A Project

Report On

“Design of Water and Oxygen Extraction from

Atmospheric Air and Microalgae”

Submitted By

Sujit Vitthal Andhare Exam No. 72247970M

Sakshi Vishnu Bhavar Exam No. 72247978G
Srushti Deepak Jadhav Exam No. 72248014J
Tanay Nitin Jane Exam No. 72248018M
Vishwajit Tukaram Shinde Exam No. 72248054H

Guided By
Mr. A. R. Kondekar

Department Of Civil Engineering,

Sinhgad Institute of Technology & Science,
Pune 411041
[2024-25]
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify Sujit Vitthal Andhare (Exam Seat No.772247970M), Sakshi

Vishnu Bhavar (Exam Seat No.72247978G), Srushti Deepak Jadhav (Exam
Seat No. 72248014J), Tanay Nitin Jane (Exam Seat No. 72248018M),
Vishwajit Tukaram Shinde (Exam Seat No. 72248054H) have successfully
completed the project (Stage II) on entitled “Design of Water and Oxygen
Extraction from Atmospheric Air and Microalgae” under my supervision, in
the partial fulfillment of Bachelor of Civil Engineering in Savitribai Phule Pune
University.

Date:
Place:

Mr. A. R. Kondekar Mr. P. M. Wale

Guide Head of Civil Department

Dr. S. D. Markande
External Examiner Principal
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We take this opportunity with great pleasure to express our deep sense of gratitude
towards our guide A. R. Kondekar for his valuable guidance, encouragement and
cooperation extended to us during this project work.
We are so thankful to Mr. P. M. Wale Head, Department of Civil Engineering for
providing departmental facilities for this work.
We would also like to thank. Dr. S. D. Markande Principal, Sinhgad Institute of Technology
and Science for their unflinching help, support and cooperation during this project work.
We would also like to thank the Sinhgad Technical Educational Society for providing
access to the institutional facilities for our project work.

Name of Student Exam Seat No. Sign.

Sujit V. Andhare B400570013
Tanay N. Jane B400570047
Vishwajit T. Shinde B400570073
Srushti D. Jadhav B400570043
Sakshi V. Bhavar B400570013

i
 ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to develop a low energy for water generation and Spirulina
microalgae cultivation. The integrated model was designed to perform three main
functions: use condensation and dehumidification to draw out water from ambient air,
utilizing the water that was extracted, and cultivate Spiriola0 spp. The system integrates
sensors and IOT system to monitor air quality, manage purification processes, and
optimize water and oxygen production. The research methodology study involves
installing an end-open tube collector, sensors, and operating the system to collect and
collect the data from air-to-water conversion efficiency under varying conditions. The
study involves designing a solar-powered system with a desiccant wheel, developing
theoretical models to predict performance, and validating these models through
experimental testing and data analysis. The IOT data confirmed stable environmental
factors such as 78% humidity, pH around 7.5, and oxygen concentration near 20.90%,
validating the system's sustainability and effectiveness. The results of the study are that
the integrated model is a high-efficiency, low-power, and renewable method suitable for
urban and semi-urban environments.

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 CONTENTS

Certificate
Acknowledgement i
Abstract ii
Content iii
List of Figures v
List of Tables vi
List of Graph vi
Annexure A
Annexure B
Annexure C
Annexure D
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Introduction of Project 2
1.3 Need for civil engineering 3
1.4 Aim of Project 3
1.5 Problem Statement 3
1.6 Objectives 3
1.7 Limitations 3
1.8 Scope of the Project Work 4
2. Literature Review 5
2.1 Literature 5
2.2.1 Literature Review 5
2.2 Summary 6
3. Methodology 7
3.1 General 7

3.1.1 Air Pollution Sensor 7

3.1.2 ESP 32 to collect data 8

iii
 3.1.3 LCD 9

3.1.4 Model Detailing 9

3.1.5 Microalgae 10

3.1.6 pH sensor 11

3.1.7 Temperature sensor 11

3.1.8 Humidity sensor 12

3.2 Experimental study 13

3.2.1 Water extraction process 13

3.2.2 Cultivation of microalgae and oxygen detection 14

3.3 Experimental process 15

3.3.1 Water Extraction process 15

3.3.2 Cultivation of microalgae and oxygen detection 15

3.4 Coding for Result 15

4. Results & Discussion 22

4.1 Water Extraction Discussion 22

4.2 Oxygen generation from micro algae 23

4.2.1 Temperature graph 24

4.2.2 Dissolved oxygen graph 25

4.2.3 Humidity graph 25

4.2.4 pH graph 26

4.2.5 Air quality graph 26

4.2.6 Oxygen concentration graph 27

5. Conclusion 28

Reference 29

iv
 List of Figures

Figure No. Title Page No.

1. Liquid Tree in Serbia 1
2. Liquid Tree System 2
3. Flow diagram of project 7
4. Air pollution sensor 8
5. ESP 32 to collect data 8
6. LCD for showing observation 9
7. Model 9
8. Oxygen sensor Arduino 10
9. Cultivated Microalgae 11
10. pH sensor 11
11. Temperature sensor 12
12. Humidity sensor 12
13. Oxygen sensor 13
14. Water extraction part 13
15. Oxygen detection from micro algae 14
16. Thingspeak 16

v
 List of Tables

Table No. Title Page No.

4.1 Water extraction from Peltier system with time interval 22

4.2 IOT data of Oxygen generation 23

List of Graph

Graph No. Title Page No.

1. Water extraction from Peltier system with time interval 22

2. Temperature v/s Time 24
3. DO v/s Time 25
4. Humidity v/s Time 25
5. pH v/s Time 26
6. Air Quality v/s Time 26
7. Oxygen concentration v/s Time 27

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 Design of Water and Oxygen Extraction from Atmospheric Air and Microalgae

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background:
In the face of rising environmental challenges, innovative solutions are crucial for
addressing both air pollution and resource scarcity. Our project represents a pioneering
approach to environmental sustainability by integrating air purification, water generation
and Oxygen generation. By taking inspiration from “Liquid Tree” which is created In
Serbia to counter air pollution and From Hyderabad where they experimented Air to Water
conversion, by combing this two Project in one and doing it in Low budget is the final aim
for this project.

Fig. 1 Liquid Tree in Serbia

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 Design of Water and Oxygen Extraction from Atmospheric Air and Microalgae

Fig. 2 Liquid Tree System

1.2 Introduction of Project:

This project begins with the collection of air from urban or industrial sources. Using
advanced filtration and chemical processes, we aim to extract and convert harmful
pollutants into clean, usable water. This water then serves as a vital resource for cultivating
microalgae, a versatile and highly efficient organism known for its rapid growth and ability
to thrive in various conditions.
Researchers and experts have paid considerable attention to the nutritional profile of
microalgae, that is made up of a variety of unicellular photosynthetic organisms. Its
amazing composition includes important nutrients such as proteins, vitamins, and minerals.
Its abundant nutritional content highlights the potential of microalgae as a sustainable food
source and emphasizes the significance of this food source in tackling global issues related
to malnutrition and food security.

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1.3 Need for civil engineering:

The design of water and oxygen extraction from atmospheric air and microalgae is
necessary in civil engineering,specially in case of urban development enviormental
management.Nowdays,due to population grows rapidly and climate change, There is
shortage of water also because of pollution in urban cities oxygen level is reduced. So this
system helps for energy producing and reducing carbon footprints.
This system also improves the waste water quality and and air quality.By cultivating
microalgae in urban designs such as rooftop garden it improves air qualitiy and increase
aesthetic intrest.This technolgy makes a huge goal in environmental management and
making them a great future of civil engineering.
1.4 Aim of Project:
To design system for exracting water from atmospheric air and oxygen from microalgae
and increase environmental efficiency.
1.5 Problem Statement:
Innovative solutions are needed for water scarcity, climate change, and sustainable
energy. Air collection, atmospheric water generation, microalgae cultivation, and oxygen
production can work. However, optimizing these processes is tough. Air collection, water
generation, microalgae carbon capture and oxygen output, and energy utilization are major
issues. An effective, integrated system can address environmental challenges and boost
sustainability.
1.6 Objectives:
1 To take air from the atmosphere and collect it.
2 The production of water through the collection of air.
3 Cultivating the growth of microalgae in water.
4 Microalgae will be used to extract oxygen.
1.7 Limitations:
a. The location required for model is limited.
b. Water and sunlight requirement of microalgae.
c. Humidity in environment affects water extraction.
d. The requirement of power supply to run model is more.

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1.8 Scope of the Project Work:

A. Improve environmental conditions.
B. Making compact model.
C. Increasing Air Efficiency
D. Make model work on solar energy.

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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Literature:
All the research paper gave a brief idea about the building concept and analysis method
which can be implemented in our project and gives better results.
2.2.1 Literature Review:
George, (2023), “Liquifying Urban Lungs: Assessing the Air Purification Potential of
Photobioreactor Liquid Trees in Highly Polluted Cities.’’ The research methodology
proposed involves the study focuses on lab and field tests to assess CO2 absorption and
oxygen release. Field implementation was also observed in urban settings, specifically
Belgrade. Limitations include sunlight requirements, species selection, and costs.
Niranjan and Rakesh N, (2021), " Design of a Water and Oxygen Generator from
Atmospheric Pollutant Air Using Internet of Things". The methodology involves designing
a system that utilizes atmospheric pollutant air to generate water and oxygen. The system
integrates sensors and IoT technology to monitor air quality, manage purification processes,
and optimize water and oxygen production.
Agrawal, et al, (2023), " Experimental investigation of atmospheric air to water generation
based on both ends open evacuated tube collector solar air heater". The research
methodology study involves installing an end-open evacuated tube collector, calibrating
sensors, and operating the system to collect and analyse data on air-to-water conversion
efficiency under varying conditions. Data is then analysed to evaluate performance and
efficiency.
Kushwaha, et al (2024)," Solar-powered water generation from atmospheric air using
desiccant wheel: Theoretical and experimental investigation". The research methodology
study involves designing a solar-powered system with a desiccant wheel, developing
theoretical models to predict performance, and validating these models through
experimental testing and data analysis.
Bergmair, et al (2014), " System analysis of membrane facilitated water generation from
air humidity". The research methodology study involves a system analysis of a proposed
unit that uses water vapor selective membranes to extract water from humid air. The method
focuses on using membranes to separate water vapor from other atmospheric gases,

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reducing energy requirements significantly

Joshi, et al (2017), " Experimental Investigations on a Portable Fresh Water Generator
Using a Thermoelectric Cooler.’ The study experimentally investigates a thermoelectric
fresh-water generator (TFWG) that condenses moisture from ambient air using
thermoelectric cooling. A prototype was fabricated with ten thermoelectric modules, and
the impact of an internal heat sink, electric current, air mass flow rate, and humidity on
water generation was analysed.
Benemann, et al (1987), " Microalgae Biotechnology.” The study compares microalgae
mass cultures with agriculture and industrial fermentations, highlighting advantages in
using microalgae in specific conditions
Kazbar, et al, (2019), " Effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on microalgal culture in
photobioreactors’’ This study investigates the impact of high dissolved oxygen
concentrations (CO₂) on biomass productivity, The specific rate of cofactor regeneration
(JNADH2) was recalculated to enhance a kinetic growth model, which was then used to
predict the performance differences between photobioreactor geometries.
Nag-Jong Kim, et al, (2001), " A theoretical consideration on oxygen production rate in
microalgal cultures’ The study models oxygen production rates in high-density microalgal
cultures using light penetration and photosynthesis data. The model’s estimates matched
experimental results and were used to determine optimal photobioreactor operating
parameters.
Cattani., et al (2021), " Water Extraction from Air: A Proposal for a New Indicator to
Compare Air Water Generators Efficiency.’’ The study proposes a new indicator called
WET (Water Energy Transformation) to standardize the evaluation of air-to-water
generators' efficiency. This indicator is designed to compare different AWG machines by
calculating energy performance
2.2 Summary:
From this literature review, we studied the detailed concept of the Liquid Tree.
Papers give an idea about the methodology and design consideration for modelling and
analysing extraction of oxygen from Microalgae and collecting water from air.

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CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 General:
In the first case the group decided on the topic of the project under the guidance of the
professor.
As the topic is decided group started to research on the topic on various platform, and
collected information. After that we searched for research papers by different authors
regarding the project and studied them, after enough of data is collected, we are going to
start work on working model.

Fig. 3 Flow diagram of project

As the project is multidisciplinary, we asked for help from other department, and they’re
going to give help us regarding electronics components.
In model first we are going to capture air through using Dehumidification, it will work
as air conditioner which will cool down air and convert it in water. And for temperature we
are going to use Temperature and Humidity sensor it will observe air humidity and water
temperature.
3.1.1 Air Pollution Sensor
By Applying other Air pollution Sensor will collect air quality data. Air Pollution Sensor

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is used to detect the pollutant in the air. Also helps to detect carbon dioxide, Temperature,
Humidity, Carbon monoxide, Ozone etc. present in air. It is important for air purifier and
fresh air system. The Laser Scattering principle is used to detect pollutant in air also NDIR
non-dispersive infrared principle for carbon dioxide and Electrochemical principle for
ozone

Fig. 4 Air Pollution Sensor

3.1.2 ESP 32 to collect data:
ESP 32 is used to provide Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connection for embedded devices. It
consists of a single core Ten silica Xtensa LX6 microprocessor. It has over than 240 MHz
rate for high data processing speed. It is used commonly in mobile devices, wearable tech
and IoT applications. Internal memory of ESP 32 – ROM: 448 KB, SRAM: 520 KB.
Functions of ESP 32 are mainly Networking, Data processing, P2P connectivity etc.

Fig. 5 ESP 32 to collect data

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3.1.3 LCD:
LCD screens are arrangements of small segments called pixels. It is used to show
information. Such displays have many layers where two panels are made with glass material
free of sodium which play an important role. The panels consist of Flutes, and they are
placed parallel on each panel.

Fig. 6 LCD for showing observation

It will give level and how much Oxygen is Microalgae Producing. We will note down the
values which we will get from LCD 12C Module. After all the installation experimental
comparative studies will be done and after comparing the results, this study will get a
conclusion.
3.1.4 Model Detailing:
The model structure is made up of Fiber Material. The size of the tank is 1ft in width and
2ft in length 1.5ft in height. Tank’s edge is joined with the help of silicon tape.

Fig. 7 Model

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Fig. 8 Oxygen sensor Arduino

3.1.5 Microalgae:
The microalgae used in the project is Spirulina. Spirulina is dried biomass of cyanobacteria
that can be consumed by humans and animals. Spirulina is a multicellular blue-green
microalgae with bacteria. Microscopic characteristics of spirulina are a mass of unicellular
filaments or trichomes, each of variable length are 100-200 microns and diameter are close
to 8-10 microns. Spirulina cultivation helps in water contamination and overconsumption,
soil erosion and deforestation. After Water is generated, group is going to observe for it
total 1 week and we will note observation for cultivation process. Microalgae is rapid
growth plant. It grows very fast, and the total life of plant is four weeks, and it needs
nutrition for fast growth, microalgae have rapid growth and its CO2 absorption, and it
produces Oxygen, so group are going to use it for oxygen production. In that water, the
group is going to cultivate microalgae and cultivate it for 4 weeks and maintain it
throughout time. As Microalgae absorb Co2 and releases O2, the Oxygen will dissolve in
water, we will extract oxygen.

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Fig. 9 Cultivated Microalgae

3.1.6 pH sensor:
The pH sensor is the tool that is used for water measurements. This type of sensor
can measure alkalinity and acidity in water. It ranges from 0 to 14.

Fig.10 pH sensor
3.1.7 Temperature sensor:
A temperature sensor is a combined circuit sensor that measures the temperature
and provides output voltage that is linearly proportional to temperature. It is used in
applications like fridges, ovens, water temperature etc.

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Fig.11 Temperature sensor

3.1.8 Humidity sensor
Humidity sensor records the relative humidity of the environment in which it is
placed. They measure both moisture and temperature in the atmosphere. It shows humidity
as a percentage of the ratio of moisture and temperature to the amount of air held at
temperature.

Fig. 12 Humidity sensor

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3.1.9 Oxygen sensor

The AO-03 is an oxygen sensor used to measures oxygen concentration.
Application of this sensor is in various industries like mining, steel production and air
purification. This sensor has typically less than 15 seconds.

Fig.13.Oxygen Sensor
3.2 Experimental study:
Our group is going to run the two experimental processes in our study. The first part
is extraction of water and later part is cultivation of microalgae and oxygen measurement.
3.2.1 Water extraction process:

Fig. 14. Water extraction part

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Water extraction process is the first part of our project. In water extraction process,
Condensation method and Dehumidification method was used from these two methods our
group is going to extract water from atmospheric air. In the Condensation method and
dehumidification method it will take air through fan and transfer it to Peltier module. Here
the humid air or atmospheric air will be collected and will be separated, where moisture
from will get separated and remaining moisture will be cool down below the room temp
and water dew drop will start form on an aluminum plate, and this water drops will be
dropped in glass beaker. A Peltier module also called thermoelectric cooler (TEC) works
as when electric current applies it transfers the heat between two different conductive
materials. When electricity flow passes from the module, one size absorbs heat and the
other side release heat and becomes hot. So, this temperature difference can be used for
cooling applications. The materials used in Peltier module are temperature gradient and the
electrical input make it suitable for temperature control. Here in this tank air pollution
sensor will be placed to measure the atmospheric percentage or level. This condensation
method will run on Peltier module which consumes power. Its power consumption is 12
Volt. The Peltier module will take power from battery which is rechargeable by both solar
panel and any power supply.
3.2.2 Cultivation of Microalgae and Oxygen detection
The cultivation process of microalgae is started with the experiment of growing algae from
flowers stem. For cultivating algae in this process, our group members deeper flower stem
in bottle of water, microalgae started to grow after 3 days of flower put in bottle. Every

Fig. 15. Oxygen detection from microalgae

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time algae needs nutrition to survive it only survive till flower gives him nutrition. We
observe algae for more than a week after a week algae died in water because of insufficient
nutrition. After this unsuccessful experiment we decided to take microalgae from the
market. We contacted the farming company which provides spirulina microalgae. So, we
bought 200 milliliter microalgae and 50 milliliter of nutrition for its growth. From them
this microalgae needs 20gram nutrition per week. The components of nutrition are sodium
bicarbonate, potassium, prone, magnesium etc. So, we put this 200 milliliter of microalgae
in 1 liter of water, so we started cultivation of microalgae. As Microalgae is rapid growth
plant it grows in 2 liters of water in first 10 days.
3.3 Experimental Process:
For our project model firstly, we gave order of fiber material tank of size 1ft in
width and 2ft in length 1.5ft in height with having partition for two compartments at fish
aquarium shop for model’s structure. In the first compartment we place water extraction
part and second oxygen measurement.
3.3.1 Water extraction process:
For the water extraction process we purchased a Peltier module kit, and we fitted it
on one side of water extraction compartment. Peltier module works as when air passes
through it and gets cooled and extract water.
3.3.2 Cultivation of microalgae and oxygen detection process:
For growing microalgae, we are deeper some flower’s stem in bottle having some
amount of water. Microalgae grows after 3 days after that we noticed that microalgae need
nutrition without nutrition it cannot survive. Then we ordered nutrition and spirulina
microalgae from farming company. Then in one jar we put 1 liter of water and add 200
milliliter microalgae and 50 milliliter of nutrition in it. After one week we added extra one
liter of water and the same quantity of nutrition in it for microalgae cultivation. Then we
put this jar on another compartment of tank and provide pH sensor, humidity sensor and
temperature sensor, oxygen sensor for readings shows on display. After that we put all that
reading in the Thingspeak app for running the code successfully.
3.4 By using the following code, we have the results:
The software we use is ThingSpeak’. ThingSpeak is an IoT analytics service that
allows you to aggregate, visualize, and analyze live data streams in the cloud. ThingSpeak

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provides instant visualizations of data posted by your devices to ThingSpeak. With the
ability to execute
MATLAB code in ThingSpeak (WR6).

Fig. 16 ThingSpeak (WR6)

It is IOT based software which shows coding as graphs
Code for our results:
#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <OneWire.h>
#include <DallasTemperature.h>
#include <DHT.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiClient.h>
#include <ThingSpeak.h>

// WiFi credentials
const char *ssid = "BSNL3G";
const char *password = "";

// ThingSpeak credentials
unsigned long channelID = 2935763; // Replace with your actual Channel ID
const char *writeAPIKey = "QLSVZ9NAAR35UBMQ";

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// LCD Setup
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2); // I2C address 0x27, 16 columns, 2 rows

// Sensor Pins
#define ONE_WIRE_BUS 23
#define DHTPIN 4
#define DHTTYPE DHT11
#define PH_PIN 34
#define MQ135_PIN 35

// Sensor objects
OneWire oneWire(ONE_WIRE_BUS);
DallasTemperature sensors(&oneWire);
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);
WiFiClient client;

// MQ135 Calibration
float R0 = 0;
float voltage, pHValue;
float calibrationValue = -0.34;

// Oxygen simulation bounds

float minOxygenLevel = 19.5;
float maxOxygenLevel = 21.0;
float atmosphericOxygen = 20.45;

unsigned long lastOxygenUpdate = 0;

#define OXYGEN_UPDATE_INTERVAL 10000

void setup() {

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Serial.begin(115200);

// Initialize I2C and LCD

Wire.begin(21, 22); // ESP32 I2C pins
lcd.init();
lcd.backlight();
lcd.print("Starting...");

// Start sensors
sensors.begin();
dht.begin();

// Connect to WiFi
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(1000);
Serial.println("Connecting to WiFi...");
}
Serial.println("Connected to WiFi!");

ThingSpeak.begin(client);

R0 = calibrateMQ135();
}

void loop() {
// Update sensors every interval (optional)
if (millis() - lastOxygenUpdate > OXYGEN_UPDATE_INTERVAL) {
lastOxygenUpdate = millis();
}

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sensors.requestTemperatures();
float temperature = sensors.getTempCByIndex(0);
float dissolvedOxygen = calculateDissolvedOxygen(temperature);
float humidity = dht.readHumidity();

// Read pH sensor
voltage = analogRead(PH_PIN) * (3.3 / 4095.0);
pHValue = mapVoltageToPH(voltage);

// Read MQ135 sensor and calculate air quality

int mq135Value = analogRead(MQ135_PIN);
float RS_R0_Ratio = (float)mq135Value / R0;
float airQuality = map(RS_R0_Ratio, 0, 3.5, 0, 100);

if (isnan(humidity)) humidity = 78;

// Simulate atmospheric oxygen drop due to air pollution

atmosphericOxygen = 20.95 - (airQuality / 500.0); // Max drop ~0.2%
atmosphericOxygen = constrain(atmosphericOxygen, minOxygenLevel,
maxOxygenLevel);

// Display sequence
displayOnLCD("Temp: " + String(temperature, 1) + " C", "DO: " +
String(dissolvedOxygen, 2) + " mg/L");
delay(5000);
displayOnLCD("Humidity: " + String(humidity, 1) + " %", "pH: " +
String(pHValue, 2));
delay(5000);
displayOnLCD("Air Quality: " + String(airQuality, 1) + " %", "");
delay(5000);
displayOnLCD("Atm Oxygen: " + String(atmosphericOxygen, 2) + " %", "");

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delay(5000);

lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Pollution: ");
if (airQuality < 25) lcd.print("Low");
else if (airQuality < 50) lcd.print("Low");
else if (airQuality < 75) lcd.print("MODERATE");
else lcd.print("Very High");
delay(2000);

// Send data to ThingSpeak

ThingSpeak.setField(1, temperature);
ThingSpeak.setField(2, dissolvedOxygen);
ThingSpeak.setField(3, humidity);
ThingSpeak.setField(4, pHValue);
ThingSpeak.setField(5, airQuality);
ThingSpeak.setField(6, atmosphericOxygen);

int result = ThingSpeak.writeFields(channelID, writeAPIKey);

if (result == 200) Serial.println("Data updated to ThingSpeak.");
else Serial.println("Error sending to ThingSpeak: " + String(result));

delay(10000); // 10 seconds
}

void displayOnLCD(String line1, String line2) {

lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print(line1);
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

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lcd.print(line2);
}

float calculateDissolvedOxygen(float t) {
return 14.6 - 0.410 * t + 0.00368 * t * t;
}

float mapVoltageToPH(float voltage) {

return 4.5 * voltage + calibrationValue;
}

float calibrateMQ135() {
int mq135Value;
float sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
mq135Value = analogRead(MQ135_PIN);
sum += mq135Value;
delay(200);
}
float average = sum / 50.0;
Serial.print("MQ135 Calibration R0 = ");
Serial.println(average);
return average;
}

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 Design of Water and Oxygen Extraction from Atmospheric Air and Microalgae

CHAPTER 4
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The integrated model was designed to perform three main functions are use
condensation and dehumidification to draw out water from ambient air, utilizing the water
that was extracted, cultivate Spirulina microalgae and use Internet of Things-based sensors
to measure environmental factors and the generation of oxygen. The data collected over a
period included Air Quality, Humidity (%), Temperature (°C), pH of microalgae water
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) in mg/L and O2 (%).
4.1 Water Extraction Discussion
The water extraction was achieved via a Peltier-based dehumidification system. At
humidity above 60%, the system produced measurable dew condensation. Average water
collected per 1 hour is 5–7 mL from Peltier system, depending on atmospheric conditions.
Power consumption is 12V, supported by battery backup for sustainability as shown in table
no. 4.1. This system effectively demonstrates a low-energy, renewable method for water
harvesting suitable for urban and semi-urban environments.
Table No. 4.1 Water extraction from Peltier system with time interval

Sr. No. Time Interval (Hr) Humidity (%) Water Extracted (mL)

1 08:00 – 09:00 65 5.5

2 12:00 – 13:00 73 6.5
3 16:00 – 17:00 69 6
4 20:00 – 21:00 61 5

Water extraction from Peltier system

73 69
80 65 61
60
40
20 5.5 6.5 6 5
0
08:00 – 12:00 – 16:00 – 20:00 –
09:00 13:00 17:00 21:00
Humidity (%) 65 73 69 61
Water Extracted (mL) 5.5 6.5 6 5

Humidity (%) Water Extracted (mL)

Graph No. 1 Water extraction from Peltier system with time interval

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 Design of Water and Oxygen Extraction from Atmospheric Air and Microalgae

4.2 Oxygen generation from micro algae

The use of Spirulina microalgae significantly increased oxygen production and biomass.
Over the course of three months, the culture process successfully increased from one liter
of microalgae solution to five liters, exhibiting rapid growth and optimal environmental
conditions. Dietary supplements (such as potassium, magnesium, and sodium bicarbonate)
are widely utilized. The optimum temperature range is between 24 and 30 degrees Celsius.
Maintain pH values between 6.5 and 8.1 for best results. Regular water testing and proper
exposure to sunlight are also provided. In addition, the density of the algae increased the
oxygen output after ten days, the dissolved oxygen level (DO) rose from 5.6 mg/L to 6.4
mg/L. After three months of full growth, DO levels stabilized at 6.5 to 6.8 mg/L.
Table No. 4.2 IOT data of Oxygen generation
Sr.
Temp (C) DO (mg/l) Humidity (%) pH Air Quality (%) O2 %
No.
1 27.3125 6.14705 78 7.54374 0 20.95
2 27.0625 6.19953 78 7.58363 0 20.95
3 27.0625 6.19953 78 7.56912 33 20.884
4 27.25 6.16013 78 7.59088 0 20.95
5 27.25 6.16013 78 7.55099 33 20.884
6 27.3125 6.14705 78 7.60538 0 20.95
7 27.3125 6.14705 78 7.59088 33 20.884
8 27.3125 6.14705 78 7.60176 33 20.884
9 27.375 6.13401 78 7.60538 33 20.884
10 27.3125 6.14705 78 7.45308 33 20.884
11 27.3125 6.14705 78 7.46396 33 20.884
12 27.3125 6.14705 78 7.48571 33 20.884
13 27.3125 6.14705 78 7.4422 0 20.95
14 27 6.21272 78 7.47121 33 20.884
15 26.9375 6.22594 78 7.54011 33 20.884
16 26.5625 6.30586 78 7.55462 33 20.884
17 26.375 6.34621 78 7.53286 33 20.884
18 26.375 6.34621 78 7.51835 0 20.95
19 26.5 6.31928 78 7.55824 33 20.884

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 Design of Water and Oxygen Extraction from Atmospheric Air and Microalgae

20 26.5625 6.30586 78 7.53286 33 20.884

21 26.6875 6.2791 78 7.55099 0 20.95
22 26.6875 6.2791 78 7.54374 33 20.884
23 26.75 6.26577 78 7.54011 33 20.884
24 26.875 6.23919 78 7.55462 0 20.95
25 26.9375 6.22594 78 7.55099 33 20.884
26 26.9375 6.22594 78 7.54736 33 20.884
27 27.0625 6.19953 78 7.55099 33 20.884
28 27.1875 6.17323 78 7.57275 33 20.884
29 27.1875 6.17323 78 7.55099 33 20.884
The above table indicates that average results from the recorded data of stable
environmental conditions during the experiment work. The average temperature was
approximately 25°C to 30°C, while the dissolved oxygen (DO) level stood from 5.5 to
6.5mg/L, reflecting good water quality. The humidity remained consistent at 78%, and the
average pH was 7 to 7.5, indicating a slightly basic environment. The average air quality
index was around 33, and the oxygen percentage (O₂%) in the air was approximately
20.90%. Following all graphs was generated from ThingSpeak channels
(https://www.thingspeak.mathworks.com).
4.2.1 Temperature graph:
The graph shows that during the water and oxygen extraction process, the
temperature initially decreases from about 28.2°C to 27.0°C around 15:20, then gradually
rises back to approximately 28.0°C by 16:00.

Graph No. 2 Temperature v/s Time

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 Design of Water and Oxygen Extraction from Atmospheric Air and Microalgae

4.2.2 Dissolved oxygen graph:

The graph shows that the dissolved oxygen (DO) level rises from 6.00 to a peak
of about 6.22 around 15:20, then gradually declines back to around 6.00 by 16:00 during
the water and oxygen extraction process.

Graph No. 3 DO v/s Time

4.2.3 Humidity graph:
The graph shows that humidity during the water and oxygen extraction process
sharply rises to 78% just after 15:00 and remains constant at that level until 16:00.

Graph No. 4 Humidity v/s Time

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 Design of Water and Oxygen Extraction from Atmospheric Air and Microalgae

4.2.4 pH graph:
The graph shows that the pH level around 7 to 8.5 between 15:00 and 15:30
during the water and oxygen extraction process.

Graph No. 5 pH v/s Time

4.2.5 Air quality graph:
The graph shows that the oxygen (O₂) level spikes to a peak around 15:00, drops
sharply after 15:15, remains low until just after 16:00, and then rises again at the end of the
measurement period.

Graph No. 6 Air Quality v/s Time

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 Design of Water and Oxygen Extraction from Atmospheric Air and Microalgae

4.2.6 Oxygen concentration graph:

The graph shows that air quality drops to zero shortly after 15:00, rises back to 30.0 after
15:15, remains stable until just after 16:00, and then drops to zero again.

Graph No. 7 oxygen concentration v/s Time

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 Design of Water and Oxygen Extraction from Atmospheric Air and Microalgae

CONCLUSION
The conclusions of the study are that the integrated model is a low-energy,
renewable method for water harvesting and Spirulina microalgae cultivation, and that it can
be used in urban and semi-urban environments.
1. The water extraction Peltier system efficiently operated at humidity levels above 60% and
yielding average of 5–7 mL of water per hour, while maintaining low energy consumption
for small prototype.

2. Spirulina cultivation contributed to increased oxygen levels, with dissolved oxygen rising
from 5.6 mg/L to approximately 6.8 mg/l over a three-month period, under optimal
temperature considered is 24–30°C and pH value is 6.5–8.1 conditions. The IOT data
confirmed stable environmental factors such as 78% humidity, pH around 7.5, and oxygen
concentration near 20.90%, validating the system's sustainability and effectiveness in water
and oxygen generation for urban or semi-urban applications.

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 Design of Water and Oxygen Extraction from Atmospheric Air and Microalgae

REFERENCES
1. N. J. Kim and C. G. Lee, “A theoretical consideration on oxygen production rate in
microalgal cultures,” Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng., vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 352–358, 2001,
doi: 10.1007/BF02933005.
2. A. S. George, “Liquifying Urban Lungs : Assessing the Air Purification Potential
of Photobioreactor " Liquid Trees " in Highly Polluted Cities Partners Universal
Innovative Research Publication ( PUIRP ) Liquifying Urban Lungs : Assessing the
Air Purification Potential,” Puirp, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 1–14, 2023, doi:
10.5281/zenodo.10111964.
3. D. K. Niranjan and N. Rakesh, “Design of a Water and Oxygen Generator from
Atmospheric Pollutant Air Using Internet of Things,” Lect. Notes Data Eng.
Commun. Technol., vol. 57, pp. 361–375, 2021, doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-9509-
7_31.
4. V. P. Joshi, V. S. Joshi, H. A. Kothari, M. D. Mahajan, M. B. Chaudhari, and K. D.
Sant, “Experimental Investigations on a Portable Fresh Water Generator Using a
Thermoelectric Cooler,” Energy Procedia, vol. 109, no. November 2016, pp. 161–
166, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.085.
5. D. Bergmair, S. J. Metz, H. C. De Lange, and A. A. van Steenhoven, “System
analysis of membrane facilitated water generation from air humidity,” Desalination,
vol. 339, no. 1, pp. 26–33, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2014.02.007.
6. L. Cattani, A. Magrini, and P. Cattani, “Water extraction from air: A proposal for a
new indicator to compare air water generators efficiency,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 1,
pp. 1–21, 2021, doi: 10.3390/en14010224.
7. A. Kazbar et al., “Effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on microalgal culture
in photobioreactors,” Algal Res., vol. 39, no. June 2018, p. 101432, 2019, doi:
10.1016/j.algal.2019.101432.
8. J. R. Benemann, D. M. Tillett, and J. C. Weissman, “Microalgae biotechnology,”
Trends Biotechnol., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 47–53, 1987, doi: 10.1016/0167-
7799(87)90037-0.
9. J. R. Benemann et al., “Liquifying Urban Lungs : Assessing the Air Purification
Potential of Photobioreactor " Liquid Trees " in Highly Polluted Cities Partners
Universal Innovative Research Publication ( PUIRP ) Liquifying Urban Lungs :
Assessing the Air Purification Potential,” Lect. Notes Data Eng. Commun. Technol.,
vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 352–358, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101432.
10. Himanshu Patel, R.T. Vashi,Chapter 2 - Characterization of Textile
Wastewater,Editor(s): Himanshu Patel, R.T. Vashi,Characterization and Treatment
of Textile Wastewater.
11. Application of renewable energy sources for water extraction from atmospheric air Sergei
S. Dorzhieva , Elena G. Bazarovaa,∗ , Sergei V. Pimenova , Sodnom S. Dorzhievb a Federal
Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM (FSAC VIM), 1-st Institutskiy Proezd, 5, Moscow,
109428, Russia b Central Scientific Research Radiotechnical Institute Name of the
Academician A.I. Berg, Novaya Basmannaya.
12. Absorption/regeneration non-conventional system for water extraction from atmospheric
air Ahmed Sultan Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering,
Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt Received 11 June 2002; received in revised form
18 December 2002.
13. The solubility of nitrogen, oxygen and argon in water and seawater R. F. WEISS1-
SITS, B.E (Civil) 2019 Course, 2024-25 Page 29
 Design of Water and Oxygen Extraction from Atmospheric Air and Microalgae

(Received 12 January 1970)

14. Low-cost Arduino-based temperature, relative humidity and CO2 sensors - An assessment
of their suitability for indoor built environments Pedro F. Pereira *, Nuno M.M. Ramos
CONSTRUCT – LFC, Faculty of Engineering (FEUP), University of Porto, Portugal

15. Webology
WR1:https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2F2.zoppoz.workers.dev%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fcivildigital.com%2Fwp-
content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F03%2FBase-Isolation-for-a-
Building.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2F2.zoppoz.workers.dev%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fcivildigital.com%2Fbase-isolation-system-outline-
on-principles-types-advantages-
applications%2F&tbnid=LY0UnCduPMAjvM&vet=1&docid=bpHV1ZnhqVWK8M&w=1893&
h=1200&itg=1&hl=en-US&source=sh%2Fx%2Fim
WR2:- https://images.app.goo.gl/SwsCJ8VfcHa7DZjD7
WR3:- https://images.app.goo.gl/5pZvt9X8vddKH1Wc9
WR4:- https://images.app.goo.gl/Z6ZNhmsKRqPqVh7VA
WR5:- https://images.app.goo.gl/EvsNd68FJgXgcHmaA8vddKH1Wc9
WR6:- https://www.mathworks.com/products/thingspeak.html

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Design of Water and Oxygen Extraction from Atmospheric Air and Microalgae

ANNEXURE A

SITS, B.E (Civil) 2019 Course, 2024-25

 Ashish Kondekar et. al., International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology
(ISSN: 2454-132X)

ISSN: 2454-132X
Impact Factor: 6.078
(Volume 11, Issue 3 - V11I3-1312)
Available online at: https://www.ijariit.com
Design of Water and Oxygen Extraction from Atmospheric Air
and Microalgae
Ashish Kondekar Sujit V. Andhare Srushti D. Jadhav
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
Sinhgad Institute of Technology and Sinhgad Institute of Technology and Sinhgad Institute of Technology
Science, Narhe, Pune Science, Narhe, Pune and Science, Narhe, Pune
Tanay N. Jane Vishwajit T. Shinde Sakshi V. Bhavar
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
Sinhgad Institute of Technology and Sinhgad Institute of Technology and Sinhgad Institute of Technology
Science Narhe , Pune Science, Narhe, Pune and Science, Narhe, Pune

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to develop a low-energy for water generation and Spirulina microalgae cultivation. The integrated
model was designed to perform three main functions: use condensation and dehumidification to draw out water from ambient
air, utilizing the water that was extracted, and cultivate Spiriola spp. The system integrates sensors and IOT system to monitor
air quality, manage purification processes, and optimize water and oxygen production. The research methodology study involves
installing an end-open tube collector, sensors, and operating the system to collect and collect the data from air-to-water
conversion efficiency under varying conditions. The study involves designing a solar-powered system with a desiccant wheel,
developing theoretical models to predict performance, and validating these models through experimental testing and data
analysis. The IOT data confirmed stable environmental factors such as 78% humidity, pH around 7.5, and oxygen concentration
near 20.90%, validating the system's sustainability and effectiveness. The results of the study are that the integrated model is a
high-efficiency, low-power, and renewable method suitable for urban and semi-urban environments.

Keywords: - Water Extraction, Oxygen Generation, Atmospheric Air, Cultivation of Ardunio Microalgae, Liquid Tree.

1.INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background

In the face of rising environmental challenges, innovative solutions are crucial for addressing both air pollution and resource scarcity.
Our project represents a pioneering approach to environmental sustainability by integrating air purification, water generation and
Oxygen generation. By taking inspiration from “Liquid Tree” which is created In Serbia to counter air pollution and From Hyderabad
where they experimented Air to Water conversion, by combing this two Project in one and doing it in Low budget is the final aim
for this project.

1.2 Solid Waste Management in Rural India

This project begins with the collection of air from urban or industrial sources. Using advanced filtration and chemical processes, we
aim to extract and convert harmful pollutants into clean, usable water. This water then serves as a vital resource for cultivating
microalgae, a versatile and highly efficient organism known for its rapid growth and ability to thrive in various conditions.

Researchers and experts have paid considerable attention to the nutritional profile of microalgae, that is made up of a variety of
unicellular photosynthetic organisms. Its amazing composition includes important nutrients such as proteins, vitamins, and minerals.
Its abundant nutritional content highlights the potential of microalgae as a sustainable food source and emphasizes the significance
of this food source in tackling global issues related to malnutrition and food security.

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 Ashish Kondekar et. al., International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology
(ISSN: 2454-132X)
1.3 Need for Civil Engineering

Author Name, International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology (ISSN: 2454-132X)

The design of water and oxygen extraction from atmospheric air and microalgae is necessary in civil engineering, specially in case
of urban development environmental management. Nowadays ,due to population grows rapidly and climate change, There is
shortage of water also because of pollution in urban cities oxygen level is reduced. So this system helps for energy producing and
reducing carbon footprints.

This system also improves the wastewater quality and air quality. By cultivating microalgae in urban designs such as rooftop
garden it improves air quality and increases aesthetic interest. This technology makes a huge goal in environmental management
and makes them a great future of civil engineering.

1.4 Aim of Project

To design system for extracting water from atmospheric air and oxygen from microalgae and increase environmental efficiency.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Literature:

All the research paper gave a brief idea about the building concept and analysis method which can be implemented in our project
and gives better results.

2.2.1 Literature Review:

George, (2023), “Liquifying Urban Lungs: Assessing the Air Purification Potential of Photobioreactor Liquid Trees in Highly
Polluted Cities.’’ The research methodology proposed involves the study focuses on lab and field tests to assess CO2 absorption
and oxygen release. Field implementation was also observed in urban settings, specifically Belgrade. Limitations include sunlight
requirements, species selection, and costs.

Niranjan and Rakesh N, (2021), " Design of a Water and Oxygen Generator from Atmospheric Pollutant Air Using . The
methodology involves designing a system that utilizes atmospheric pollutant air to generate water and oxygen. The system integrates
sensors and IoT technology to monitor air quality, manage purification processes, and optimize water and oxygen production.

Agrawal, et al, (2023), " Experimental investigation of atmospheric air to water generation based on both ends open evacuated tube
collector solar air heater". The research methodology study involves installing an end-open tube collector, calibrating sensors, and
operating the system to collect and analyze data on air-to-water conversion efficiency under varying conditions. Data is then
analyzed to evaluate performance and efficiency.

Kushwaha, et al (2024)," Solar-powered water generation from atmospheric air using desiccant wheel: Theoretical and
experimental investigation". The research methodology study involves designing a solar-powered system with a desiccant wheel,
developing theoretical models to predict performance, and validating these models through experimental testing and data analysis.

Bergmair, et al (2014), " System analysis of membrane facilitated water generation from air humidity". The research methodology
study involves a system analysis of a proposed unit that uses water vapor s to extract water from humid air. The method focuses on
using membranes to separate water vapor from other atmospheric gases, reducing energy requirements significantly.

Joshi, et al (2017), " Investigations on a Portable Fresh Water Generator Using a Thermoelectric Cooler.’ The study experimentally
investigates a thermoelectric fresh-water generator (TFWG) that condenses moisture from ambient air using thermoelectric cooling.
A prototype was fabricated with ten thermoelectric modules, and the impact of an internal heat sink, electric current, air flow rate,
and humidity on water generation was analysed.

Benemann, et al (1987), " Microalgae Biotechnology.” The study compares microalgae mass cultures with agriculture and industrial
fermentations, highlighting advantages in using microalgae in specific conditions

Kazbar, et al, (2019), " Effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on microalgal culture in photobioreactors’’ This study studies the
impact of high dissolved oxygen concentrations (CO₂) on biomass productivity, The specific rate of cofactor regeneration
(JNADH2) was recalculated to enhance a kinetic growth model, which was then used to find the performance differences between
photobioreactor geometries.

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 Ashish Kondekar et. al., International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology
(ISSN: 2454-132X)
Nag-Jong Kim, et al, (2001), " A theoretical consideration on oxygen production rate in microalgal cultures’ The study models
oxygen production rates in high-density microalgal cultures using light penetration and photosynthesis data. The model’s estimates
matched experimental results and were used to determine optimal photobioreactor operating parameters.

Cattani., et al (2021), " Water Extraction from Air: A Proposal to Compare Air Water Generators Efficiency.’’ The study proposes
a new indicator called WET (Water Energy Transformation) to standardize the evaluation of air-to-water generators' efficiency.
This indicator is designed to compare different AWG machines by calculating energy performance.

3.METHODOLOGY

3.1 General:
In the first case the group decided on the topic of the project under the guidance of the professor.
As the topic is decided group started to research on the topic on various platform and collected information. After that we searched
for research papers by different authors regarding the project and studied them, after enough of data is collected, we are going to
start work on working model.
As the project is multidisciplinary, we asked for help from other department, and they’re going to give help us regarding electronics
components.
In model first we are going to capture air through using Dehumidification, it will work as air conditioner which will cool down
air and convert it in water. And for temperature we are going to use Temperature and Humidity sensor it will observe air humidity
and water temperature.

3.1.1 Air Pollution Sensor

By Applying other Air pollution Sensor will collect air quality data. Air Pollution Sensor is used to detect the pollutant in the air.
Also helps to detect carbon dioxide, Temperature, Humidity, Carbon monoxide, Ozone etc. present in air. It is important for air
purifier and fresh air system. The Laser Scattering principle is used to detect pollutant in air also NDIR non-dispersive infrared
principle for carbon dioxide and Electrochemical principle for ozone

3.1.2 ESP 32 to collect data:

ESP 32 is used to provide Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connection for embedded devices. It consists of a single core Ten silica Xtensa LX6
microprocessor. It has over than 240 MHz rate for high data processing speed. It is used commonly in mobile devices, wearable
tech and IoT applications. Internal memory of ESP 32 – ROM: 448 KB, SRAM: 520 KB. Functions of ESP 32 are mainly
Networking, Data processing, P2P connectivity etc.

3.1.3 LCD:
LCD screens are arrangements of small segments called pixels. It is used to show information. Such displays have many layers
where two panels are made with glass material free of sodium which play an important role. The panels consist of Flutes, and they
are placed parallel on each panel. It will give level and how much Oxygen is Microalgae Producing. We will note down the values
which we will get from LCD 12C Module. After all the installation experimental comparative studies will be done and after
comparing the results, this study will get a conclusion.
3.1.4 Model Detailing:
The model structure is made up of Fiber Material. The size of the tank is 1ft in width and 2ft in length 1.5ft in height. Tank’s edge
is joined with the help of silicon tape.

3.1.5 Microalgae:
The microalgae used in the project is Spirulina. Spirulina is dried biomass of cyanobacteria that can be consumed by humans and
animals. Spirulina is a multicellular blue-green microalgae with bacteria. Microscopic characteristics of spirulina are a mass of
unicellular filaments or trichomes, each of variable length are 100-200 microns and diameter are close to 8-10 microns. Spirulina
cultivation helps in water contamination and overconsumption, soil erosion and deforestation. After Water is generated, group is
going to observe for it total 1 week and we will note observation for cultivation process. Microalgae is rapid growth plant. It grows
very fast, and the total life of plant is four weeks, and it needs nutrition for fast growth, microalgae have rapid growth and its CO2
absorption, and it produces Oxygen, so group are going to use it for oxygen production. In that water, the group is going to cultivate
microalgae and cultivate it for 4 weeks and maintain it throughout time. As Microalgae absorb Co2 and releases O2, the Oxygen
will dissolve in water, we will extract oxygen.

3.1.6 pH sensor:
The pH sensor is the tool that is used for water measurements. This type of sensor can measure alkalinity and acidity in water. It
ranges from 0 to 14.

3.1.7 Temperature sensor:

A temperature sensor is a combined circuit sensor that measures the temperature and provides output voltage that is linearly
proportional to temperature. It is used in applications like fridges, ovens, water temperature etc.

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 Ashish Kondekar et. al., International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology
(ISSN: 2454-132X)
3.1.8 Humidity sensor
Humidity sensor records the relative humidity of the environment in which it is placed. They measure both moisture and temperature
in the atmosphere. It shows humidity as a percentage of the ratio of moisture and temperature to the amount of air held at temperature.

3.1.9 Oxygen sensor

The AO-03 is an oxygen sensor used to measure oxygen concentration. Application of this sensor is in various industries like mining,
steel production and air purification. This sensor has typically less than 15 seconds.

3.2 Experimental study:

Our group is going to run the two experimental processes in our study. The first part is extraction of water and later part is cultivation
of microalgae and oxygen measurement.

3.2.1 Water extraction process:

The project uses condensation and dehumidification to extract water from air. A fan directs air to a Peltier module, which cools it
to form water droplets collected in a beaker. The module runs on 12V from a rechargeable battery powered by solar or electricity.
An air pollution sensor monitors atmospheric quality.

+
Fig.1. Extracted Water from Peltier Module
3.2.2 Cultivation of Microalgae and Oxygen Detection
The cultivation of microalgae began by placing flower stems in water, which led to algae growth after three days but died due to
lack of nutrients. The group then purchased 200 ml of spirulina microalgae and 50 ml of nutrients from a farming company. The
algae require 20g of nutrients weekly, containing sodium bicarbonate, potassium, and magnesium. They added the microalgae to 1
liter of water, and it doubled in volume within 10 days.

Fig.2. Cultivation of Microalgae for Oxygen Detection

3.4 Experimental Process:
For our project model firstly, we gave order of fiber material tank of size 1ft in width and 2ft in length 1.5ft in height with having
partition for two compartments at fish aquarium shop for model’s structure. In the first compartment we place water extraction part
and second oxygen measurement.

3.4.1 Water extraction process:

For the water extraction process we purchased a Peltier module kit, and we fitted it on one side of water extraction compartment.
Peltier module works as when air passes through it and gets cooled and extract water.

3.4.2 Cultivation of microalgae and oxygen detection process:

For growing microalgae, we are deeper some flower’s stem in bottle having some amount of water. Microalgae grow after 3 days
we noticed that microalgae need nutrition without nutrition it cannot survive. Then we ordered nutrition and spirulina microalgae
from farming company. Then in one jar we put 1 liter of water and add 200 milliliter microalgae and 50 milliliter of nutrition in it.
After one week we added extra one liter of water and the same quantity of nutrition in it for microalgae cultivation. Then we put
this jar on another compartment of tank and provide pH sensor, humidity sensor and temperature sensor, oxygen sensor for readings
shows on display. After that we put all that reading in the Thingspeak app for running the code successfully.

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4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The integrated model was designed to perform three main functions are use condensation and dehumidification to draw out water
from ambient air, utilizing the water that was extracted, cultivate Spirulina microalgae and use Internet of Things-based sensors to
measure environmental factors and the generation of oxygen. The data collected over a period included are Air Quality, Humidity
(%), Temperature (°C), pH of microalgae water Dissolved Oxygen (DO) in mg/L and O2 (%).
4.1 Water Extraction Discussion
The water extraction was achieved via a Peltier-based dehumidification system. At humidity above 60%, the system produced
measurable dew condensation. Average water collected per 1 hour is 5–7 mL from Peltier system, depending on atmospheric
conditions. Power consumption is 12V, supported by battery backup for sustainability as shown in table no. 4.1. This system
effectively demonstrates a low-energy, renewable method for water harvesting suitable for urban and semi-urban environments.
Table No. 4.1 Water extraction from Peltier system with time interval

Sr. No. Time Interval (Hr) Humidity (%) Water Extracted (mL)

1 08:00 – 09:00 65 5.5

2 12:00 – 13:00 73 6.5
3 16:00 – 17:00 69 6
4 20:00 – 21:00 61 5

Water extraction from Peltier system

80 73 69
65 61
60
40
20 5.5 6.5 6 5
0
08:00 – 09:00 12:00 – 13:00 16:00 – 17:00 20:00 – 21:00
Humidity (%) 65 73 69 61
Water Extracted (mL) 5.5 6.5 6 5

Humidity (%) Water Extracted (mL)

Graph No. 1 Water extraction from Peltier system with time interval

4.2 Oxygen generation from micro algae

The use of Spirulina microalgae significantly increased oxygen production and biomass. Over the course of three months, the culture
process successfully increased from one liter of microalgae solution to five liters, exhibiting rapid growth and optimal environmental
conditions. Dietary supplements (such as potassium, magnesium, and sodium bicarbonate) are widely utilized. The optimum
temperature range is between 24 and 30 degrees Celsius. Maintain pH values between 6.5 and 8.1 for best results. Regular water
testing and proper exposure to sunlight are also provided. In addition, the density of the algae increased the oxygen output after ten
days, the dissolved oxygen level (DO) rose from 5.6 mg/L to 6.4 mg/L. After three months of full growth, DO levels stabilized at
6.5 to 6.8 mg/L.
Table No. 4.2 IOT data of Oxygen generation
Sr. No. Temp (C) DO (mg/l) Humidity (%) pH Air Quality (%) O2 %
1 27.3125 6.14705 78 7.54374 0 20.95
2 27.0625 6.19953 78 7.58363 0 20.95
3 27.0625 6.19953 78 7.56912 33 20.884
4 27.25 6.16013 78 7.59088 0 20.95
5 27.25 6.16013 78 7.55099 33 20.884
6 27.3125 6.14705 78 7.60538 0 20.95
7 27.3125 6.14705 78 7.59088 33 20.884
8 27.3125 6.14705 78 7.60176 33 20.884
9 27.375 6.13401 78 7.60538 33 20.884
10 27.3125 6.14705 78 7.45308 33 20.884
11 27.3125 6.14705 78 7.46396 33 20.884
12 27.3125 6.14705 78 7.48571 33 20.884
13 27.3125 6.14705 78 7.4422 0 20.95
14 27 6.21272 78 7.47121 33 20.884
15 26.9375 6.22594 78 7.54011 33 20.884
16 26.5625 6.30586 78 7.55462 33 20.884

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17 26.375 6.34621 78 7.53286 33 20.884
18 26.375 6.34621 78 7.51835 0 20.95
19 26.5 6.31928 78 7.55824 33 20.884
20 26.5625 6.30586 78 7.53286 33 20.884
21 26.6875 6.2791 78 7.55099 0 20.95
22 26.6875 6.2791 78 7.54374 33 20.884
23 26.75 6.26577 78 7.54011 33 20.884
24 26.875 6.23919 78 7.55462 0 20.95
25 26.9375 6.22594 78 7.55099 33 20.884
26 26.9375 6.22594 78 7.54736 33 20.884
27 27.0625 6.19953 78 7.55099 33 20.884
28 27.1875 6.17323 78 7.57275 33 20.884
29 27.1875 6.17323 78 7.55099 33 20.884

The above table indicates that average results from the recorded data of stable environmental conditions during the experiment
work. The average temperature was approximately 25°C to 30°C, while the dissolved oxygen (DO) level stood from 5.5 to 6.5mg/L,
reflecting good water quality. The humidity remained consistent at 78%, and the average pH was 7 to 7.5, indicating a slightly basic
environment. The average air quality index was around 33, and the oxygen percentage (O₂%) in the air was approximately 20.90%.
Following all graphs was generated from ThingSpeak channels.
4.2.1 Temperature graph:

The graph shows that during the water and oxygen extraction process, the temperature initially decreases from about
28.2°C to 27.0°C around 15:20, then gradually rises back to approximately 28.0°C by 16:00.

Graph No. 2 Temperature v/s Time

4.2.2 Dissolved oxygen graph:
The graph shows that the dissolved oxygen (DO) level rises from 6.00 to a peak of about 6.22 around 15:20, then gradually
declines back to around 6.00 by 16:00 during the water and oxygen extraction process.

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Graph No. 3 DO v/s Time

4.2.3 Humidity graph:

The graph shows that humidity during the water and oxygen extraction process sharply rises to 78% just after 15:00 and
remains constant at that level until 16:00.

Graph No. 4 Humidity v/s Time

4.2.4 pH graph:
The graph shows that the pH level around 7 to 8.5 between 15:00 and 15:30 during the water and oxygen
extraction process.

Graph No. 5 pH v/s Time

4.2.5 Air quality graph:
The graph shows that the oxygen (O₂) level spikes to a peak around 15:00, drops sharply after 15:15, remains low until just
after 16:00, and then rises again at the end of the measurement period.

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Graph No. 6 Air Quality v/s Time

4.2.6 Oxygen concentration graph:
The graph shows that air quality drops to zero shortly after 15:00, rises back to 30.0 after 15:15, remains stable until just after 16:00,
and then drops to zero again.

Graph No. 7 Oxygen v/s Time

CONCLUSIONS
The conclusions of the study are that the integrated model is a low-energy, renewable method for water harvesting and Spirulina
microalgae cultivation, and that it can be used in urban and semi-urban environments.
1. The water extraction Peltier system efficiently operated at humidity levels above 60% and yielding average of 5–7 mL of
water per hour, while maintaining low energy consumption for small prototype.
2. Spirulina cultivation contributed to increased oxygen levels, with dissolved oxygen rising from 5.6 mg/L to approximately
6.8 mg/l over a three-month period, under optimal temperature considered is 24–30°C and pH value is 6.5–8.1 conditions.
The IOT data confirmed stable environmental factors such as 78% humidity, pH around 7.5, and oxygen concentration near
20.90%, validating the system's sustainability and effectiveness in water and oxygen generation for urban or semi-
urban applications.

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 Ashish Kondekar et. al., International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We take this opportunity with great pleasure to express our deep sense of gratitude towards our guide Mr. A. R. Kondekar for his
best guidance, providing encourage and support to us during this project work. We would also like to thank the Sinhgad Technical
Educational Society for providing access to the institutional facilities for our project work.
REFERENCES
[1] N. J. Kim and C. G. Lee, “A theoretical consideration on oxygen production rate in microalgal cultures,” Biotechnol.
Bioprocess Eng., vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 352–358, 2001, doi: 10.1007/BF02933005.
[2] A. S. George, “Liquifying Urban Lungs : Assessing the Air Purification Potential of Photobioreactor " Liquid Trees " in
Highly Polluted Cities Partners Universal Innovative Research Publication ( PUIRP ) Liquifying Urban Lungs : Assessing
the Air Purification Potential,” Puirp, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 1–14, 2023, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.10111964.
[3] D. K. Niranjan and N. Rakesh, “Design of a Water and Oxygen Generator from Atmospheric Pollutant Air Using Internet
of Things,” Lect. Notes Data Eng. Commun. Technol., vol. 57, pp. 361–375, 2021, doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-9509-7_31.
[4] V. P. Joshi, V. S. Joshi, H. A. Kothari, M. D. Mahajan, M. B. Chaudhari, and K. D. Sant, “Experimental Investigations on
a Portable Fresh Water Generator Using a Thermoelectric Cooler,” Energy Procedia, vol. 109, no. November 2016, pp.
161–166, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.085.
[5] D. Bergmair, S. J. Metz, H. C. De Lange, and A. A. van Steenhoven, “System analysis of membrane facilitated water
generation from air humidity,” Desalination, vol. 339, no. 1, pp. 26–33, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2014.02.007.
[6] L. Cattani, A. Magrini, and P. Cattani, “Water extraction from air: A proposal for a new indicator to compare air water
generators efficiency,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1–21, 2021, doi: 10.3390/en14010224.
[7] A. Kazbar et al., “Effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on microalgal culture in photobioreactors,” Algal Res., vol. 39,
no. June 2018, p. 101432, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101432.
[8] J. R. Benemann, D. M. Tillett, and J. C. Weissman, “Microalgae biotechnology,” Trends Biotechnol., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 47–
53, 1987, doi: 10.1016/0167-7799(87)90037-0.
[9] J. R. Benemann et al., “Liquifying Urban Lungs : the Air Purification Potential of Photobioreactor " Liquid Trees " in
Highly Polluted Cities Partners Universal Innovative Research Publication ( PUIRP ) Liquifying Urban Lungs : Evaluate
the Air Purification Potential,” Lect. Notes Data Eng. Commun. Technol., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 352–358, 2021, doi:
10.1016/j.algal.2019.101432.
[10] Himanshu Patel, R.T. Vashi, Chapter 2 - Characterization of Textile Wastewater, Editor(s): Himanshu Patel, R.T. Vashi,
Characterization and Treatment of Textile Wastewater.
[11] Application of renewable energy sources for water extraction from atmospheric air Sergei S. Dorzhieva , Elena G.
Bazarovaa,∗ , Sergei V. Pimenova , Sodnom S. Dorzhievb a Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM (FSAC VIM),
1-st Institutskiy Proezd, 5, Moscow, 109428, Russia b Central Scientific Research Radio technical Institute Name of the
Academician A.I. Berg, Novaya Basmannaya.
[12] Absorption/regeneration non-conventional system for water extraction from atmospheric air Ahmed Sultan Mechanical
Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt Received 11 June 2002;
received in revised form 18 December 2002.
[13] The solubility of nitrogen, oxygen and argon in water and seawater R. F. WEISS1- (Received 12 January 1970)
[14] Low-cost Arduino-based temperature, relative humidity and CO2 sensors - An assessment of their suitability for indoor
built environments Pedro F. Pereira *, Nuno M.M. Ramos CONSTRUCT – LFC, Faculty of Engineering (FEUP),
University of Porto, Portugal.

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Design of Water and Oxygen Extraction from Atmospheric Air and Microalgae

SITS, B.E (Civil) 2019 Course, 2024-25

Design of Water and Oxygen Extraction from Atmospheric Air and Microalgae

SITS, B.E (Civil) 2019 Course, 2024-25

Design of Water and Oxygen Extraction from Atmospheric Air and Microalgae

SITS, B.E (Civil) 2019 Course, 2024-25

Design of Water and Oxygen Extraction from Atmospheric Air and Microalgae

ANNEXURE B

SITS, B.E (Civil) 2019 Course, 2024-25

Design of Water and Oxygen Extraction from Atmospheric Air and Microalgae

SITS, B.E (Civil) 2019 Course, 2024-25

Design of Water and Oxygen Extraction from Atmospheric Air and Microalgae

ANNEXURE C

SITS, B.E (Civil) 2019 Course, 2024-25

Design of Water and Oxygen Extraction from Atmospheric Air and Microalgae

SITS, B.E (Civil) 2019 Course, 2024-25

Design of Water and Oxygen Extraction from Atmospheric Air and Microalgae

ANNEXURE D
Bio Data

SITS, B.E (Civil) 2019 Course, 2024-25

Design of Water and Oxygen Extraction from Atmospheric Air and Microalgae

B400570005 Sujit V. Andhare

Permanent Address Shyam Nagar, Latur
Mobile No. 7350589555
Email Id [email protected]
Date of Birth 19/08/2001
GATE/GRE/CAT Scores

Placement

B400570013 Sakshi V. Bhavar

Permanent Address Modi Khana, Jalna
Mobile No. 7385885415
Email Id. [email protected]
Date of Birth 08/01/2005
GATE/GRE/CAT Scores
Placement

B400570043 Srushti D. Jadhav

Permanent Address Hingne Kh., Pune
Mobile No. 9022615632
Email Id. [email protected]
Date of Birth 16/02/2004
GATE/GRE/CAT Scores

Placement

SITS, B.E (Civil) 2019 Course, 2024-25

Design of Water and Oxygen Extraction from Atmospheric Air and Microalgae

B400570047 Tanay N. Jane

Permanent Address Morshi, Amravati
Mobile No. 9960252734
Email Id. [email protected]
Date of Birth 06/09/2003
GATE/GRE/CAT Scores

Placement

B400570073 Vishwajit T. Shinde

Permanent Address Kasegaon, Solapur
Mobile No. 9075527209
Email Id. [email protected]
Date of Birth
GATE/GRE/CAT
Scores
Placement

SITS, B.E (Civil) 2019 Course, 2024-25