STUDY OF REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION USING FACT

DEVICES

Synopsis Report

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree

MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY

(Power System)

Submitted To

RAJIV GANDHI PRODYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, BHOPAL (M.P)

Submitted by Pranav Mishra

Enroll No: 0502EE21MT17

Under the supervision of Mr. Sanjeev Jarariya

CORPORATE INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (CIST),

BHOPAL (M.P)

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering BHOPAL (M.P.)

Jan. - 2023

1
 CORPORATE INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (CIST)
(Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering)

CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

The undersigned certify that they have read and recommended to the Department of Electrical

and Electronics Engineering for acceptance, a project report entitled “STUDY OF

REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION USING FACT DEVICES

” submitted by in partial fulfillment for the degree of M a s t e r of Technology in Electrical &

Electronics Engineering.

………………………….. ……………………………..
Mr. Sanjeev Jrariya Mr. Sanjeev Jarariya
Head of Department
Assistant Professor, Assistant Professor,
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Electrical and Electronics Engineering

2
 CORPORATE INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (CIST)
(Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering)

(Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering)

DECLARATION

I Pranav Mishra , a student of “Master of Technology” in Corporate Institute of Science &

Technology” , session 2021-2023 , Bhopal (M.P.) here by informed that the work presented n
this dissertation entitled “STUDY OF REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION USING FACT
DEVICES” is the outcome of my own work, is bonafide and correct to the best of my
knowledge and this work has been carried out taking care of Engineering Ethics. The work
presented does not infringe any patented work and has not been submitted to any other
University or anywhere else for the award of any degree or any professional diploma.

PRANAV MISHRA
Enrollment No: 0502EE21MT17

3
 CORPORATE INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (CIST)
(Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take an opportunity to acknowledge and extend my heartfelt gratitude to my guide and the pivot of
this enterprise, which is most responsible for helping me to complete this work. He / She showed me
different ways to approach the problems and the need to be persistent to accomplish my goal. His/her
discernment in the choice of topic, his/her confidence in me when I doubted myself and his/her
admirable guidance are some cogent reasons that make me over that without his/her support this
thesis would be a chimera.

I am also thankful to Sanjeev Jarariya, Head of Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
for cooperation and support to complete this work. I would also like to express my thanks to Dr.
Bharat Kishore Gupta, Director CIST Bhopal providing necessary facilities. I would also convey my
Thanks to Sanjeev Jarariya of Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering for their
continuous support. Thanks are due to all the staff members and lab staff of Department of Electrical
& Electronics Engineering CIST for providing all help and support.

Name of Scholar: Pranav Mishra

Enroll No: 0502EE21MT17

4
 CONTENTS

CERTIFICATE 2
DECLARATION 3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 4
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES 6
ABSTRACT 9
CHAPTER 1: Introduction 10
1.1 Motivation 10
1.2 Literature Survey 10
1.3 Challenges 11
1.4 Problem Statement 11
1.5 Thesis Objectives 12
CHAPTER 2: General Compensation Methods 13
2.1 Shunt Compensation 13
2.2 Series Compensation 14
2.3 STATCOM 15
2.4 Mathematical Formulation 17
CHAPTER 3: Analysis of STATCOM and SVC for Single Phase AC System 19
3.1 STATCOM Analysis using Simulink 19
3.2 Sinusoidal PWM Control in STATCOM 21
3.3 Analysis Result of STATCOM 22
3.4 Analysis of SVC in Simulink 24
3.5 Analysis Result of SVC 25
3.6 Comparison between STATCOM and SVC 26
CHAPTER 4: Analysis of STATCOM for Three Phase AC System 27
4.1 STATCOM Analysis using Simulink 27
4.2 Analysis Results 30
CONCLUSION 32
REFERENCES 33

5
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO. NAME OF THE FIGURE PAGE NO.

Fig 1 Percentage of problems in power quality 12

Fig 2 Circuit and Phasor Diagram without Compensation 13

Fig 3 Circuit and Phasor Diagram after Shunt Compensation 13

Fig 4 Circuit and Phasor Diagram without Compensation 14

Fig 5 Circuit and Phasor Diagram after Series Compensation 15

Fig 6 Basic model of a Distribution STATCOM 16

Simulation of D-STATCOM based on Sinusoidal Pulse

Fig 7 19
Width Modulation (SPWM)

Fig 8 SPWM (Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation) Block 20

Output of scope in SPWM Block, sine, triangular and square

Fig 9 22
wave generation

Fig 10 Output of IGBT in SPWM Block 22

Fig 11 Voltage across capacitor in SPWM Block 23

6
Fig 12 Current Waveform output of STATCOM 23

Fig 13 Voltage Waveform output of STATCOM 24

Fig 14 Circuit connection of SVC in Simulink 24

Fig 15 Input voltage and current waveform of SVC circuit 25

Fig 16 Output voltage and current waveform of SVC circuit 25

Graph showing the increment of the Q (VAR) value

Fig 17 27
while increasing the Value of the inductor in SVC

Graph showing the decrement of the Q (VAR) while

Fig 18 28
increasing the Capacitor in SVC

Fig 19 General outline of a power system transmission line 30

General outline of a STATCOM without connected to

Fig 20 31
transmission line

Circuit Model of STATCOM connected to a 3 phase

Fig 21 32
AC transmission line

Input voltage and input current waveform when load is

Fig 22 33
not connected

Output voltage and output current waveform during

Fig 23 33
load is connected

Output voltage waveform of STATCOM when not

Fig 24 34
connected to Grid

Output voltage and output current waveform of

Fig 25 34
STATCOM when connected to Grid

7
 Output voltage and output current waveform of AC
Fig 26 35
Transmission Line when STATCOM is connected

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO. TABLE DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

Increment of reactive power when capacitor is constant

Table 1 27
and inductor is increasing

Decrement of reactive power when capacitor is

Table 2 28
increasing and inductor is kept constant

Comparisons between STATCOM and SVC on the

Table 3 29
basis of various characteristics

8
 ABSTRACT
To repay the reactive power misfortunes in the transmission line and any place in the electrical
influence framework, we have completed the writing survey of the different papers and embraced
the distinctive procedures to defeat this issue. We have utilized the shunt and series arrangement
strategies, in which the compensator like capacitor will be given in parallel and in series to the
inductive load. Since there is dependably a voltage and current transient upon the changing the
capacitor steps. Henceforth we adopted the FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems) gadgets
to beat the responsive force remuneration issue. The studies for the different FACTS gadgets were
completed and we discovered the STATCOMs (Static Synchronous Compensators) is the present
day and the most productive approach to conquer the responsive force pay. The different strategies
were done for the STATCOMS. The genuine investigation were completed in MATLAB and its
scientific outflow was inferred utilizing diverse routines for calculation.

Study of FACTS devices like STATCOM and SVC is being presented in this paper. These devise
have allowed as to compensate reactive power and mitigate problems occurring in transmission
lines. This thesis present the analysis of Static Synchronous Compensator for single phase AC
transmission line and also compared the results with Static VAR Compensator and tabulated their
differences. Also the analysis of STATCOM for three phase AC transmission line has also been
performed accordingly. Principle of operation of Static Synchronous Compensator and PWM
techniques have also been employed in simulation of STATCOM, which are briefly presented in
this paper. We have also done basic mathematical formulation for STATCOM. These thesis
basically present the operation of STATCOM to compensate reactive power when connected to
single or three phase AC transmission lines.

9
 CHAPTER - 1
1. INTRODUCTION
Generation of power and its transmission is a perplexing procedure, obliging waging of numerous
components in power system when coupled to amplify the yield. One of the principle parts to form
a significant part is the reactive power in the transmission system. It is obliged to keep up the
voltage to convey the dynamic power in the lines. Burdens like engine burdens and different
burdens oblige different reactive power in there operation. To enhance the execution of air
conditioning force systems, we have to deal with this reactive power in a proficient way and it is
called as reactive power remuneration. There are two viewpoints to the issue of reactive power
remuneration: load remuneration and voltage support. Load remuneration comprises of change in
force component, adjusting of genuine force taken from the supply, good voltage regulation, and
so on of extensive changing burdens. Voltage bolster comprises of decrease of voltage change in
a transmission line. These types compensation can be realized in two way: series and shunt
compensation. These adjust the parameters of the framework to give improved VAR
compensation. A shunt compensation is one where capacitors are employed in parallel with the
transmission line and act like a synchronous condenser and absorb or supply reactive power. A
series is one where inductor or capacitor are employed in series to supply required power. Mostly
shunt compensation are employed nowadays in FACT devices.

Flexible AC Transmission (FACT) devices are static equipments which helps in not only for
compensating reactive power but also control one or more AC transmission parameters. Flexible
AC Transmission Devices includes Static synchronous compensator, Thyristor switched reactor,
Static synchronous series compensator, Thyristor switched capacitor, Thyristor switched series
reactor. All these equipment are static instruments, so there is no dynamic effect. Static
synchronous compensator (STATCOM) basically includes a DC power capacitor, a converter
(may act as rectifier when reactive power is being absorbed and as an inverter when reactive power
is being supplied to the transmission system), step up transformer, series inductors etc.

10
1.1 MOTIVATION

The following are the motivation for carrying out this project

1. Improvement of the quality of the power.

2. Improvement of system power factor.
3. Reduction of the losses in the network.
4. Shirking of penalty charges for the over the top use of the reactive power particularly
in industry where they utilize expansive induction motors.
5. Reduction of cost and generate higher revenue for the customers.
6. Improvement of the voltage regulation of the power system.
7. Increase the power availability.

1.2 LITERATURE SURVEY

First we have conducted various searches on how to compensate reactive and then by using what
we can do so efficiently. We have concluded that there are numerous equipments under FACT
devices which helps in compensating reactive power. Then after going through various papers and
surveys, we concluded that Static Synchronous Compensator compensates reactive power in most
efficient way. STATCOM is a very important controller under FACTS devices and it helps in
controlling voltage. First STATCOM which was put in operation was in Japan during 1980 which
utilizes power commutated thyristors and works at 20MVar [10]. KEPCO and Mitsubishi Motors
introduced a ±80MVar STATCOM during 1991.

STATCOM have numerous forms, however in most reasonable applications it utilizes the inverter
which can likewise be known as a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) in 3-stage design as the essential
square. The essential hypothesis of VSI is to create a situated of controllable 3-stage yield voltages/
streams at the crucial recurrence of the AC transport voltage from a DC info voltage source, for
example, a charged capacitor or a DC vitality supply gadget. By fluctuating the extent and stage
edge of the yield voltage and current, the framework can trade dynamic/responsive power between
the DC and AC transports, and direct the AC bus voltage.

11
1.3 CHALLENGES

In the tenure of carrying out the project, we faced many challenges. However because of the
constant guidance from our project supervisor and help from the resource person we could
overcome every challenges we faced. Off course we came across many minor and major
challenges, out of which some are mentioned bellow and discussed how we overcome each
challenges. While doing the analysis of the STATCOM in the Multisim. We were not able to
connect the three phase transformer to the power system, to which we have to supply the reactive
power drawn by the inductive load. But after doing the polarity test for the transformer, we could
overcome this challenge. Initially after completing complete circuit for the converter, this
converter is not acting as inverter, when reactive power to be supplied to the system and the
converter is not acting as rectifier, when excess reactive power to be drawn from the power system
when capacitive load is connected to the power system. But after consulting the resource person,
we knew all thyristors, which we have used in the converter should be triggered with PWM (pulse
width modulation). The problem that we encounter was the whole STATCOM output. We were
not able to get the complete sinusoidal three phase output from the STATCOM. Since after doing
trial and error method by changing the capacitor value at the DC side of the converter and
correspondingly changing the inductor and setting capacitor initial value to 50 V. we could obtain
the optimum value of capacitor and inductor after which we could obtain the complete three phase
sinusoidal wave from the AC side of the converter. Hence the STATCOM is now ready to draw
and supply the reactive power to the power system.

1.4 PROBLEM STATEMENT

The impedance of transmission lines and the requirement for lagging VAR by most machines in a
creating framework brings about the utilization of reactive power, in this way influencing the
steadiness furthest reaches of the framework and in addition transmission lines. Pointless voltage
drops lead to expanded misfortunes which needs to be supplied by the source and thus prompting
blackouts in the line because of expanded weight on the framework to convey this fanciful
influence. Therefore we can gather that the remuneration of reactive power mitigates every one of
these impacts as well as aides in better transient reaction to blames and aggravations. As of late
there has been an expanded concentrate on the systems utilized for the pay and with better gadgets
included in the innovation, the remuneration is made more viable. It is all that much obliged that

12
the lines be diminished of the commitment to convey the receptive force, which is better given
close to the generators or the heaps. Shunt compensation can be introduced close to the load, in a
dispersion substation or transmission substation.

Figure 1 : Percentages of problems in power quality

1.5 THESIS OBJECTIVES

The primary objective of this project is to compensate the reactive power via Flexible AC
Transmission System Devices. Out of many FACTS devices, we have streamline on the
STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) and the SVC (Source Voltage Converter). Since
these two techniques of compensating the reactive power is recent and most efficient way of
compensating the reactive power.

1) First objective is to theoretically understand the reactive power compensation through

shunt and series compensation and basic mathematical formulas
2) To compensate the reactive power in single phase AC system by both STATCOM and
SVC.
3) To do the analysis of STATCOM and SVC in single phase AC system in Simulink.
4) To do the comparison of STATCOM and SVC.
5) To compensate the reactive power in three phase AC system by using STATCOM

13
 CHAPTER - 2
2. GENERAL COMPENSATION METHODS
2.1 SHUNT COMPENSATION

Figure 2: Circuit and Phasor Diagram without Compensation

Figure 3: Circuit and Phasor Diagram after Compensation

14
In figure 2 we have a source voltage V1, an electrical cable and a load. The figure 2 shows the
phasor diagram of transmission system when no compensation have been implemented. Since the
load is inductive current lags the voltage V2 by some angle. Current has two components, one is
responsible for active power and other is responsible for reactive power. Current along P is in
phase with voltage V2. Since the load is inductive in nature, current and voltage waveform are not
in same, hence it will draw reactive power, which we need to compensate. This could be achieved
possibly in three ways: 1) A voltage source. 2) A current source. 3) A capacitor.

For this situation, figure 3, we are employing a current source to compensate reactive power
component Iq. Thusly the voltage regulation of the framework is enhanced and the responsive
current part from the source is diminished or just about disposed of. This is if there should arise an
occurrence of lagging pay. For leading remuneration, we require an inductor.

Thusly, we can conclude that current source method or a voltage source method, both can work
shunt compensation, whatever the load, i.e, lagging or leading. The primary focal points being
the responsive force created is free of the voltage at the purpose of connection.

2.2 SERIES COMPENSATION

Figure 4: Circuit and Phasor Diagram without Compensation

15
 Figure 5: Circuit and Phasor Diagram after Compensation

Series arrangement pay can be executed like shunt remuneration, as we can see that clearly in Fig
5. We can look that the outcomes which are acquired by series compensation via a voltage source
and it is acclimated to have solidarity force component at V 2. However series arrangement
remuneration procedures are unique in relation to shunt pay systems, as capacitors are utilized
generally for arrangement pay methods. For this situation, the voltage V comp has been included
between the line and the heap to change the edge V2'. Presently, this is the voltage at the heap side.
With legitimate change of the extent of Vcomp, solidarity force component can be come to at V2.

2.3 STATCOM
Static Synchronous Compensator is one of the static component device and comes under the family
of FACTS devices. It can absorb or supply reactive power in the single or three phase AC systems.
A transmission network reactive power can be compensated using Static Synchronous
Compensator. It also helps in preventing fluctuations in the transmission system like sudden
voltage increase (voltage sag), sudden voltage decrease (voltage sag), transients etc.

A STATCOM comprises of a three phase inverter utilizing SCRs, MOSFETs or IGBTs, a DC

capacitor (which when charging will absorb reactive power and while discharging will supply

16
reactive power), a connection reactor whose purpose is to link the inverter output to the AC supply
side, channel parts to channel out the high recurrence segments because of the PWM inverter.
From the DC side capacitor, a three stage voltage is produced by the inverter. This is synchronized
with the AC supply. The connection inductor interfaces this voltage to the AC supply side. This is
the essential standard of operation of STATCOM.

A D-STATCOM, which is schematically portrayed in Fig. 6 comprises of a two level voltage

source converter (VSC), a dc vitality stockpiling gadget, a coupling transformer joined in shunt to
the dispersion organize through a coupling transformer. Such setup permits the gadget to retain or
produce controllable dynamic and receptive force. The D-STATCOM has been used
predominantly for regulation of voltage, remedy of force component and end of current sounds.
Such a gadget is utilized to give consistent voltage regulation utilizing a by implication controlled
converter. In this venture, the D-STATCOM is utilized to manage the voltage at the purpose of
association.

Figure 6: Basic model of a Distribution STATCOM

17
 2.4 MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION
Instantaneous power in a lagging circuit can be represented by:
p  Vmax Imax coswt coswt  
Vmax I max Vmax I max
p cos 1 cos2wt   sin sin 2wt
2 2
The reactive power can be represented by:
Vmax I max
sin sin 2wt
2
Where:
p = Instantaneous power
V max = Maximum voltage

Imax = Maximum current

w = Angular frequency
= 2*pi*f where f is the frequency.
t = Time period
 = Angle between voltage and current

From here, we can conclude that the time period of the instantaneous reactive power is two times
the normal system frequency and have a zero average value and its maximum value can be
represented as follows:
Q = V I sin


From the Figure 6, current from the inverter ISH adjusts the voltage increase by varying the voltage
drop across the ZTH. Value of shunt current can be controlled by controlling the value of output
supplied by inverter.
The shunt injected current ISH can be written as,
I SH  IL  Is (1)

VH  VL
Where, I S  (2)
Z TH

18
Therefore,
 VH  VL
I SH  I L  I S  I L Z (3)
 
TH

Or,
 
VTH 
VL
I SH   I L            (4)
ZTH ZTH
The complex power of the D-STATCOM,
SSH  VL ISH
*
(5)
It is important to note that the efficiency of the D-STATCOM in balancing voltage sag depends
on the value of system impedance (ZTH). When the shunt current or inverter output current (ISH) is
kept in required phase with VL, the desired voltage balancing can be achieved without injecting
any active power into the system.

19
 CHAPTER - 3
3. ANALYSIS OF STATCOM AND SVC FOR SINGLE PHASE AC
SYSTEM

3.1 STATCOM ANALYSIS USING SIMULINK

Figure 7: Simulation of D-STATCOM based on Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM)

20
Figure 8: SPWM (Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation) Block

21
3.2 SINUSOIDAL PWM CONTROL IN STATCOM

The basic purpose of using these Sinusoidal PWM control is to keep or control voltage to a steady
value at a point where load is there when system is under disturbances. This control system when
employed with transmission system measures the rms value of voltage and estimations of reacrive
power is not required. The VSC exchanging system is in view of PWM procedure which gives
effortlessness and great reaction.

The PI controller procedure recognizes the mistake flag and creates the obliged point δ to drive
the blunder value equal to zero, i.e., the heap rms voltage becomes equal to reference voltage. In
the PWM generator, the sinusoidal signal Vcontrol is thought about against a triangular sign (bearer)
to create the exchanging signs from the VSC. Primary parameters of these control system plan are
as follows: Amplitude modulation index M a of signal Vcontrol, and Frequency modulation index Mf
of the triangular sign. The Ma is kept settled at 1 pu.

Vcontrol
Ma  (6)
Vtri
Where Vcontrol is the maximum value of the signal.
Vtri is the maximum of the carrier signal.
The switching frequency is set at 450 Hz. The frequency of modulation index is given by,
F
M  s  450  9 (7)
f
Ff 50
Where M f is the frequency of modulation index.

Fs is the switching frequency.

Ff
is the fundamental frequency.
In this thesis it is assumed that network is balanced and is operated at operating conditions.

22
3.3 ANALYSIS RESULT OF STATCOM

Figure 9: Output of scope in SPWM Block, sine, triangular and square wave generation

Figure 10: Output of IGBT in SPWM Block

23
Figure 11: Voltage across capacitor in SPWM Block

Figure 12: Current Waveform output of STATCOM

24
 Figure 13: Voltage Waveform output of STATCOM

3.4 ANALYSIS OF SVC IN SIMULINK

Figure 14: Circuit connection of SVC in Simulink

25
3.5 ANALYSIS RESULT OF SVC

Figure 15: Input voltage and current waveform of SVC circuit

Figure 16: Output voltage and current waveform of SVC circuit

26
Output of SVC for different inductor and capacitor values can be plotted as following. Following
table shows the increment of Q (VAR) while keeping Constant Capacitor and Inductor Varying:

C(mF) L(mH) Q(VAR)

200 100 2.4685

200 300 2.4754

200 500 2.4759

200 700 2.4781

200 900 2.4785

200 1100 2.4787

200 1300 2.4791

Table 1: Increment of reactive power when capacitor is constant and inductor is increasing

2.48

2.478

2.476

2.474
value of Q( VAR)

2.472
Q( Var)
2.47

2.468

2.466
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
value of inductance

Figure 17: Graph showing the increment of the Q (VAR) value while increasing the Value of the
inductor in SVC

27
Output when Capacitor varying and Inductor constant. Table can be made as follows:

L(mH) C(mF) Q(VAR)

100 200 2.4689

100 400 2.4652

100 600 2.4578

100 800 2.4538

100 1000 2.4522

100 1200 2.4458

Table 2: Decrement of reactive power when capacitor is increasing and inductor is kept constant

2.475

2.47
Valur of Q(VAR)

2.465

2.46

2.455

2.45

2.445

2.44
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Value of Capacitor

Figure 18: Graph showing the decrement of the Q (VAR) while increasing the Capacitor in SVC

28
3.6 COMPARISON BETWEEN STATCOM AND SVC

Table 3: Comparisons between STATCOM and SVC on the basis of various characteristics

CHARACTERISTICS STATCOM SVC

Good performance in under Limited performance in

V/I Characteristics
voltage condition under voltage condition

Response Time 1 to 2 sine wave cycles 2 to 3 sine wave cycles

About 200% to 250% to the

About 40% to 50% to the size
Installation Size size of STATCOM
of SVC installation
installation

About 66% to 83% to the

About 120% to 150% to the
Installation Cost cost of STATCOM
cost of SVC installation
installation

29
 CHAPTER - 4
4. ANALYSIS OF STATCOM FOR THREE PHASE AC SYSTEM

4.1 STATCOM ANALYSIS USING SIMULINK

Figure 19: General outline of a power system transmission line

30
Figure 20: General outline of a STATCOM without connected to transmission line

31
Figure 21: Circuit Model of STATCOM connected to a 3 phase AC transmission line

32
4.2 ANALYSIS RESULTS

Outputs of AC transmission line when not connected to the STATCOM:

Figure 22: Input voltage and current waveform when load is not connected

Figure 23: Output voltage and current waveform when load is connected

33
When we haven’t connected STATCOM to the grid, output of statcom is distorted which is shown
when we have done simulation of Statcom only without connecting to the grid. Output of Statcom
when not connected to the Grid:

Figure 24: Output voltage waveform of STATCOM when not connected to Grid

After being connected to the Grid, distortion in output is lost and a pure sinusoidal waveform
comes. Output of Statcom when connected to the Grid:

Figure 25: Output voltage and current waveform of STATCOM when connected to Grid

34
Figure 26: Output voltage and current waveform of AC Transmission Line when STATCOM is
connected

CONCLUSION
In this venture the investigation of the essential standards of the STATCOM is done and in addition
the fundamentals of reactive power compensation utilizing a STATCOM. This undertaking has
displayed the power quality issues, for example, voltage sags and swell. Compensation strategies
of custom power electronic gadget D-STATCOM was exhibited. The Voltage Source Convert
(VSC) was actualized with the assistance of Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM). This
SPWM is modeled suitably to for D-STATCOM and required analysis was done. A comparision
between STATCOM and SVC for single phase transmission line was also formed and it was found
that STATCOM gives more for a particular input that SVC. Also the study of reactive power
compensation of three phase AC transmission line is also carried by connecting 3-phase
STATCOM to transmission line and required analysis is done through Simulink.

35
 REFERENCES
[1] C. L. Wadhwa, “Electrical Power Systems”, New Age Publishers, PP 679-717, 2009
[2] Hadi Saadat, “Power System Analysis”, WCB McGraw Hill, PP 230-248, 1999.
[3] Narain Hingorani & L. Gyugi, “Understanding FACTS, Concepts and Technology of Flexible
AC Transmission Systems”, IEEE Press, 2000.
[4] N. Tambey & M. L. Kothari, “Damping of power system oscillations with unified power flow
controller (UPFC)”, IEE Proc. – Generation, Transmission, Distribution, Vol. 150, 2003.
[5] Juan Dixon, Luis Moran, Jose Rodriguez, Ricardo Domke, “Reactive Power compensation
Technologies, State-of-the-Art Review”, Pontificia Universisdad Catolica de Chile, Universidad
de Concepcion, Universidad Federico Sta. Maria.
[6] Alper Cetin, “Design and Implementation of VSC based STATCOM For Reactive power
Compensation And Harmonic Filtering”, Middle East Technical University, 2007.
[7] Dr. K. Schipan, Dr. F. Delince, “The Imporatnce of Good Power Quality”, ABB Power
Quality Products, Belgium.
[8] Umar Naseem Kha, “Signal Processing Techniques used in Power Quality Monitoring”, IEEE
Press, Vol-60, No. 12, 2004

36