AECH 1112-2

Health, Safety and Environment in Process

Industries

Spring 2023
Assignment # 1

Due Date: Sep 15, 2023

Ammar Mohammad
Name

60304053
Student # Date of Submission / /

CLO: 1.0 The Foundations of Process Safety (1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

CLO: Systems to prevent Loss Containment (1.5, 1.6)

Note: It is very important that you refer texts and resource materials related to the topic of this
assignment to demonstrate your knowledge & skills necessary to pass this course. Work on it
individually and follow a systematic approach. Refer the course syllabus for more Assignment
rules.

Marks

100

Instructor
Chemical Engineering Technology
Multiple Choice Questions: (20 point)

1. Which of the following is essential element of competence?

A. Experience
B. Education
C. Training
D. All of the Above

2. Which of the following is NOT a step in the error prevention process?

E. Identifying potential errors and hazards
F. Implementing controls and barriers to prevent errors
G. Punishing employees for mistakes
A. Monitoring

3. Mistakes can be defined as

A. Deliberate actions
B. Unintentional errors
C. Carefully planned activities
D. Random occurrences

4. According to the Hazard Realization Model, what is the first step in the process of hazard
realization?
A. Identify hazards
B. Assess hazards
C. Control hazards
D. Review hazards

5. The final stage of the Hazard Realization Model involves:

A. Eliminating all hazards
B. Assessing the effectiveness of hazard controls
C. Ignoring hazards and proceeding with the task
D. Identifying new hazards

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6. What contains information about health and safety management plan for the construction phase of
the project
A. Construction Phase Plan
B. Health and Safety File

7. An unplanned, unwanted event that had the potential to lead to injury, damage or loss (but
did not, infact, do so)
A. Near miss
B. Safety Culture
C. Hazard
D. Incident

8. The primary purpose of investigating mistakes is to:

A. Assign blame and punishment
B. Identify root causes and prevent recurrence
C. Ignore the mistakes and move on
D. Cover up the mistakes

9. The consequences of loss of containment can include:

A. Environmental pollution and damage
B. Increased employee morale
C. Higher productivity levels
D. Improved public image

10. Which of the following is not a method of assessing competence?

A. Training records
B. Observation
C. Assessment
D. Guess work

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Answer the following questions
1. Name two requirements of the COMAH Regulations. ( 4 point)

• Prepare a Major accident prevention policy

• Send details of the types and quantities of hazardous substances to the competent
authority

2. List the three factors that influence human behavior while at work. (6 points)

• The job: this is fitted to the strengths and weaknesses of the person/team that is
carrying it out. This is fitting the job to the human. Examples might include ensuring

that machinery, control and display devices, tools, etc. are all designed correctly .
• The individual: the organization should select individuals who are suitable for the needs
of the job. This is known as fitting the human to the job. They must have the correct
skills, knowledge, experience and training

• The organisation: responsibility for all work (including design) is taken by the
organization management. This will include developing an effective safety management
system, encouraging good safety culture by displaying commitment and generally
consulting with employees

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3. Identify any two duties outlined for the following workplace parties (20 point)

Client: for whom the project is being carried out and also ensures that both principal
designer and principal contractor comply with their duties. They also ensure suitable
management arrangements are made for the project.

Designer: who specify the finished structure and take steps to reduce or control any risks
that cannot be eliminated

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Principal Contractor: who manages the construction phase of the project and check that anyone they
appoint has the skills, knowledge, experience and, where relevant, the organisational capability to
carry out their work safely and without risk to health

▪ Contractor: who carry out specific works under the direction of the principal contractor and
ensure that the workers do not start work on site unless reasonable steps have been taken to
prevent unauthorized access.

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Worker: carry out construction work if they have the relevant skills, knowledge, training and
experience - or they are provided with the training and supervision that enables them to do it safely
and without risk to health. They also make themselves aware of the health and safety risks involved in
work on every site and the way those risks are managed

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4. Definitions: (12 points)

A. Safety Culture: the shared attitudes, values, beliefs and behaviours relating to
health and safety. The safety culture of an organisation is the way that everyone
within the organization thinks and feels about health and safety and how this
translates into their behaviour.

B. Near Miss: An unwanted or unplanned event that had the potential to lead to
injury, damage or loss, but did not.

C. Unintended Action: Actions that are not intended to be carried out, such as slips,
lapses and mistakes.

D. Intended Action: Violation is a deliberate breach of a procedure or rule.

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 E. Risk: The combination of probability of an event and its severity.

Risk= Probability X Severity

= Likelihood * Consequence

F. Hierarchy of control: It shows how step by step hazards can be removed ranked
from most effective to least effective. It includes 5 methods: Elimination,
Substitution, Engineering Controls, Administrative Controls and PPE.

5. Give two examples of (6 points)

A. Primary containment: A tank, pipe, vessel, transport vessel or equipment
intended to serve as the primary container for, or used for the transfer of a
material, which is appropriately designed and constructed

B. Secondary containment: Bund walls around storage tanks which can store fire
water. Also, stopping uncontrolled release of hazardous liquid.

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 C. Tertiary containment: Another barrier to stop the uncontrolled spread of
hazardous liquids and examples include sumps, diversion tanks and site drainage.

6. Identify at least two methods to Avoid (12 points )

A. Slips

• Warning alarms if the forklift forks are in above position

• Have two switches simultaneously to perform a task

B. Lapses

• Checklist for procedures

• Supervision of key tasks

C. Mistakes

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 • Permits lockout/tag out
• Using specific procedures that act as a guide to an acceptable and safe solution

7. Identify two attributes a ‘competent person’ should possess ( 4 points)

• Hazard spotting
• Problem solving

8. Perform a simple HAZOP for the PFD given below (16 points)
(an example of a HAZOP template is in the student resource section in D2L)

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Some of the guiding words you can use are: (At least have 4 guiding word)
No flow of Chlorine
More flow of Chlorine
More Pressure of Reactor
Less temperature of Dryer
High temperature of Dryer

Assume the most likely consequence and control measures

Please refer next page

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