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The document provides comprehensive notes on C programming, covering topics from the introduction to data types, input/output, arithmetic, relational, logical, increment/decrement operators, and type casting. It includes code examples for each topic to illustrate concepts such as variable declaration, initialization, and operator usage. Type casting is explained with both implicit and explicit examples, highlighting its importance in operations like division.

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15 views10 pages

Converted Text

The document provides comprehensive notes on C programming, covering topics from the introduction to data types, input/output, arithmetic, relational, logical, increment/decrement operators, and type casting. It includes code examples for each topic to illustrate concepts such as variable declaration, initialization, and operator usage. Type casting is explained with both implicit and explicit examples, highlighting its importance in operations like division.

Uploaded by

rajeshkumar4274130
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Super!

Here are your C programming notes from the very beginning up to type casting, all
explained clearly:

---

1. Introduction to C Programming

C is a powerful general-purpose programming language developed in the early 1970s.

Used to develop operating systems, embedded systems, and compilers.

Code is structured and compiled (converted into machine code before execution).

---
2. Data Types and Variables

Basic Data Types:

Declaration:

int age;

float height;

char grade;

Initialization:

age = 18;

height = 5.9;

grade = 'A';

---
3. Input and Output

Include Header File

#include <stdio.h>

Input using scanf()

int age;

scanf("%d", &age);

Output using printf()

printf("Age is: %d", age);

Example Code:
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

char name[50];

char initial;

int age;

printf("Enter your name: ");

scanf("%s", name);

printf("Enter your initial: ");

scanf(" %c", &initial);

printf("Enter your age: ");

scanf("%d", &age);

printf("Your name: %s\nYour initial: %c\nYour age: %d\n", name, initial, age);

return 0;
}

---

4. Arithmetic Operators

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int a = 4, b = 80;

printf("Addition: %d\n", a + b);

printf("Subtraction: %d\n", a - b);

printf("Multiplication: %d\n", a * b);

printf("Division: %d\n", a / b);

printf("Modulus: %d\n", a % b);

}
---

5. Relational Operators

Compare values and return 1 (true) or 0 (false)

printf("a == b: %d\n", a == b);

printf("a != b: %d\n", a != b);

---

6. Logical Operators

Example:
int age = 20, mark = 80;

if (age > 18 && mark > 70)

printf("Both are positive.\n");

else

printf("Not both are positive.\n");

if (age > 23 || mark > 70)

printf("May Be eligible.\n");

else

printf("Not eligible.\n");

Incorrect usage of NOT:

// if (age > 23 ! mark > 90) Not valid


Correct usage:

if (!(age > 23 && mark > 90))

printf("Not positive.\n");

---

7. Increment and Decrement Operators

int a = 5;

printf("%d\n", ++a); // 6

printf("%d\n", a++); // 6, then becomes 7

printf("%d\n", a); // 7

---
8. Type Casting

Implicit Type Casting (done automatically)

int a = 5;

float b = a; // b = 5.0

Explicit Type Casting (done manually)

float a = 5.7;

int b = (int)a; // b = 5

Important Use Case: Division

int x = 7, y = 2;

float result = (float)x / y; // 3.5


Without casting, it would give:

int x = 7, y = 2;

float result = x / y; // 3.0 (wrong)

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