PERU AND AGENDA 21. (tecnologiaslimpias.cl/peru/peru_dsa21.

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Peru did not develop a national planning process during the 1990s
sustainable development. The conception of governmental development favored growth
economic, in a political framework favorable to state deregulation; in the dimension of the
social policies, efforts were concentrated on the fight against poverty. In both
plans, the results have not been significant or sustainable. However, the Government
installed in July 2001, has begun a process of return to Planning as
Development instrument.

The framework mentioned above was aimed at reducing the participation of the State.
regarding the market in the midst of a process that gradually leaned towards the greater
centralization of power and resources in the central government, eliminating the system of
existing planning and the implementation process of regional governments,
replacing them in 1988 with Transitional Regional Administration Councils (CTAR), whose
members are appointed by the Executive Power and centralize investment decision-making
the ministerial sectors until 2001. However, it should be noted the formulation in the
ministries of their respective planning and programming.

Main advances in sustainable development planning:

Despite this context of increased centralism and the absence of a national plan
sustainable development, the National Environment Council CONAM created in 1994, presented to
country 3 National Environmental Agendas, 96-97 in the Ecodialogue of Ica, 98-2000 in the
Ecodialogue of Arequipa and 2000-2002 Ecodialogue held in Lima, committing to the
National Agenda of 98, to initiate a process of decentralization of environmental management.

During the 1990s, planning processes have been undertaken at the regional level.
local governments, basically through projects executed with the support of cooperation
international. Most of these experiences began in the second half of the
1990s, having as a background the successes of collaborative local planning efforts
driven by some municipalities beforehand. The common purpose of these
The initiative has been to lay the foundations for sustainable development based on two axes.
main: the establishment of strategic alliances at the local levels and the promotion of
citizen participation.
The ultimate goal of the same is the decentralization of resources and competencies, as a principle.
and also as guidelines from multilateral organizations and cooperation entities
oriented to ensure the proper targeting of investments and facilitate oversight of
public investment by society. (Peru Report for the Preparatory Process of
the Johannesburg Summit 2002

Agenda 21 in Peru

The Rio Declaration, the result of the United Nations Conference on Environment
Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992, became a
moral commitment of the signatory countries to contribute to the transition towards Development
Sustainable.
The aforementioned Declaration has as its operational instrument the Agenda 21, which in its different
chapters, addresses different themes that contribute to achieving this development. Capacity 21 is a
program created as part of the Rio Conference, with the purpose of supporting governments
in the implementation of Agenda 21 through the creation of management capacities.
This program has the following objectives:

The participation of the actors in the development of national plans and programs and in
environmental management (participation).

The incorporation of sustainable development principles into national plans and programs
(integration).

The creation of a body of knowledge and experiences in capacity development

for sustainable development (information).

In Peru, the Capacidad 21 project is launched by CONAM through a process of

national consultation called Environmental Dialogues, aimed at identifying the capacities
from public and private institutions in the formulation of environmental policies, the adoption
of effective solutions, the identification of their strengths and weaknesses as well as the levels of
national, regional, and local articulation.

As a result of the aforementioned Environmental Dialogues, CONAM and UNDP agree

develop the Capacity 21 Program in Peru under the name 'Management Program'
Regional and Local for Sustainable Development.

State Policy No. 19 Sustainable Development and Environmental Management

Report from CONAM

Progress in the Compliance of the Policy

The central approach of State Policy No. 19 is to 'Integrate national policy'

environmental with the economic, social, and cultural policies of the country, to help overcome
poverty and achieving sustainable development in Peru, promoting the institutional framework of the
public and private environmental management that facilitates the sustainable use of resources
natural, biological diversity, environmental protection, and the development of populated centers
sustainable cities, with the aim of improving the quality of life, preferably with
emphasis on the most vulnerable population of the country.

It should be taken into account that several of the objectives of state policy constitute
political or management decisions of the Government (at any of its levels). Compliance
politics involves the issuance or revision of policies and regulations or the strengthening of the
management capacities. For this purpose, the development of consensuses constitutes a necessity
fundamental, so that sustainability is given to these processes. Next
We present the objectives of the State Policy, detailing the main advances:
Strengthening of the Environmental Institutional Framework of the Country

We will strengthen the institutional framework for environmental management by optimizing coordination.
between the national environmental authority, the sectoral authorities, and the various management levels
decentralized, articulating policies and environmental programs of the productive sectors and
social, within the framework of a national environmental management system
Law No. 28245 was enacted in June 2005, which created the National Management System.
Environmental, while its Regulation (Supreme Decree No. 008-2005PCM) was enacted
January 28, 2005. These standards are the starting point for the strengthening process.
of environmental management and the mechanisms for coordination and joint action of the different
public and private entities involved in the same. The enactment of the
General Environmental Law, Law No. 28611, in October last concluded these efforts for
improve the general regulatory framework for environmental management in Peru, and opens a stage of
continuous improvement based on the established guidelines. Finally, the inclusion of a
environmental section within the National Competitiveness Plan strengthens the connections between the
national environmental policy and the country's development.
Another achievement is the progress made in decentralization. CONAM has promoted, in coordination with
the Regional and Local Governments, the approval of policies, agendas, and management systems
regional and local environmental policies. 20 Regional Environmental Policies have been approved, 21
Regional Environmental Management Systems, as well as 26 Local Management Systems
Environmental. In addition, 27 Regional Environmental Commissions and 45 Commissions have been created.
Municipal Environment. Currently, together with the National Decentralization Council, we
He is looking to organize the process of transferring environmental functions in charge of the
different sectors of the Executive Power.

Land Management

The third objective is "we will promote land use planning, basin management, and
coastal marine areas, as well as the recovery of degraded environments, considering the
vulnerability of the territory.

An important advance is of a normative nature, with the approval of Supreme Decree No.
087-2004-PCM of the Ecological and Economic Zoning Regulation, ZEE, instrument
technical for Environmental and Territorial Planning, as well as the preparation, approval and
implementation of the first Biannual Plan established in said regulation. CONAM leads
this process.

For the recovery of degraded environments, the advances made with the
Commission for the Sustainable Development of the Paracas Bay, chaired by CONAM and
integrated by representatives of public and private entities, whose post has been delivered to the
Regional Government of Ica. A Technical Group for control and rehabilitation was also created.
the water quality of the Santa River, the Multisectoral Commission for Control and Recovery of
the Erosion of El Ferrol Bay, as well as the Multisectoral Commission for decontamination
from Lake Titicaca.

Information, proposals, and progress in risk and vulnerability management are available.
related to Climate Change. This advance was made based on a platform of
work, coordinated by CONAM, and with the participation of more than 15 entities.

Development of Environmental Management Instruments

The fourth objective is to promote the implementation of environmental management instruments.

prioritizing those for prevention and clean production.

Peru has been completing the set of necessary environmental management instruments.
to achieve the objectives of environmental policy within the framework of the National Management System
Environmental. Below we highlight what has been developed in the following instruments of
environmental management

Environmental Territorial Planning: The Zoning Regulation has been approved.

Ecological and Economic (ZEE), which serves as a technical base instrument for the Planning.
Territorial. This year, three studies on EEZ at the regional level are being concluded, and
seven studies of ZZE have begun in regions and six in municipalities, which will conclude
the year 2007.

Environmental Impact Assessment System (SEIA): It has been presented to the Presidency of
Council of Ministers the Draft Regulation of the Law on the National Evaluation System
Environmental, for its approval.

Decontamination Plans and the Treatment of Environmental Liabilities: A team has been formed
multisectoral commissions have been formed and decontamination plans have been formulated for: the Bay of
Paracas, Chinchaycocha Lagoon, Ferrol Bay, and Lake Titicaca.

Environmental Quality Standards (ECA): Through supreme decrees, the

Air, Noise, Non-Ionizing Radiation ECAs; and CONAM, by Council Decree
The Directorate has approved the Regulation for the application of ECA for Non-Ionizing Radiation.
Ionizing.

- Maximum Permissible Limits (MPL): MPL has been approved in the following sectors: a) In
Mining: LMP for liquid effluents for mining metallurgical activities, for effluents
liquids resulting from activities of exploitation and marketing of liquid hydrocarbons
its by-products, for liquid effluents resulting from generation activities,
transmission and distribution of electrical energy; and of elements and compounds present in
gaseous emissions from mining and metallurgical units. b) In industry: LMP and
Reference Values for industrial activities of cement, beer, curttemberg and
paper. c) In Transport: LMP for pollutant emissions for motor vehicles that
circulate on the road network. d) Communications: LMP for Non-Ionizing Radiation in
Telecommunications

Integral Solid Waste Management Plans (PIGARS): 25 Municipalities

Provincial and 5 district municipalities have prepared and approved their PIGARs.

Planes 'To Clean the Air': Environmental technical groups for air quality have been formed.
air, with the aim of formulating and evaluating action plans for improvement of the
air quality in the 13 priority areas of the country. The Plans to Clean have been approved.
Area of Arequipa, Cusco, Huancayo, Iquitos, Piura, La Oroya and Lima-Callao.

- Regional Environmental Information Systems (SIAR): 11 SIAR have been launched.

based on an agreement between CONAM and Regional Governments and other local entities. One of the
SIAR products include the Bulletin of Environmental Indicators published in San Martín, Junín.
and Cusco.

Agenda 21 in the regions.