Important Trigonometric Identities
Sum & Difference Identities
- sin(A +/- B) = sin A cos B +/- cos A sin B
- cos(A +/- B) = cos A cos B -/+ sin A sin B
- tan(A +/- B) = (tan A +/- tan B) / (1 -/+ tan A tan B)
Double Angle Identities
- sin(2A) = 2 sin A cos A
- cos(2A) = cos^2A - sin^2A = 2cos^2A - 1 = 1 - 2sin^2A
- tan(2A) = 2tan A / (1 - tan^2A)
Triple Angle Identities
- sin(3A) = 3 sin A - 4 sin^3A
- cos(3A) = 4 cos^3A - 3 cos A
- tan(3A) = (3tan A - tan^3A) / (1 - 3tan^2A)
Product to Sum
- 2 sin A sin B = cos(A - B) - cos(A + B)
- 2 cos A cos B = cos(A - B) + cos(A + B)
- 2 sin A cos B = sin(A + B) + sin(A - B)
Sum to Product
- sin A + sin B = 2 sin[(A + B)/2] cos[(A - B)/2]
- sin A - sin B = 2 cos[(A + B)/2] sin[(A - B)/2]
- cos A + cos B = 2 cos[(A + B)/2] cos[(A - B)/2]
- cos A - cos B = -2 sin[(A + B)/2] sin[(A - B)/2]
Half Angle Identities
- sin^2A = (1 - cos 2A)/2
- cos^2A = (1 + cos 2A)/2
- tan^2A = (1 - cos 2A)/(1 + cos 2A)
Conditional (A + B + C = 180 deg)
- sin A + sin B + sin C = 4 sin(A/2) sin(B/2) sin(C/2)
- cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + 4 sin(A/2) sin(B/2) sin(C/2)
- tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A * tan B * tan C
Triangle & Complementary Angle Relations
- If A + B = 90 deg, then: sin A = cos B, tan A = cot B, csc A = sec B
- Law of Sines: a/sin A = b/sin B = c/sin C