Law Enforcement organization and administration
PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZATION, MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION
Administration
Involves activities pertaining to the higher level focusing on developing
plans, processes and policies, establishing goals and objectives.
Gives proper direction, it is a directing function.
May be compared to the brain of the human body because its activities
relate to thinking process like fixation of target, decision making etc.
Management
Fulfill those objectives according to the policies determined by
administration..
Properly executes, it is a execution function.
Management may be regarded as the eyes of a human being; as it observes
whether the work is being performed according to the rules and policies
Organization
Is basically a group of people who collectively work to achieve common goals
and objectives.
Effective machinery for accomplishing company objectives in a team spirit.
May be compared to the hands of a human body because it helps directly in
Performance in work .
ELEMENTS OF ORGANIZATION
Specialization
Grouping of activities and segregation of line, staff, and auxiliary functions.
Hierarchy of Authority
The right to command and control the behavior of employees in lower
positions within an organizational hierarchy.
Span of Control
The maximum number of subordinates at a given position that superior can
supervise effectively.
Delegation of Authority
Conferring of an amount of authority by a superior position onto a lower-level
position.
Unity of Command
Means one supervisor or “boss
Formal Communication
Process of sharing understanding and information on common subjects. More
precisely, it is an intercourse between, through or more people by means of
words, letters symbols, or gestures for the purpose of exchanging
information
ORIGIN OF THE WORD “POLICE”
The term ‘POLICE’ was derived from the following:
“POLITEIA” from the Greek word which means “Government of the City”.
“POLITIA” (Romans) which means “Condition of the state or government”.
“POLIS” (Greek Word) which means: City or State”.
Fundamental Theories of Police Service
1. The Continental Theory policemen are servant of high
Authorities and the people have no little or no share at all in their duties, nor
any direct connection with them.
2. The Home Rule Theory – policemen are considered as servants of the
community who defend for the effectiveness of their function upon the
express wishes of the people.
What are the fundamental concept of police service?
Old Concepts –police service is looked upon the policy merely as repressive
machinery. This old philosophy means throwing more people in jail rather
than keeping them out of jail. Under this concept, punishment is the sole
instrument of crime control. The yardstick of efficiency of the police is more
on arrest.
Modern Concept-police service considers the police as an organ of crime
prevention. Police service today has broadened its activities to include
certain aspect of social service for the welfare of the people. Their yardstick
of efficiency is the absence of crime.
What is the organizational structure of the PNP?
LINE AND STAFF ORGANIZATION
- It combines staff specialist such as the criminalist, training officer, the
research and development specialist etc. Channels of responsibility is
to think and provide expertise for the line units. The line supervisor
must remember that he obtains advices from the staff specialist.
What are the different functions in the PN organizational structures?
LINE FUNCTION- are the backbone of the police department which include
patrol, investigation and traffic control which is performed by line members
including patrol officer, sergeant and the chief of police.
-that carry out the major purpose of the organization, delivering the services
and dealing directly with the public.
STAFF FUNCTION- are those operations assigned to support the line
functions, staff members are necessarily advisor who are typically assigned
to planning, research, legal advice and budgeting.
-functions that are designed to support the line functions and assist in the
performance of the line functions.
Functional Units Of Police Organization
1. Bureau – the largest organic functional unit within a large department. It
comprises of numbers of divisions:
2. Division – a primary subdivision of a bureau.
3. Section –functional unit within a division that is necessary for
specialization.
4. Unit –functional group within a section; or the smallest functional group
within an organization.
Geographical/Territorial Units
1. Post-a fixed point or location to which an officer is assigned for duty, such
as a designated desk or office or an intersection or cross walk from traffic
duty. Guard duty. It is a spot location for general
2. Route –a length of streets designated for patrol purposes. It is also called
LINE BEAT.
3. Beat-an area assigned for patrol purposes, whether foot or motorized.
4. Sector- area containing two or more beats, routes, or post.
5. District- a geographical subdivision of a city for patrol purposes, usually
with its station.
6. Area- a section or territorial division of a large city each comprised of
designated districts.
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCILES OF POLICE ORGANZATION
1) UNITY OF COMMAND- dictates that there should only be ONE MAN
commanding the unit ensure uniformity in the execution of orders. Every
person, from top to bottom of the bureau, nas just one superior, and no one
but that superior should be giving commands. That no man can serve two
masters.
2) SPAN OF CONTROL- the maximum number of subordinates at a given
position that superior or administrator can supervise effectively.
3) DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY-the principle on which police personnel takes
order from his superior, the process of delegation must take place whatever
a superior’s responsibility becomes too substantial.
4) CHAIN OF COMMAND-the arrangement of officers from the top to bottom
on the basis of rank or position and authority.
5) COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY – a doctrine and principle takes about the
broad form of responsibility and liability of the officers toward to his/her
subordinates.
FUNCTION OF POLICE ADMINISTRATION
Planning- the determination in advance of how the objectives of the
organization will be attained.
-The process of selecting goals and determining how to achieve them.
-The process of setting performance objectives and identifying actions
needed to accomplish the goal.
Organizing- it involves the determination and allocation οn the men and
women as well as the resource of an organization to achieve pre-determined
goals or objectives of the organization
Directing- is the process of giving orders, command,directives or instruction
to personnel in order to rule them in accomplishing the goals or objectives of
an organizations
Staffing- the task of providing competent men to do the job and choosing the
right person for the right job.
Different Staffing Activities:
- Recruitment
- Selection
- Appraisal
- Training
- Development
- Coordinating
- Reporting
Recording- is the system of classifying and compiling written
communications going and outside of an organization.
Budgeting-forecasting in detailed of result of an officially reorganized
program of operations based on the highest reasonable expectations of
operation efficiency.
How did policing formally evolved?
In 1829, Sir Robert Peel introduced the Metropolitan Act, passed by the
parliamen England in the same year, which led to the creation of
Metropolitan Police Force of London, which is viewed as the first organized
uniformed police force. This police force was later on named as the Scotland
Yard. Being the originator and the first head of such police organization, Sir
Robert Peel has earned the title “Father of Modern Policing System
PRE-SPANISH PERIOD
Date back to the early 15th century, rulers in une Philippines were called
Sultan, Gat, Datu, Rajah or Hare. They have their own way of protecting lives
and properties of their own people; they were not united, although their
police functions and organization differ in many forms from our present
police system, YET THEIR PRIMARY PURPOSE ARE THE SAME.
SPANISH ERA
Guardilleros- This was body of rural police organized in each tow established
by the Royal Decree of January 8, 1836. This act provide 5% of the able-
bodied male inhabitants of each province were to be enlisted in the police
organization for 3 years.
Carabineros de Seguridad Publica- This was organized in 1712 for the
Purpose of carrying out the regulations of the department of the state. It was
armed with carbines. Year after, this kind of police organization discharged
the duties of a port, harbor and river police.
The Guardia Civil- This was created to by a Royal Decree issued by he Crown
on February 12, 1852 to partially relieve the Spanish Peninsular Troops of
their work In policing towns. It was composed mostly of Filipinos.
American Period
November 30, 1890 Insular Police Force was created.
July 18, 1901 by the virtue of ACT no. 175 “An act Providing for the
Organization and Government of an Insular Constabulary and for the
Inspection of the Police”.
-Under the general supervision of the Civil Governor for the purpose of
maintaining peace, law and order in the various provinces.
-A corps of Inspector is also created for the purpose of commanding,
disciplining and efficiently directing the Insular Constabulary.
Duty of the Provincial Inspector- Inspecting the Municipal Police of a various
municipality. 1 or more than 4 Provincial Police Inspector for each Province.
July 31, 1901 Manila Police Department was created by the Virtue of act no.
183 of the Philippine Commission.
-The first Chief of Police was Captain George Curry.
-The last American Police Chief of Manila was Captain Columbus Pitt.
-The first Filipino Chief in manila was Colonel Antonio C. Torres.
-COL. Torres declared the Manila as open City on December 8, 1940.
October 3, 1901 – Insular Constabulary was change to Philippine
Constabulary by the virtue of ACT NO. 255.
CAPT. HENRY ALLEN- First chief of PC.
Japanese Period
December 8, 1941 Japanese forces invaded the Philippines in a sne attack to
military installations in Luzon after 10 hours Pearl Harbor in was bombed that
triggered the World War II.
The Manila Police Department was Renamed Metropolitan Constabulary
under the Bureau of Constabulary.
KEMPETAI- Japanese forces that is known to its brutality and indiscriminate
arrest of people with no evidence.
-Kempetai took Col. Torres in custody and rounded the Manila Police and
ordered to them to cooperate.
February 7, 1945 General McArthur returned to the Philippines and the Battle
of Manila ended. Manila Police Department was reconstituted under
American control of Col. Marcus Ellis Jones became a Chief of Police.
°September 18, 1966-RA 4864 “Police Act of 1966 the POLCOM now the
NAPOLCOM.
RELATED LAWS
RA 6975- AN ACT ESTABLISHING THE PHILIPPINE NATION POLICE UNDER A
REORGANIZED DEPARTMENT OF the INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT,
AND OTHER PURPOSE.
RA 8551- AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE REFORM AND REORGANIZATION OF
THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES, AMENDING
CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF REPUBLIC ACT NUMBERED SIXTY-NINE HUNDRED
AND SEVENTY-FIVE ENTITLED, “AN ACT ESTABLISHING THE PHILIPPINE
NATIONAL POLICE UNDER A RE-ORGANIZED DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES”
RA 9708- AN ACT EXTENDING FOR FIVE (5) YEARS THE REGLEMENTARY
PERIOD FOR COMPLYING WITH THE MINIMUM EDUCATION QUALIFICATION
FOR APPOINTMEN THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE (PNP) AND ADJUSTING
THE PROMOTION THEREOF, AMENDING FOR THE PURPOSE PERTINENT
PROVISIONS OF RA 6975 AND RA 8551.
RA 11279- AN ACT TRANSFERRING THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
ACADEMY (PNPA) AND THE NATIONAL POLICE TRAINING INSTITUTE (NPTI)
FROM THE PHILIPPINE PUBLIC SAFETY COLLEGE (PPSC) TO THE PHILIPPINE
NATIONAL POLICE.
CHAPTER III
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ORGANIZATION
Section 25. Organization. ? The PNP shall be headed by a Chief who shall be
assisted by two
(2) deputy chief, one (1) for operations and one (1) for administration, both
of whom shall be appointed by the President upon recommendation of the
Commission from among the most senior and qualified officers in the service:
Provided, however, That in no case shall any officer who has retired or is
retirable within six (6) months from his compulsory eent age be appointed as
Chief of the PNP. The PNP shall be composed of a national office, regional
offices, provincial offices, district offices, city or municipal stations.
At the national level, the PNP shall maintain its office in Metropolitan Manila
which shall house the directorial staff, service staff and special support units.
At the regional level, the PNP shall have regional offices, including that of the
National Capital
Region, which may be divided into two (2) separate regions without prejudice
to the pertinent provisions of the Organic Act for the Autonomous Regions of
the Cordilleras and Muslim Mindanao relative to the creation of a regional
police force in the area of autonomy. Each of these regional offices shall be
headed by a regional director for peace and order.
At the provincial level, there shall be a PNP office, each headed by a
provincial director. In the case of large provinces, police districts may be
established by the Commission to be headed by a district director.
At the city or municipal level, there shall be a PNP station, each headed by a
chief of police.
The Chief of the PNP shall, within sixty (60) days from the effectivity of this
Act and in accordance with the broad guidelines set forth herein, recommend
the organizational structure and staffing pattern of the PNP to the
Commission.
Section 26. Powers, Functions and term of Office of the PNP Chief . ?
The command and direction of the PNP shall be vested in the Chief of the
PNP who shall have the power to direct and control tactical as well as
strategic movements, deployment, placement, utilization of the PNP or any
of its units and personnel, including its equipment, facilities and other
resources.
Such command and direction of the Chief of the PNP may be delegated to
subordinate officials with the respect to the units under their respective
commands, in accordance with the rules and regulation prescribed by the
Commission. The Chief of the PNP shall also have the power to issue detailed
implementing policies and instructions regarding personnel, funds,
properties, records, correspondence and such other matters as may be
necessary to effectivity carry out the functions, powers and duties of the
Bureau. The Chief of the PNP shall be appointed by the
President from among the senior officers down to the rank of chief
superintendent, subject to confirmation by the Commission on
Appointments: Provided, That the Chief of the PNP shall serve a term of office
not to exceed four (4) years: Provided, further, That in times of war or other
national emergency declared by Congress, the President may extend such
term of office.
Sec28.
Section 29. Key Positions. ? The rank director general shall have the position
title of Chief of the PNP.
The rank of deputy director general shall be the Deputy Chief of the PNP for
Administration.
The rank also of deputy director general shall be the Deputy Chief of the PNP
for Operations.
At the national office, with the rank of deputy director general shall be known
as Chief of the Directorial Staff of the PNP.
The heads of the various staff divisions shall have the rank of director with
the position title of Director of the Directorial Staff of their respective
functional divisions.
The head of the Inspectorate Division with the rank of Inspector General.
The heads of the administrative and operational support divisions shall have
the rank of chief superintendent.
The head of the NCR with the rank of director shall assume the position title
of NCR Director.
The heads of the regional offices with the rank of chief superintendent shall
assume the position title of Regional Director.
The heads of the NCR district offices with the rank of chief superintendent
shall have the position title of District Director.
The heads of provincial offices with the rank of senior superintendent shall
be known as
Provincial Director.
The heads of the district offices with the rank of superintendent shall have
the position title of District Director.
The heads of the municipality or city offices with the rank of chief inspector
shall be known as Chief of Police.
Sec.30
Appointment of Police General (Chief, PNP)
Appointed by the President from among the most senior officers down to
the rank of Police Brigadier General in the service subject to the confirmation
of the Commission on Appointment. Provided, that the C/PNP shall serve a
tour of duty not exceeding 4 years Provided further, that in times of war or
other national emergency declared by Congress, the President may extend
shall tour of duty/prenumero потекират
Appointment of Police Lieutenant to Police Lieutenant Colonel –
Appointed by the Chief, PNP as recommended by their immediate
superiors and attested by the Ovil Service Commission.
Appointment of Patrolman/Patrolwoman to Police Executive Master Sergeant
-Appointed by the PNP Regional Director for regional personnel or the
Chief of the PNP for NHQ personnel and attested by the Civil Service
Commission
Appointment of Police Colonel to Police Lieutenant General –
Appointed by the President upon the recommendation of the Chief, PNP
with the endorsement of the Civil Service Commission and confirmation by
the commission on appointment
Promotion – Is the act of elevating a personnel from a lower to a higher rank
or position, either by regular or special process. It is an increase in the level
of authority due to satisfactory performance.
Regular Promotion – Granted to a PNP personnel
Who has successfully passed the corresponding promotional examination
given by the Commission, or passed the Bar, or the corresponding board
examinations for technical services and other professions.
Special Promotion – Granted to a PNP personnel who has exhibited acts of
conspicuous and gallantry at the risk of his/her life above and beyond the
call of duty. Such act shall be validated by the Commission based on the
established criteria.
Posthumous Promotion Granted to a PNP personnel who dies in the
performance of duty or on the act of heroism exhibited in the face of an
armed enemy or in the conduct rescue/ disaster operations resulting in the
loss of life.
POLICE RETIREMENT
Compulsory Retirement: Compulsory retirement, for Officer and non-
officer, shall be upon the attainment of age fifty-six (56):
Optional Retirement: Upon accumulation of at least Twenty (20) years of
satisfactory active service, an officer or non-officer, at his own request and
with the approval of the Commission, shall be retired from the service and
entitled to receive benefits provided by law.
C. ADMINISTRATIVE DISCIPLINARY MACHINERY
Section 41. (a) Citizen’s Complaints. ?
Section 52. Section 41 of Republic Act No. 6975 is hereby amended to read
as follows:
. Citizen’s Complaints. – Any complaint by a natural or juridical person
against any member of the PNP shall be brought before the following:
“(1) Chiefs of Police, where the offense is punishable by withholding of
privileges, restriction to specified limits, suspension or forfeiture of salary, or
any combination thereof, for a period not exceeding fifteen (15) days;
“(2) Mayors of cities and municipalities, where the offense is punishable
by withholding of privileges, restriction to specified limits, suspension or
forfeiture of salary, or any combination thereof, for a period of not less than
sixteen (16) days but not exceeding thirty (30) days;
“(3) People’s Law Enforcement Board, as created under Section 43
hereof, where the offense is punishable by withholding of privileges,
restriction to specified limits, suspension or forfeiture of salary, or any
combination thereof, for a period exceeding thirty (30) days; or by dismissal.
“(b) Internal Discipline. – On dealing with minor offenses involving internal
discipline found to have been committed by any regular member of their
respective commands, the duly designated supervisors and equivalent
officers of the PNP shall, after due notice and summary hearing, exercise
disciplinary powers as follows:
(C) Exclusive Jurisdiction. – A complaint or a charge filed against a PNP
member shall be heard and decided exclusively by the disciplining authority
who has acquired original jurisdiction over the case and notwithstanding the
existence of concurrent jurisdiction as regards the offense: Provided, That
offenses which carry higher penalties referred to a disciplining authority shall
be referred to the appropriate authority which has jurisdiction over the
offense.
“(d) Forum shopping of multiple filing of complaints. – When an
administrative complaint is filed with a police disciplinary authority, such as
the People’s Law Enforcement Board (PLEB), no other case involving the
same cause of action shall be filed with any other disciplinary authority
“Any member or officer of the PNP who shall go on absence without official
leave (AWOL) for a continuous period of thirty (30) days or more shall be
dismissed immediately from the service.”
“SEC. 43. People’s Law Enforcement Board (PLEB). – (a) Creation and
Functions – The sangguniang panlungsod/bayan in every city and
municipality shall create such number of People’s Law Enforcement Boards
(PLEBs) as may be necessary: Provided, That there shall be at least one (1)
PLEB for every five hundred (500) city or municipal police personnel and for
each of the legislative districts in a city.
“The PLEB shall be the central receiving entity for any citizen’s complaint
against the officers and members of the PNP. Subject to the provisions of
Section 41 of Republic Act No. 6975, the PLEB shall take cognizance of or
refer the complaint to the proper disciplinary or adjudicatory authority within
three (3) days upon the filing of the complaint.”lawph!l.net
Section 44. Disciplinary Appellate Boards. ?
“SEC. 44. Disciplinary Appellate Boards. – The formal administrative
disciplinary machinery of the PNP shall be the National Appellate Board and
the regional appellate boards.
What is the function of National Appellate Board?
It shall consider the decision rendered by the Chief of the PNP
What is the function of Regional Appellate Board?
It considers appeal from the decision rendered by officers other than the PNP
Chief such as the Regional Directors, Mayors and PLEB
“The term ‘operational supervision and control’ shall mean the power to
direct, superintend, and oversee the day-to-day functions of police
investigation of crime, crime prevention activities, and traffic control in
accordance with the rules and
“’Employment’ refers to the utilization of units or elements of the PNP for
purposes of protection of lives and properties, enforcement of laws,
maintenance of peace and order, prevention of crimes, arrest of criminal
offenders and bringing the offenders to justice, and ensuring public safety,
particularly in the suppression of disorders, riots, lawlessness, violence,
rebellious and seditious conspiracy, insurgency, subversion or other related
activities.
“’Deployment’ shall mean the orderly and organized physical movement of
elements or units of the PNP within the province, city or municipality for
purposes of employment as herein defined.”
CHAPTER VII
Philippine Public Safety College (PPSC) -It was established by virtue of
Republic Act 6975 which is under the Department) of the Interior and Local
Government. It shall serve as the premier educational institution for the
training of human resources development and continuing education of all
personnel of the Philippine National Police (PNP), Bureau of Fire Protection
(BFP), and Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP). But there is
Republic Act No. 11279, transferring the Philippine National Police Academy
(PNPA) and the National Police Training Institute (NPTI) from the Philippine
Public Safety College (PPSC) to the Philippine National Police (PNP)
What are allowances and incentives usually received by the
uniformed members of the Bureaus?
Longevity pay it is equivalent to 10% of the basic monthly salaries and is
given for every five years of active service. The totality of the said payment
shall not exceed 50% of the basic pay.
SEC.73 Permanent Physical Disability
an officer or Non-officer is permanently and totally disable as a result of
injuries suffered or sickness contracted in the performance of his duty as
duly certified by the National Police Commission upon finding and
certification by the appropriate medical officer that the extent of the
disability or sickness renders such members unit or unable to further perform
the duties of his position shall be entitled the one year salary and to a
lifetime pension equivalent eighty (80%) of his last salary in addition to other
benefits as provided under existing laws. Should such member who has been
retired under permanent total disability under RA 8551 die within five (5)
years from his retirement, his surviving legal spouse or, if there be none, the
surviving dependent legitimate children shall be Po entitled to the pension
for the remainder of the five (5) year guaranteed period
Section 74. Retirement in the Next Higher Grade. ? Uniformed personnel
covered under this Act
Early Retirement – It is given to a PNP member Who applies for it after
having rendered at least 10 years of satisfactory service. The retiree receives
only separation pay which is computed on a rank 2 ranks higher than his
present rank.
Mandatory Retirement – Given to a PNP member upon reaching the
mandatory age retirement which is 56.0 The retired PNP officer will have a
retirement benefit and monthly pension for lifetimes
Section 75. Retirement Benefits. ?
Section 34. Section 75 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as follows:
“SEC. 75. Retirement Benefits. – Monthly retirement pay shall be fifty percent
(50%) of the base pay and longevity pay of the retired grade in case of
twenty (20) years of active service, increasing by two and one-half percent
(2.5%) for every year of active service rendered beyond twenty (20) years to
a maximum of ninety percent (90%) for thirty-six (36) years of active service
and over: Provided, That, the uniformed personnel shall have the option to
receive in advance and in lump sum his retirement pay for the first five (5)
years
Section 24. Attrition System. – There shall be established a system of
attrition within the uniformed members of the PNP within one (1) year from
the effectivity of this Act to be submitted by the PNP to the Commission for
approval. Such attrition system shall include but is not limited to the
provisions of the following sections.
Section 25. Attrition by Attainment of Maximum Tenure in Position. – The
maximum tenure of PNP members holding key positions is hereby prescribed
as follows:
Section 26. Attrition by Relief. – A PNP uniformed personnel who has been
relieved for just cause and has not been given an assignment within two (2)
years after such relief shall be retired or separated.
Section 27. Attrition by Demotion in Position or Rank. – Any PNP personnel,
civilian or uniformed, who is relieved and assigned to a position lower than
what is established for his or her grade in the PNP staffing pattern and who
shall not be assigned to a position commensurate to his or her grade within
eighteen (18) months after such demotion in position shall be retired or
separated.
Section 28. Attrition by Non-promotion. – Any PNP personnel who has not
been promoted for a continuous period of ten (10) years shall be retired or
separated.
TITLE V.
Internal Affairs Service (IAS) – The Internal Affair Service of the PNP shall
proactively conduct inspections and audits on PNP personnel and units,
investigate complaints and gather evidence in support of an open
investigation, conduct summary hearings on PNP members facing
administrative charge, submits a periodic report on the assessment, analysis
and evaluation of the character and behavior of PNP personnel ad units to
the Chief PNP and the Commission, file appropriate criminal cases against
PNP members before the courts as evidence warnings and assist in the
prosecution of the case, and provide assistance to the Office of the
Ombudsman in cases involving the personnel of the PNP.
