END SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS – DECEMBER 2022
Programme & Batch: M.E – Thermal and Fluid Engineering & 06 Semester: 01
Course Title: Advanced Thermodynamics Course Code: PFMC101
Duration: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 100 marks
ANSWER KEY
Question No
Question Marks
Part A (10×2 = 20 Marks) Answer all Questions
1 Define second law efficiency of a closed system
It is defined as the ratio of the thermal efficiency of an actual system
compared to an idealized or reversible version of the system for heat
engines. It can also be described as the ratio of the useful work output 2
of the system to the reversible work output for work-consuming
systems.
Show that the Joule-Thomson co-efficient of an ideal
2
gas is zero
For one mole of an ideal gas,
Thus for an ideal gas, Joule –Thomson co-efficient is zero, i.e., an ideal
gas does not exhibit the Joule-Thomson effect
3 Derive an expression to calculate work transfer in a reversible 2
isothermal process
In thermodynamics, the reversible work involved when a gas
changes from state A to state B is
where p for gas pressure and V for gas volume.
For an isothermal (constant temperature T), reversible process, this
integral equals the area under the relevant PV (pressure-volume)
isotherm, Again, p = nRT/V applies and with T being constant (as
this is an isothermal process), the expression for work becomes:
work is defined as work on a system by its surroundings. If, for
example, the system is compressed, then the work is done on the
system by the surrounding so the work is positive and the internal
energy of the system increases. Conversely, if the system expands
(i.e., system surrounding expansion, so free expansions not the case),
then the work is negative as the system does work on the surroundings
and the internal energy of the system decreases.
It is also worth noting that for ideal gases, if the temperature is held
constant, the internal energy of the system U also is constant, and so
ΔU = 0. Since the First Law of Thermodynamics states that
ΔU = Q + W it follows that Q = −W for the isothermal compression or
expansion of ideal gases.
4 Explain Dalton’s law of partial pressure
Dalton's law of partial pressures states that the total pressure of a
mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the 2
component gases
What is degree of reaction?
5
2
6 Describe Gibbs phase rule 2
7 Compare microscopic and macroscopic thermodynamics 2
8 Explain why heat transfer is a path function? 2
9 Define the term Irreversibility 2
10 Describe the advantages of instrumentation diagram. 2
Part B (1×10 = 10 Marks) Compulsory Question
Explain in detail on thermoelectric effects of
11 irreversible thermodynamics. 10 K3 CO6
Part C (5×14 = 70 Marks) Answer All Questions
12 (a) A heat engine operates between a source at 600 oC and a 14 K3 CO1
sink at 20oC. Determine the least rate of heat rejection
per kW net output of the engine.
(OR)
(i) Explain about Bridgman table? And calculate (Dow
12 (b) 07 K3 CO1
a/ Dow P)h, using Bridgman table.
(ii) Construct the Clausius- Clapeyron equation for
phase change 07
Calculate the enthalpy change for nitrogen due to a
13 (a) change of state from 100 kPa and 300 K to 20 MPa and 14 K3 CO2
200 K using generalized enthalpy correction chart
(OR)
Write about Kesler generalized three parameter table.
Calculate the saturation temperature for ammonia at 1
13 (b) 14 K3 CO2
MPa assuming it obeys the Peng -Robinson equation of
state
Determine the equilibrium constant Kp at 1600K for
14 (a) 14 K3 CO3
the gas-phase reaction CO2 CO+1/2 O2.
(OR)
(i) When a system is said to be in phase equilibrium?
14 (b) (ii) Consider a mixture of 80% liquid ammonia and 02 K3 CO3
20% water by mole numbers at 20 oC. Determine the
composition of the vapour phase of this mixture. 12
Demonstrate concept of (i) Microstate driving force
15 (a) and thermodynamic driving force (ii) Identification of 14 K3 CO4
thermodynamic driving force and displacement.
(OR)
A mixture of 1 kmol of CO and 2 kmol of O 2 is heated
15 (b) to 2000 K at a pressure of atm. Determine the 14 K3 CO4
equilibrium composition, assuming that the mixture
consists of CO2, CO and O2
A metal piece of 1 kg mass with constant specific heat
16 (a) of 0.4 kJ/kgK is cooled from 200oC to 100oC by 14 K3 CO5
transferring heat to the surrounding air at 27 oC.
Determine the reversible work and the irreversibility
for this process.
(OR)
Discuss in detail on Entropy balance and arrive at
16 (b) measure of the degradation or dissipation of energy in 14 K3 CO5
engines, and its minimization.
Knowledge Level as per Bloom Taxonomy
K1- Remember; K2- Understand; K3- Apply; K4- Analyse; K5- Evaluate; K6- Create
