required to transmit it.
2. Segmentation processing deals with tools for extracting image components that are
useful in the representation and description of shape.
State True or False.
(a) 1- True, 2- True
(b) 1-False, 2- False
(c) 1- True, 2- False
(d) 1- False, 2- true
Show Answer
Answer: (c) 1- True, 2- False
Ques. No. 47. Consider the following statements:
1. A small value of ΔIc/I means that a small percentage change in intensity is
discriminable. This represents “good” brightness discrimination.
2. a large value of ΔIc/I means that a large percentage change in intensity is
required This represents “good” brightness discrimination.
State True or False:
(a) 1- True, 2- False
(b) 1- False, 2- True
(c) 1- False, 2- False
(d) 1- True, 2- True
Show Answer
Answer: (a) 1- True, 2- False
Ques. No. 48. Consider the following statements:
1. Spatial resolution is the smallest discernible detail in an image.
2. A widely used definition of resolution is simply the largest number of discernible
line pairs per unit distance.
State True or False:
(a) 1- True, 2- True
(b) 1- False, 2- False
(c) 1- False, 2- true
(d) 1- True, 2- False
Show Answer
Answer: (d) 1- True, 2- False
Ques. No. 49. Consider the following statements with respect to the Optical systems
model:
1. In the study of geometric optics, it is assumed that light rays always travel in a
straight-line path in a homogeneous medium.
2. By this assumption, a bundle of rays passing through an opaque aperture onto a
screen produces a geometric light projection of the aperture.
State true or False:
(a) 1- True, 2- True
(b) 1- False, 2- False
(c) 1- False, 2- true
(d) 1- True, 2- False
Show Answer
Answer: (d) 1- True, 2- False
Ques. No. 50. Consider the following statements:
1. The coefficients of a two-dimensional transform of a luminance image specify the
amplitude of the luminance patterns (two-dimensional basis functions) of a transform
such that the weighted sum of the luminance patterns is not identical to the image.
2. By this characterization of a transform, the coefficients may be considered to
indicate the degree of correspondence of a particular luminance pattern with an image
field.
State True or False:
(a) 1- True, 2- False
(b) 1- False, 2- True
(c) 1- False, 2- False
(d) 1- True, 2- True
Show Answer
Answer: (b) 1- False, 2- True