DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
REFRIGERATION & AIR CONDITIONING
Title of Experiment:- Refrigeration Tutor
INTRODUCTION:
Vapour compression refrigeration cycle is a very widely used cycle of
refrigeration in ground, air space and marine applications. It uses variety of refrigerants
such as Ammonia (NH3), Freon group (R12, R22, R134a, etc.), sulphur Dioxide (S02)
& Carbon Dioxide (C02). The vapour compression refrigeration system has
fundanentally four basic components and four basic processes.
EVAPORATOR:
Liquid refrigerant at a low pressure evaporates at low
temperature and produces refrigerating effect (N )
COMPRESSOR:
Low presure vapor from evaporator is sucked and compressed to high temperature and
pressure. The work done by the compressor is (w).
CUNDENSER:
High pressure vapors are condensed rejecting heat to cooling medium.
EXPANSION DEVICE:
High pressure liquid refrigerant from condenser is allowed to pass to the
evaForator through the expansion device. Acapillary or thermostatic expansion valve is
an expansion device used through which the liquid refrigerant is throttled. The present
unit has been designed to demonstrate these processes and to investigate the effects of
diferent variables on the performance of the theoretical cycle and actual cycle of
refrigeration.
Walchand College of Engineering Sangli
SPECIFICATIONS
" Compressor Make Shriram Model No. SR412
Cooling Capacity 932 KCal /hr
Displacement 11.26 cc/rev
Speed 2800 r.p.m.
No. of Cylinders, One
Condenser Air cooled condenser, suitable for compressor with a fan & motor
Expansion Device 1)Thermostatic expansion valve.
2) Capillary Tube
Rotameter Make - Eureka Range - 6.6 To 66 LPH
For Refrigerant -R-134a
Refrigerant Used R- 13 a
" Energy meter Single phase for compressor and heater one each
Voltmeter Range - 0 - 300 volt, Dial Type.
Ammeter Range -0 - 10 amp, Dial Type.
Dimmerstat 230 volt, 3 KW, Rider Type.
Pressure Gauges 0 -300psi, INo. -30"ofHg 0-150psi, INo
Temperature Indicator Digital, Range upto 300° C with Cr - Al thermocouple - 4 Nos
Solenoid Valve Castle Make, 1 No
HPLP Cut-out Ranco Make, INo
Thermostat Ranco Make, INo
Service Valves 3 Nos
SAFETY CONTROLS
1. HPLP Cutout: i). High pressure cut out to switch off compressor if condenser pressure
exceeds set pressure in HP side.
ii). Low pressure cutout to switch off the compressor if evaporator
pressure decreases below set pressure in low pressure side.
2. Thermostat: To switch off the compressor if the calorimeter temperature decreases
below set limit.
3. Solenoid Valve: To prevent the flow of liquid refrigerant towards thermostatic expansion
valve and to safeguard it.
SERVICE REQUIRED
230 VSingle phase A.C. stabilized power supply,
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ESCRIP TION
panel.
All the components of refrigeration tutor are displayed on a portable metallic
condenser, a
he unit consists of l1/3 ton refrigerating capacity compressor, an air cooled vapours frorm the
vater calorimeter, capillary and thermostatic expansion valve. Refrigerant discharged to air
evaporator coil are sucked by the compressor, and are compressed and
cooled condenser. This high temperature and high pressure refrigerant is passed cooled in the
condenser and is converted into liquid form. This liquid refrigerant is then through
rotameter and then alternatively passed through capillary or thermostatic expansion valve
with the use of either hand shut off valve or solenoid valve respectively. The liquid
refrigerant thus is throttled and is admitted to the evaporator whereit boils. In the evaporator
the refrigerant is converted from liquid in tothe vapour form and produces the refrigerating
effect at the evaporator. The evaporator coil is fitted in the calorimeter containíng water and
thus the water temperature is lowered down due to loss heat energy by the evaporation
process followed in the evaporator coil dipped in the water.
A heater isprovided at the bottom of the calorimeter, which offers heat load which ís
balanced by refrigerating effect produced. The calorimeter contains sufficient water until the
evaporator coil is totally immersed. The temperature of the water in the calorimeter can be
observed with the help of dial thermometer. Separate pressure gauges are provided to
measure condenser and evaporator pressure. A digital temperature indicator is provided to
measure temperature of the refrigerant at inlet and outlet of condenser and evaporator. For
safety of compressor HPLP cutout and thermostat are provided. Energy meter is supplied to
measure work done by compressor and heat supplied to balance the refrigerating effect
produced in the calorimeter. Main switch and different switches are provided for
compressor, heater, solenoid valve and condenser fan.
TEST PROCEDURE
Put the main switch' ON
Start the condenser fan and wait for 5 minutes.
Open the hand shut off valve to work the system on capillary.
Switch * ON'compressor.
After 10 to 15 minutes start the heater and adjust heat input with the help of heater
control switch.
Wait for 45 minutes to achieve steady state condition,
Measure time for 10rev of energy meter for heater 32ompressor.
" Note down the readings in the observation table.
(Note - To run the system on thermostatic expansion valve, put solenoid valve Switch "ON"
and then close hand shut off valve and go for the similar procedure mentioned above. )
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OBSERVATION TABLE
[Link] Description Symbol Units
Condensing Pressure D |PSI
|Readings
02 Evaporating Pressure P'e |PSI
03 Rotameter Flow Rate |LPH
04. Condenser Inlet T1I
Temperature
05. Condenser Outlet |T2 °C
Temperature
06. Evaporator Inlet |T3 °C
Temperature
|07. Evaporator Outlet |T4 °C
Temperature
08. |Compressor Energy -Time 5 |Sec.
|for 10 flashes
09. |Compressor Current A |Amps.
|10. |Compressor Voltage |Volts.
|11. Calorimeter Temperature °C
12. Heater Energy) Time for Th Sec
10 revolutions
13 CondensOre
SPECIMEN CÁLCULATION`
1) Theoretical Coefficjent of Performance
C.0.P (theoretical) = Ntheo
Wtheo
= Heo -Hco
Hei -Heo
"(Ahlevap
Where, Hei =Enthalpy at condenser inletKJ/ kg.
Heo = Enthalpy at condenser outlet KJ/kg
Hei = Enthalpy at evaporator inlet KJ/ kg.
Heo =Enthalpy at evaporator out let KJ / kg.
(In Throttling Process Hco = Hei).
2) Actual Coefficient Of Performance :
C.O.P (actual) =Nct / Wact..
Where, Nact'= Nh x36007h xEMCh) Kw.
Wact =Ncx 3600 Y(To xEMCO) Kw.
EMCh = Energy meter constant for Heater. = 200
EMCc = Energy meter constant for compressor. =(200
3) Relative C.0,P
C.0.P (relative) = COP act / COP theoretical.
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240
Carnot COP: (operating between same saturation Temperature.)
C.O.P carnot TL/ (TH-TL).
Where, TL saturation temperature at Peak K
TH saturation temperature at Pea K.
(Refer table)
CONCLUSION
The values of COP carnot, COP theo, COP act are in accordance with theory and are in
descending order.
STOPPING THE PLANT
Stop the plant on capillary circuit, put "OFF" switches of compressor, condenser fan and
heater. The evaporator and condenser pressures will cqualize after 30 minutes, with capillary
circuit open.
Walchand College of Engineering
Sangli
