CHAPTER 1 – Introduction to IT and ITes Industry
Exercise
A. Short answer questions
1. What do you understand by the term IT and ITeS?
Ans: Information Technology (IT) means creating, managing, storing and exchanging
information. IT includes all types of technology used to deal with information, such as
computer hardware and software technology used for creating, storing, and transferring
information.
Information Technology that enables the business by improving the quality of service is
Information Technology Enabled Services (ITeS). ITeS is also called web-enabled services
or remote services that cover the entire operations which exploit Information Technology
for improving the efficiency of an organisation.
2. What are the pros and cons of using ICT?
Ans:
Pros of ICT:
Enhanced Communication: ICT facilitates instant and global communication through
email, messaging apps, and video calls, enabling businesses and individuals to connect
quickly and efficiently.
Access to Information: The internet provides vast amounts of knowledge and educational
resources, empowering individuals to learn and stay informed.
Efficiency and Productivity: ICT automates tasks, enhances productivity, and supports
online learning, leading to improved efficiency in various sectors.
Improved Healthcare: E-health services, telemedicine, and digital records improve
medical care and accessibility.
Global Connectivity: ICT enables businesses and individuals to connect worldwide,
fostering collaboration and innovation.
Cost Savings: ICT can reduce travel, paperwork, and operational costs in businesses.
Entertainment and Social Interaction: ICT provides various entertainment platforms
and social networking opportunities.
Storage and Security: Digital storage is convenient and can be protected with encryption.
Cons of ICT:
Cybersecurity Risks: ICT systems are vulnerable to cyberattacks, data breaches, and
malware, posing risks to individuals and organizations.
Potential for Misinformation: The internet can be a breeding ground for fake news and
misinformation, making it crucial to critically evaluate information sources.
Digital Divide: Not everyone has access to ICT, creating a digital divide that can
exacerbate social and economic inequalities.
Distractions and Lack of Attention: Excessive use of ICT can lead to distractions and a
lack of attention, particularly among students.
Reduced Human Contact: Over-reliance on technology can lead to a decline in face-to-
face interactions and social skills.
Privacy Concerns: ICT can raise privacy concerns, as personal data can be collected and
potentially misused.
Health Problems: Long hours of using ICT can lead to health issues, such as eye strain
and headaches.
Addiction: Excessive use of ICT can cause addiction.
3. What precautions are required to ensure that ICT use is safe?
Ans: To ensure safe ICT use, implement strong passwords, regularly update software, use
antivirus software, back up data, be cautious with email attachments and links, secure your
Wi-Fi network, and practice safe online habits.
4. What are the four main sub-sectors in the IT-BPM industry?
Ans: The four main sub-sectors within the IT-BPM industry are:
IT Services: This sub-sector encompasses a wide range of activities, including consulting,
systems integration, IT outsourcing/managed services, hosting services, training, and
support/maintenance.
Business Process Management (BPM): BPM focuses on discovering, modelling,
analysing, measuring, improving, optimizing, and automating business processes.
Software Products: This sub-sector involves the development and sale of software
applications and systems.
Engineering Research and Development: This sub-sector focuses on the research,
development, and innovation of new technologies and products.
5. Give examples of use of IT in everyday life.
Ans: In our daily life, we use washing machines, microwave oven and many other products
using which have embedded software. We can store all the information about our important
work, appointments schedules and list of contacts in a computer.
6. How is IT used in libraries?
Ans: In a library each book has a barcode associated with it. This makes it easier for the
library to a keep track of books and the availability of a specific book. Computer software is
used to issue and return the book. Also the magnetic strips attached to the book help
prevent theft. The strip is deactivated before it’s borrowed.
7. What are the various processes of education where IT is used?
Ans: Computers and IT are used in education for teaching-learning and assessment.
It is used to create and transmit information to learners in various forms such as:
i. Still pictures
ii. Audio
iii. Video
iv. Animation
Online assessment helps to assess the students without any biasness.
8. Which software are used in digital communication?
Ans: A digital communication is used to convey messages and ideas, pictures, or speeches
over a digital medium i.e. using technology. Software used in digital communication are –
Email platforms like Gmail/outlook etc, social media applications like WhatsApp, Snapchat,
Facebook, Instagram, Video conferencing like zoom, collaboration tools like Teams, Slack
etc.
9. For what purpose is IT used in business?
Ans: IT can be used in business for various purposes like – e-commerce, payroll
calculation, reservations, budgeting, sales analysis, financial forecasting, managing and
maintaining stocks, marketing, smart/credit cards
10. Which are the prominent areas where IT is used in science and engineering?
Ans: Complex scientific applications like rocket launching, space exploration, etc., are not
possible without the computers.
11. List the various uses of IT in a banking system.
Ans: Every activity of a bank is now online. The customer’s data and transactions are
recorded by computers. Recurring deposits (e-RD), Fixed deposits (e-FD), money transfer
from one account to another (NEFT, RTGS), online transactions are done using Internet.
12. Which are the different areas of healthcare where IT is used? And how?
Ans: ICT is used in the health sector in numerous ways. Hospital Management System is
used to maintain and manage patients’ records as well as various activities pertaining to
hospital administration. The computerized machines are used for ECG, EEG, Ultrasound and
CT Scan. The variety of measuring instruments and surgical equipment are used to monitor
patients’ conditions during complex surgery
13. List any 5 websites of the Indian government which provide IT enabled services to the
people
Ans: There are different government platforms available today which help citizen do their
work online. Few of them listed are below:
Website Description
National Portal of India A central hub for accessing information
and services from various government
departments
DigiLocker A secure digital vault for storing and
accessing important documents like
Aadhaar, PAN, licence and certificates
MyGov A platform for citizen engagement and
participation in government initiatives
e-District portal (e-District.nic.in) Enables citizens to access district-level
services online, such as birth/death
certificates, and caste certificates
Passport Seva Facilitates online passport applications
and provides information about passport
services
B. Give an example of the use of IT in the following areas. Avoid already discussed
examples.
Teacher Practice Example
Classroom content transaction
Assessment of students
Library management
Student record management
