273/1 GEOGRAPHY SCORE GUIDE

273/1
2024.
GEOGRAPHY
Paper 1
Jul/Aug.2024
2¾ hours

UGANDA TEACHERS’ EDUCATION CONSULT (UTEC)

Uganda certificate of education
GEOGRAPHY
Paper 1
2 hours 45 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
This paper consists of two sections; A and B. It has six examination items.
Section A has two compulsory items.
Section B has two parts; I and II. Answer one item from each part.
Answer four examination items in all.
You may use diagrams where applicable to illustrate your answers.
Any additional item(s) answered will not be scored.
All answers must be written in the answer booklet(s) provided.

SECTION A: Map use and Photograph Skills.

Answer all items in this section.

Item 1: Map Skills.

For this item, use the East Africa 1:50000 (Uganda) map extract of Lukaya Series Y732, Sheet 79/2, Edition
3-USD, the information in the text below and the support material in Fig: 1 provided to answer the tasks
given:
a) The LC5 chairperson of Lukaya has informed citizens that the municipality plans to construct a
road in the western parts of Lukaya, stretching from grid reference 700860 to 800880. This road
aims to improve accessibility in the areas of Lusango, Lutente, and Bututi
However, many people in these areas have opposed the proposed road plan, citing concerns that
it would lead to the destruction of natural beauty and damage to property. The LC5 Chairperson
has characterized this opposition as selfishness and negativity, and has promised to proceed with
the road construction plan.

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 Support material.

Fig: 1
Task:
Using evidence from the map extract and support materials, prepare information that would help the LC5
Chairperson understand the basis of opposition by citizens.

C i) Problem Identification.
The LC.5 chairperson is lacking knowledge about the negative effects of Road construction on the
environment.
Scoring.
 Correct statement. 01 score.
 Wrong/ No response. 00

C ii ) Introduction.

Learner describes the location to construct a road in the western parts of Lukaya, stretching from grid
reference 700860 to 800880. This road aims to improve accessibility in the areas of Lusango, Lutente, and
Bututi by drawing a cross section.
A CROSS SECTION OF LUKAYA BETWEEN GRID REFERENCE 700860 AND 800880 SHOWING THE PHYSICAL AND
HUMAN FEATURES THAT MAY BE DESTROYED BY ROAD CONSTRUCTION.

Note; Expected features include ; Hill, lowland, papyrus swamp, settlements.

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Scoring.
 Accurately drawn and labeled cross section. 8 scores.
 Accurately drawn cross section with few labels. 6 scores
 Accurately drawn section without labels. 4 score
 Wrong/ No response. 00.

C iii) Learners Response.

Explains the negative effects of the road plan on environment.
 Lusango hill in the south west may be degraded which reduce scenic beauty.
 Settlements at Lusango and Lutente may be destroyed which cause displacement of people.
 Nabigavu swamp may be degraded which affects aquatic life in it.
 Destruction of Nabigavu swamp may lead to decline in rainfall which affects agriculture.

Scoring.
 4 or more effects explained with evidence. 6 scores
 2 to 3 effects explained with evidence. 4 scores
 1 or more effects identified without evidence. 2 score
 Wrong/ No response. 00.

C iv) Statement of Opinion

Government should change the road plan to another location where it will have less harm to the
environment. ( shows need for environment conservation)
Scoring
 Correct statement with reason. 1 score
 Wrong/ No response. 00.

b) An investor has acquired a piece of land in Lukaya between Eastings 75 to 79 and Northings 87 to 92,
where he plans to establish a fish farming project. However, his ground managers have informed him
that the land spans between 2 km² to 3 km² and is mostly covered by swamps.
Task:
Assist the investor in determining the exact size of his land and the percentage covered by swamps.

b) Assist the investor in determining the exact size of his land and the percentage covered by
swamps.

(i) Actual size of land. 02 scores

Area = Full squares + Half squares
= 20 + 0
= 20 squares
1 square =1 km²
20 squares = 20×1 = 20km²

(ii) The percentage covered by swamps. 02 scores

Area under swamps
= 5 squares + 6/2 squares
= 8 squares
8 squares = 8×1 = 8km²

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Scoring
 Correct actual size and Swampy area with procedures. 2 scores
 Correct actual size and Swampy area with no procedure. 1 score
 Wrong/ No response. 00
Total Scores. 20 scores.

Item 2: Photographic Skills.

Study Fig: 2, a photograph below taken from a location in Eastern Uganda, along with the accompanying
text.

Fig: 2

Residents in the area above have received news that the government plans to lease much of their land to
an investor who wants to establish an international tourism site and related facilities. The government
claims this will develop the area and the country. However, many residents feel uneasy and oppose the
investor's plans. They fear the government may seize their land and believe their area isn't suitable for
tourism. These reactions have made the investor nervous, as he's unfamiliar with this part of Uganda, and
the government is now confused.
Task:
a) Using evidence from a photograph and supporting materials, prepare a detailed message for the
government to give to the investor, aiming to build his confidence in establishing a tourism site.
b) Explain to the residents the opportunities their area and the country are likely to miss due to their
unreasonable opposition to the investor.

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a. Using evidence from a photograph and supporting materials, prepare a detailed message for the
government to give to the investor, aiming to build his confidence in establishing a tourism site.

C i) Identification of the problem.

The residents are lacking knowledge on the factors which promote Tourism and benefits of tourism.

Scoring.
 Correct statement. 1 score
 Wrong / No response. 00.

C ii) introduction
 Drawing a landscape sketch of the photograph.

LANDSCAPE SKETCH OF THE AREA SHOWN ON THE PHOTOGRAPH SHOWING PHYSICAL AND HUMAN FEATURES.

Scoring.
 Well drawn landscape sketch with most features named. 08 scores
 Well drawn landscape sketch with some features named. 06 scores
 Well drawn landscape sketch with one or features not named. 03 score.
 Wrong/ No response. 00

NOTE; Expected Features include; Hills, Cliffs, Valley, Forests, Settlements, Waterfalls. Grasslands.

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C iii) Learner’s Response / Body of the essay.
A. Potential Tourist attractions.
 The forest in the fore and background have rare trees species which can attract Tourists.
 Wild life in the forests in the background can be gazzeted as Tourists attractions.
 Forests in the background can offer chances for campfire and sport hunting by tourists.
 Unique culture by residents in the area e.g. in the right background can attract Tourists.
 Settlements shown in the right background can offer labour to the tourism site.
 Gentle slope in the background support accommodation and recreation facilities for tourist.
 Waterfall in middle ground and forests provide sites for filming and photography.

Scoring.
 7 or more factors described with evidence. 6 scores
 3 to 4 factors described with evidence. 4 scores
 1 to 2 or more factors described / mentioned without evidence. 1 score
 Wrong/ No response. 00

iv) Statement of opinion.

The investor should have courage to set up the tourism site due to various tourism potentials in the area
and positive government policy
Scoring.
 Correct statement with reason. 1 score
 Wrong/ No response. 00

b) Explain to the residents the opportunities their area and the country are likely to miss due to their
unreasonable opposition to the investor.

Opportunities likely to be missed.

 Employment opportunities from the tourism site which would improve on their standards of
living.
 Market for local commodities by tourists which would increase on their incomes.
 New development ideas/ cultures/ innovations from tourists which would improve on their
standards of living.
 Foreign exchange from tourists which would help to improve infrastructure by government.
 Good cooperation and friendship with other countries which would improve on peace and
security in Uganda.
 Development of a potential art and craft industry.
 Potentials by government to construct transport infrastructure to promote tourism in the area.

Scoring
 6 or more benefits described. 5 scores
 3 to 4 benefits described 3 scores
 1 to 3 benefits described 2 scores
 Wrong/ No response. 00.
Total scores. 20 scores

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 SECTION B
This section has two parts I and II.
Part I
Answer one item from this part.

Item 3:
Study the text and Fig 3 provided and use them to answer this task.
In many parts of Africa, governments have urged people to conserve natural vegetation. Researchers have
explained that vegetation forms the basis of human life, highlighting the need to balance its utilization
and conservation. However, some people living around tropical rainforests and savanna grasslands have
dismissed this as unproven research. They argue that land use types and economic activities in their areas
do not depend on the nature of vegetation but rather on their creativity and God's will. Consequently,
this view has led to the degradation of vegetation in these regions.
You have been selected as a key speaker for a sensitization rally organized by the government to help
people understand how the nature of vegetation influences their lives and the importance of conserving
it.

Support material.

Fig. 3(a) Savanna grasslands Fig. 3(b) Tropical rainforests.

Task:
Prepare a 30-minute speech that you would present at sensitization rallies aimed at raising awareness
about vegetation among people living around Savanna grasslands and Tropical rainforests.

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ITEM 3.
C i) Problem identification.
 Lack of knowledge about how Tropical rainforests and savanna Grasslands influences human
activities.
Scoring
 Correct statement. 1 score
 Wrong/ No response. 00

C ii) introduction – Location of areas / countries covered by tropical rain forests and Savanna vegetation
in the many parts of Africa.
 A sketch map of Africa showing extent of tropical rain forests and savanna
vegetation.

Scoring;

 Well drawn and labelled sketch map with elements 05 scores

 Well drawn and labelled sketch map with some elements missing 03 scores
 Location by examples of countries without sketch map 02 score
 Wrong/ No response. 00

C iii) Learner’s Response / body

A. Characteristics of tropical rainforests and Savanna grasslands.
 Leaves are broad evergreen in Tropical Rain Forests.
 Tall trees of straight stems in Tropical Rain Forests.
 Trees are hardwood.
 TRF trees appear in mixed stands.
 TRF trees have buttress roots 1-2m spread out.
 TRF trees form three canopies.
 Trees are scattered and short in savanna.
 Trees are umbrella shaped in savanna.
 Drought resistant trees species such as; acacia, baobab, elephant and spear grasses.
 Trees are deciduous – shade off their leaves at beginning of dry season in savanna.
 Trees have succulent twisted barks that store water in savanna.
 Grasses are tall and fire resistant.
 Seasonal changes in color of grasses; brown in dry season and green in rainy season.

Scoring;

 7 or more characteristics. 5 scores

 4 to 6 scores. 3 scores
 3 to 4 scores 2 scores
 Wrong/ No response. 00

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B. Influence of Vegetation On human activity.
 Hard wood trees favour lumbering.
 Savanna Bush lands support hunting.
 Collection of herbal medicines from Savanna and Tropical rainforests.
 Tropical tall trees help in regulation of wind speed which favour crop growth
 Grasslands habitate wildlife which reduce their attack on human property
 Aid in Rainfall formation which support agriculture.
 Grasslands provide plenty of pasture for grazing support livestock rearing.

Scoring;

 7 or more characteristics. 5 scores

 4 to 6 scores. 3 scores
 3 to 4 scores 2 scores
 Wrong/ No response. 00

C. Effects of Destruction of Vegetation.

 Migration of wild animals which leads to reduction in biodiversity.
 Reduction in Rainfall / increased temperatures hence climate change.
 Depletion of valuable plant species which affects future generations.
 Destruction of habitat for wildlife which affects tourism.
 Results to increase in global warming due to increased carbon dioxide.

Scoring.
 5 or more effects explained. 3 Scores
 3 to 4 effects explained. 2 scores
 1 to 2 effects explained or more mentioned. 1 score

C IV) Statement of opinion.

 Shows need to conserve natural vegetation or have a balance between utilization and
conservation of vegetation.
Scoring.
 Correct statement with reason. 1 score
 Wrong / No response. 00

Total scores. 20 scores

Item 4:
Study the text and Fig 4 provided below to answer the following task.
There are indicators of misuse of the Rift Valley region by some people in East Africa. Some regard it as a
source of cultural blessings, believing it to be a gift from their ancestral gods. Others have settled and
cultivated on steep parts of the valley. Meanwhile, some refrain from engaging in profitable economic
activities due to a lack of understanding about how this unique valley and its steep sides formed, leading
to fears about risking their lives. This situation has prevented many people within the Rift Valley region
from fully benefiting from its potential.

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 Support material

Fig: 4
Task:

Prepare a sensitization message of about 500 words that you would present to people within the Rift Valley
to encourage them to explore the wealth in their area.

C i) Problem identification
 Residents are lacking knowledge about formation of the rift Valley and its possible effects on
Lives
Scoring
 Correct statement. 1 score
 Wrong/ No response. 00

C ii) Introduction – learner describes the process of formation of a rift valley.

Process of formation of the rift Valley.

 Rift Valley is an elongated trough bordered by two in facing fault scarps.
 It was formed by Faulting.
 This was due to spontaneous heating from radioactivity, Geochemical and geophysical reactions
in the interior. The heating melted rocks which generated convective currents.

EITHER. Tension forces theory .

The convective currents generated Tension forces which pulled the land to different directions hence
creating normal fault lines.

 Land was divided into 3 blocks i.e. the middle and side blocks.
 Continuous action by tension forces made the middle block to subside/ sink below the middle
block hence forming a Rift Valley.
 Illustration.

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OR. The compression forces theory.
The convective currents generated compression forces which pushed land towards a similar point hence
creating reversed fault lines.
 Land was divided into 3 blocks i.e. the middle block and side blocks
 Continuous action by compression forces made the side blocks to rise leaving the middle block
below standing as a Rift Valley
 Illustration.

Scoring
 Correct and explained process of formation with diagram. 07 scores
 Correct and explained process of formation without diagram. 05 scores
 Well labeled diagrams without explanations. 03 score
 Wrong/ No response. 00

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C iii) Learner’s Response / Body of the essay.

A. Positive importance of the Rift Valley.

 Tourism based on rare relief scenery which widens market for local commodities
 Fertile soils on the R/V floor can support arable farming.
 Pastures in the valley can support commercial livestock rearing.
 Wild life conservation can be done from grasslands in the rift Valley to promote tourism.
 Rift valley lakes support fishing in the western arm e.g. Tanganyika, Albert, etc.
 Block Mountains have montane forests support lumbering e.g. mt. Ruwenzori.
 Rift valley highlands like mt. Rwenzori are source of rivers support irrigation farming e.g.
Mobuku.
 Graben lakes support water transport and development of inland ports e.g Wanseko on Lake
Albert.

Scoring
 7 or more benefits described. 06 scores
 5 to 6 benefits described. 04 scores
 3 to 4 benefits described or more mentioned 03 score
 Wrong/ No response. 00

B. Negative effects of the Rift Valley.

 Prone to earthquakes leading to loss of life and property.
 Prone to flooding due to flat relief leading to loss of property.
 Steep slopes of the rift Valley act as barriers during construction of communication routes.
 Attacks from disease vectors from grasslands hence diseases.
 Soil erosion is common on Steep slopes hence low crop yields.
 Hot temperatures due to low altitude cause discomfort to man.

Scoring
 6 or more problems well explained. 05 scores
 5 to 4 problems explained. 03 scores
 2 to 3 problems explained or more mentioned. 02 score
 Wrong/ No response. 00

C iv) Statement of opinion

 Points out need for proper and planed utilization of the rift Valley area to cause development
among the people.
Scoring
 Correct statement with reason. 1 score
 Wrong/ No response. 00

Total scores. 20 scores

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 Part II
Answer one item from this part.
Item 5:
The expansion of urban centers in most African countries has often been cited by many African leaders as
a sign of rapid economic and social development. However, the United Nations Environment Committee
has cautioned that this growth is harmful to the environment and to the social lives of people. These
debates between leaders and the Environment Committee have left many African communities confused
about urbanization.

Support Materials

Table showing population of selected urban centers in Africa between 2009 - 2023 in 000's
CITY Population by 2009 Population by 2023
Lagos 10,114 15,946
Cairo 16,539 22,183
Kampala 1,919 38,46
Nairobi 3138 5,325
Total 31710 47,300
Adopted: https:/www.World bank. org.
Task:
a) Using a suitable graph, represent the information given in the table above to allow for clear
comparison by African communities.
b) In about 350 words, prepare a written message you would give to African communities sensitizing
them about the meaning of the expansion of urban centers.

A COMPARATIVE/ GROUPED BAR GRAPH SHOWING POPULATION OF URBAN CENTERS IN AFRICA

BETWEEN 2009 – 2023.

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A COMPARATIVE/ GROUPED BAR GRAPH SHOWING POPULATION OF URBAN CENTERS IN AFRICA
BETWEEN 2009 – 2023.

OR
Scoring
 Accurately drawn graph with all details. 8 scores
 Accurate drawn graph with some details missing. 6 scores
 Inaccurate graph with correct labelling. 2 score
 Wrong/ No graph. 00

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b) In about 350 words, prepare a written message you would give to African communities sensitizing
them about the meaning of the expansion of urban centers.

C i) identification of the Problem.

Lack of knowledge by African communities about effects of Urbanization.

Scoring.
 Correct statement. 1 score
 Wrong/ No response. 00

C ii) Introduction – Definition of urbanisation.

- Examples of major urban centers in Africa. Eg. Cairo - Egypt, Lagos- Nigeria,
Johannesburg- R.S Africa, Accra – Ghana, etc.
Scoring :
 4 or more examples and definition 02 scores
 1 to 3 examples with definition 01 score
 Without/wrong 00

C iii) Learner’s Response/ Body of the essay.

A. Positive effects of Expansion of Urban centers on environment/ African communities.

 Promotes creativity and innovations hence economic diversification and growth.
 Stimulates government to establish social services hence economic development.
 Widens market for Agriculture and industrial products.
 Provides employment to cleaners, security personnel and engineers
 Expands government revenue base due to many profitable investments initiated.
 Promote cultural diversity, tolerance and exchange amongst inhabitants.
 Improved and effective governance, planning and public administration for better welfare of
inhabitants.
 Enhanced environment management that incorporates green spaces, leisure parks.
 Reduce poverty and income inequality through employment opportunities in urban areas.
 Improved security for welfare of the inhabitants.

Scoring
 5 or more benefits described. 04 scores
 3 to 4 benefits described. 03 scores
 1 to 2 described or more mentioned. 01 score
 Wrong / No response. 00

B. Negative effects of expansion of urban centers.

 Land fragmentation hence decline in land Productivity.
 Easy spread of diseases due to congestion.
 Decline in food production due decrease in labor force in villages.
 Encroachment on swamps destroy natural habitats and reduce biodiversity / due to urban
expansion.
 Air pollution due to increased emissions from industries, vehicles, and energy generation.

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  Increased Water pollution through contamination of water resources due poor waste
management and industrial activities.
 More vulnerable to climate change related disasters like floods and heat waves.
 Increased temperatures due to much heat and energy combustion retained in built areas.
 Water scarcity due to increased demand straining limited resources.
 Increased spread of communicable diseases affect inhabitants.
 Increased crime and insecurity.

Scoring
 5 or more problems described. 04 scores
 4 to 3 problems described. 03 score
 1 to 2 problems described or more mentioned. 01 scores
 Wrong/ No response. 00

C iv) Statement of opinion

 Shows need for urban planning to limit environmental degradation.

Scoring
 Correct statement. 01 score
 Wrong/ No response. 00

Total scores. 20 scores

Item 6:
Study the scenario and the Fig.5 below and answer items that follow.
According to the trade overview in 2022, Uganda ranked as the 92nd largest economy in the world in
terms of GDP (US$), 135th in total exports, and 147th in total imports. Furthermore, Uganda's imports of
goods and services accounted for 25.93% of GDP, while exports constituted 15.78% of GDP.
Uganda's trade balance consistently shows a deficit. The exports of goods decreased to USD 3.9 billion
from USD 4.1 billion, while imports reached USD 9.3 billion. Despite various measures taken, this trade
imbalance persists.
Support material
A Comparative Line Graph Showing Uganda’s International Trade for the Years 2011 and 2022.

Fig 6:
Adopted: UBOS, Import and Export trade with minor modifications.
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Task:
a) Describe the trend of Uganda’s imports and exports from 2011 to 2022.
b) Suggest reasons for the trend in (a) above.
c) What possible solutions can you give the government of Uganda to balance the trade?

ITEM 6
a) Describe the trend of Uganda’s imports and exports from 2011 to 2022.

Ideas for examiners use to describe trend.

The learner describes the Trend to include the aspects of:

Period + Description of the perspective of the curve including adjectives of:
Rapid/ sharp/ slight/ gradual/ slow/small/ big/ constant/uniform,
together with the perspective of the curve at: increase/ Rise/ decline/ decrease/ Falling: + the
magnitude of change including units used at the scenario/support material.

Trend for imports

 Between 2011 and 2012, Uganda’s imports of goods and services was constant at1000 USD
billion.
 From 2012 to 2017, there was Rapid / sharp increase in Uganda’s imports continuously by USD
4.5 billion.
 Between 2017 and 2019, there was a slight/ small / gradual / fall /decline / decrease in Uganda’s
imports by USD 0.5 billion.
 From 2019 to 2022, there was a sharp/ rapid increase of imports to Uganda by approximately
USD 2.5 billion.
 Uganda’s imports have generally increased with some fluctuations between 2011 and 2022.

Scoring
 4 or more details described for imports 2 scores
 1 to 3 details described for imports 1 score
 Wrong/ No response. 00

Trend for exports:

 Between 2011 and 2016, Uganda’s exports of goods and services gradually increased by approx.
USD 0.3 billion.
 From 2016 to 2018, there was Rapid / sharp increase/Rise in Uganda’s exports by approx. USD
0.8 billion.
 Between 2018 and 2019, there was a slight/ small / gradual / fall /decline / decrease in Uganda’s
exports by approx. USD 0.3 billion.
 From 2019 to 2020, there was a constant/ uniform export of Uganda’s goods and services at
approx. USD 1.5 billion.
 Between 2020 and 2022, exports of goods and services from Uganda, sharply / rapidly increased
by approx... USD 0.6 billion.
 Generally Uganda’s exports have increased, with a few declines between 2011 and 2022.
Scoring
 4 or more details described for exports 2 scores
 1 to 3 details described for exports 1 score
 Wrong/ No response. 00

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b) Suggest reasons for the trend in (a) above.

C i) Problem identification.

The ministry of trade is lacking knowledge about problems facing trade activities/ Causes of decline in
trade activities and benefits of trade in Uganda

Scoring
 Correct statement. 1 score
 Wrong/ No response. 00

C ii) Introduction:
 Definition of trade.
 Examples of imports to Uganda are mainly capital equipment, vehicles, petroleum, medical
supplies, and cereals with key partners including China, Kenya, United Arab Emirates and
Tanzania.
 Uganda’s exports are mainly: gold, coffee, fish, raw sugar and cocoa beans with key partners
including; United Arab Emirates, India, Hong Kong, Kenya, and Italy.

Scoring
 5 or more examples identified with correct definition 02 scores
 3 to 4. examples identified with correct definition 01 score
 Wrong / No response. 00.

C iii) Learner’s Response / body of essay.

The learner explains the reasons for increasing trend and decreasing trend in both imports and
exports generally.
A. Reasons for decreasing trend in trade activities in Uganda / problems/challenges.
 Inadequate investment in export oriented industries to drive export growth.
 Overreliance on a few export products mainly raw materials.
 Exchange rate fluctuations make imports more expensive and exports less competitive in global
markets.
 Limited exports mainly primarily agricultural products including coffee, tea, cotton and raw
materials face stiff competition.
 Over dependence on imports such as machinery, electronics, and manufactured goods not
produced locally.
 Low value addition, exports are mainly raw or semi processed that earn low prices compared to
processed and manufactured goods.
 High transport costs and production costs including energy/ electricity/ petroleum Uganda being
a landlocked country rely on Neighbours ports.
 High taxes lead to losses
 Inadequate trade infrastructure including feeder roads limit access to markets.
 Low levels of technology e.g. automated production activities to reduce labour intensive costs.
 Political instability in some districts lead to losses
 Inadequate capital among traders leads to low volumes of trade.

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Scoring

 5 or more problems explained. 03 scores

 4 to 5 problems explained. 03 scores
 2 to 4 problems explained or mentioned. 02 score
 Wrong / No response. 00.

B. Reasons /Advantages for Increasing trend in trade activities in Uganda.

 Increased economic diversification of exports beyond traditional products like coffee, cotton to
include fruits, vegetables, honey hence economic growth and development.
 Improved trade infrastructure including transport and Information Technology/ internet has
increased accessibility and marketing.
 Increased investment in trade facilitation including customs modernization in clearing and
forwarding.
 Enhanced private sector competitiveness through favourable government trade policies such as
access to finance, promote innovations and improved business environment.
 Enhanced trade agreement and partnerships with trade partners including United Arab
Emirates, India, EU, AGOA, etc.
 Growth of e-commerce and digital trade internally with global countries.
 Regional integration initiatives / trade blocs including EAC, SADC, ECOWAS, COMESA, PTA, etc.
 Increased focus on value addition and Industrialisation has improved price levels.
 Role of diaspora communities has promoted trade between Uganda globally.
 Simplification of trade procedures and reduced beauracracies has increased volumes of exports.
 Growing consumer market for imported goods and services and urbanisation in Uganda has
increased the volume of imports.

Scoring
 7 or more advantages explained. 04 scores
 4 to 6 advantages explained. 03 scores
 2 to 4 advantages explained or mentioned. 02 score
 Wrong/ No response. 00

C. What possible solutions can you give the government of Uganda to balance the trade?
 Diversification of exports that encourage production of non- traditional exports.
 Value addition before exports increase market value and competitiveness.
 Investment in agriculture to increase export of high-value crops.
 Industrialisation to include import substitution (BUBU) for domestic consumption and export will
reduce reliance on imports
 Skills development in areas of marketing promotion, packaging, and quality control to meet
international standards.
 Export-oriented foreign investment that attract foreign investors to export sectors.
 Trade agreements to access new markets.
 Trade facilitations by streamlining customs procedures.
 Strategic infrastructure investment including transport networks, storage facilities, and ports
facilities to reduce trade costs
 Access to finance through providing affordable financing options.
 Market research and intelligence to make informed trade decisions.
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Scoring
 5 or more solutions explained. 03 scores
 3 to 4 solutions explained. 02 scores
 1 to 2 solutions mentioned. 01 score
 Wrong/ No response. 00

C iv) Statement of opinion

The government/ ministry is therefore encouraged to reduce taxes, develop infrastructure, ensure
peace and extend credit facilities to traders in order for the country to benefit from trade

Scoring

 Correct statement with reason. 1 score

 Wrong/ No response. 00

Total scores. 20 scores

OVERALL TOTAL SCORES. 80 scores

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