Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

OCCUPATIONAL STANDARD
HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
NTQF Level IV

NTQF LevelI-IV

Ministry Of Labor and Skills

November, 2021

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 Introduction
Ethiopia has embarked on a process of reforming its TVET-System. Within the policies and
strategies of the Ethiopian Government, technology transformation – by using international
standards and international best practices as the basis, and, adopting, adapting and verifying
them in the Ethiopian context – is a pivotal element. TVET is given an important role with
regard to technology transfer. The new paradigm in the outcome-based TVET system is the
orientation at the current and anticipated future demand of the economy and the labor market.

The Ethiopia Occupational Standards (EOS) is the core element of the Ethiopian National
TVET-Strategy and an important factor within the context of the National TVET-
Qualification Framework (NTQF).They are national Ethiopian standards, which define the
occupational requirements and expected outcome related to a specific occupation without
taking TVET delivery into account.

This document details the mandatory format, sequencing, wording and layout for the Ethiopia
Occupational Standard, which comprised of Units of Competence.

A Unit of Competence describes a distinct work activity. It is documented in a standard

format that comprises:
 Occupational title level
 Unit title
 Unit code
 Unit descriptor
 Elements and Performance criteria
 Variables and Range statement
 Evidence guide

Together all the parts of a Unit of Competence guide the assessor in determining whether the
candidate is competent.
The ensuing sections of this EOS document comprise a description of the occupation with all
the key components of a Unit of Competence:
 Chart with an overview of all Units of Competence for the respective level (Unit of
Competence Chart) including the Unit Codes and the Unit titles
 Contents of each Unit of Competence (competence standard)
 Occupational map providing the technical and vocational education and training (TVET)
providers with information and important requirements to consider when designing
training programs for this standards and for the individual, a career path

UNIT OF COMPETENCE CHART

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Occupational Standard: Health Information Technology
Occupational Code: HLT HIT
NTQF Level IV

HLT HIT4 01 1121 HLT HIT4 02 1121 HLT HIT4 03 1121

Apply Basic Computer Perform Disease Perform Medical Record
and mobile health Classification and Coding Unit Procedures
technology

HLT HIT4 04 1121 HLT HIT4 05 1121 HLT HIT4 06 1121

Organize and Maintain Perform Patient Data Monitor Admission/
Medical Record Unit Collection, Compilation Discharge documentation
and Entry

HLT HIT4 07 1121 HLT HIT4 08 1121 HLT HIT4 09 1121

Provide Motivated, Implement and Maintain Compute Health Care
Competent and Health Information System Statistics, Survey and
Compassionate service HMIS Indicators

HLT HIT4 10 1121 HLT HIT4 11 1121 HLT HIT4 12 1121

Prepare Service Prepare Disease Develop and Query simple
Delivery and Disease Surveillance Report relational Database
Reports

HLT HIT4 13 1121 HLT HIT4 14 1121 HLT HIT4 15 1121

Administer Database Perform Computer Apply First Aid and
Back-Up and Recovery maintenance and Emergency Response
Networking

HLT HIT4 16 1121 HLT HIT4 17 1121 HLT HIT4 18 1121

Apply Infection Perform Community Manage Community
Prevention Techniques Mobilization and Provide Health Service
and Workplace OHS Health Education

HLT HIT4 19 1121

Prevent and Eliminate
MUDA

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Occupational Standard: Health Information Technology Level IV
Unit Title Apply Basic Computer and Mobile Health Technology
Unit Code HLT HIT4 01 1121
Unit Descriptor This unit of competence covers the skill, knowledge and attitude
required to store, retrieve, analyze, present and file health data
using word processing, spreadsheet, access and power point
applications. It also includes the competence required to identify,
utilize internet services and use for new or upgraded technology

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Connect computer 1.1 Workspace, furniture and equipment are adjusted to suit user
hardware ergonomic requirements.
peripherals 1.2 Computer components and types are identified.
1.3 Computer components are installed and set ready to use.
1.4 Printer is connected with computer and set ready for use.
2. Install and 2.1 Basic computer applications are installed.
Administer basic 2.2 All required device drivers are installed.
computer 2.3 User account is created and administered.
applications
3. Utilize software 3.1 Appropriate software application is identified for data
applications processing.
3.2 Data process is handled with Microsoft office word processor.
3.3 Data analysis and process is demonstrated with Microsoft
excel.
3.4 Database for health data management is created and used with
Microsoft Access.
3.5 Data presentation is worked out with MS power point
presentation.
3.6 Design activities are worked out with MS Visio.
3.7 Work related data is handled with Notepad or word pad.
4. Utilize internet 4.1 Internet/intranet services are identified and executed.
services 4.2 Resources are searched, identified and retrieved on the
internet
4.3 Reports are sent to the next level using e-mail services and
received feedback.
4.4 Web based e-health applications identified and used.
5. Identify the 5.1. The existing knowledge and techniques to technology are
existing Health applied
technologies 5.2. Mobile technology skills are acquired and used to
enhance learning and provision of standard health care
5.3. Mhealth techniques are used to enhance efficient
utilization of resources and avoid duplication of efforts

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 5.4. New and/or upgraded equipment’s are identified, classified
and used where appropriate, for the benefit of customers as well
as the health care system.
6.Apply the functions 6.1. The functions of technology are applied to assist in solving
of technology the health and related data collection, organization, analysis and
interpretation.
6.2. Testing of new or upgraded equipment is conducted
according to the specification manual.
6.3. Features of new or upgraded equipment are applied within
the organization
6.4. Sources of information is accessed, used and interpreted
relating to new or upgraded equipment

Variable Range
Computer components May include but not limited to:
 System unit
 CPU
 Memory
 Secondary Storage device
 Hard disk
 Monitor
 Mouse
 Keyboard
 CD-ROM
 Printer with its accessories
Ergonomic May include, but not limited to:
requirements  Avoiding radiation from computer screens
 Chair height, seat and back adjustment
 Document holder
 Footrest
 Keyboard and mouse position
 Lighting
 Noise minimization
 Posture
 Screen position
 Workstation height and layout
Power source May include but not limited to:
 Power wall outlet
 Power sockets
 UPS (uninterrupted power supply)
 Generator
 Power cord extension
 Power Adaptor

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Authorization Defines:
 Right to access computer resources
Software application May include but not limited to:
 Microsoft word processor
 Microsoft access
 Microsoft excel
 Microsoft power point presentation
 Microsoft Visio
 Note pad
 Word pad
Data process May include but not limited to:
 The steps used to convert computer inputs to output or
information
Device Driver May include but not limited to:
 Any computer program that operates or controls a device that is
attached to a computer.
Web based e-health May include but not limited to:
application  Any web application designed, developed and run to capture
and manage health data
 mhealth(HMIS, DHIS report, technical updates, online
trainings, referral linkage)

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Must demonstrate knowledge and skills of:
Competence  Applying basic computer skill to operate personal computers.
 Using Microsoft Word to document health data
 Internet search functions
 Applying web- based e-health applications
 Work with Microsoft vision to depict and present health data
 Applying Microsoft spreadsheets to analyze and visualize
health data
 Applying Microsoft access to store and retrieve health data
 Use Microsoft power point for health data presentation
 Work with notepad and word pad to handle health data
 Manage computer resource access authorization tools
 Identifying and Installing device driver to computers
 Mobile devises
 EHealth
Required Knowledge Must demonstrate knowledge on:
 Brief history of computer development
 Components of computers
 How to install third part software and device drivers
 How to properly on and off computer and its application

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 software
 Purpose use and function of basic computer applications
 Available Web-based e-health applications
 How internet search engines work
 How to browse internet
 M health techniques
 New and/or upgraded equipment’s
 New or upgraded technology performance
Required Skills Must demonstrate skills on:
 Basic computer application
 Create, format and prepare presentations for distribution and
display health data
 Customize basic computer settings
 Create and Use email applications
 Search and retrieve web resources using internet search engines
/web browsing
 Install, configure, login and use web e-health application to
capture, and retrieve health data
 Connecting computer hardware peripherals for use
 Install device drivers
Resource Implication Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Methods of Assessment Competence may be assessed through:
Written Test
Observation/Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Assessment Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
work place setting.

Occupational Standard: Health Information Technology Level IV

Unit Title Perform Disease Classification and Coding

Unit Code HLT HIT4 02 1121

Unit Descriptor This unit of competence defines the skills and knowledge required

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 to perform disease classification and coding of clinical database on
National Classification of Disease (NCoD).

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Identify and 1.1 Clinical data are identified and extracted accurately from
evaluate clinical medical records by maintaining its confidentiality.
data 1.2 Relevance of medical records is evaluated to establish the
primary diagnosis and co-morbidities.
1.3 Evaluation of recorded procedures, interventions and
medications are carried out to establish procedures,
investigation results and medications.
1.4 Level of detail of clinical data is established to meet national
standards.
1.5 Clinical data is recorded clearly, accurately, completely and
timely.
2. Assign codes to 2.1 Clinical data are coded in accordance with the national
clinical data classification of diseases (NCoD) guideline.
2.2 Sequence of codes is established related to a single episode in
accordance with NCoD guideline.
2.3 Coded data are recorded clearly, accurately and completely.
2.4 Coded data are entered into the appropriate
format/technology.
3. Monitor and Ensure 3.1 Ensure that all healthcare providers and other staffs are
implementation of oriented and sensitized on the use of coded clinical data.
coding and disease 3.2 All coded clinical data is ensured to comply with national
classification classification of diseases (NCoD) guideline
3.3 All staff at different levels who are engaged in coding and
disease classification are monitored according to (NCoD)
guideline.
3.4 Gaps in coding compliance to standards are monitored,
identified and resolved.
4. Utilize software 4.1 Relevant Healthcare software and applications are
applications for identified and applied for coding
coding and 4.2 Reports are sent to the next level using e-mail services.
reporting 4.3 Feedback is received through Internet/intranet services.
4.4 International classification of disease(ICD10)

Variable Range
Clinical data May include but not limited to:
 Diagnosis
 Disease and related health problems
 Symptoms

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  Interventions
 Investigation
 Procedures and treatments
 Episodes of care
 Radiologic Images
Medical Record May include but not limited to:
 paper based
 electronic
National classification Includes
of diseases (NCoD)  Health post edition
 Mini edition
 Compact edition
 Extended edition
Relevant software and May include but not limited to:
application  DHIS2, NHDD, EMR
Organization May include but not limited to:
requirements  Clinical practice guidelines
 Protocols
 Organization policies and/or procedures
Materials Include:
 National classification of diseases (NCoD)guideline
 International classification of disease(ICD10)
Type and Source of May include but not limited to:
Information  National classification of disease guideline
 NHDD software
 International classification of disease(ICD10)

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Must demonstrate knowledge and skills on:
Competence  Identified and evaluated clinical data
 Assigned codes to clinical data
 Promoted utilization of national classification of disease and
coding
 Monitored compliance of coding and disease classification
 Applied current national HMIS application soft wares
Required Knowledge Must demonstrate knowledge of:
 Current legislations, policies, procedures, codes, and guidelines
in relation to clinical coding
 Understanding of the use and meaning of medical terminology
 Application of professional ethics in clinical coding
 Understanding and use of medical terminology
 Understanding of the ways in which Ethiopian rules and

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 conventions are applied to clinical data to achieve the correct
clinical codes.
 Ways in which clinical data is indexed, stored and cross mapped
from clinical terms to classifications
 Understanding of the importance of the sequence of codes and
the primary diagnosis and procedures/interventions
 Understanding of the type and level of detail which is required
for clinical coding
 Understanding of the ways in which health records are
assembled and used, and where the best sources of accurate and
reliable clinical data may be found
 Understanding of situations in which particular aspects of the
patient’s condition will have a bearing on the required clinical
data
 Understanding of where and who to go to in the event of
unclear or inaccurate clinical data and the importance of
clinician involvement
 Timescales within which clinical coding must take place and its
relation to the patients overall plan of care
 Use of relevant software applications for coding
 Understand future interface between clinical coding, electronic
health records and electronic patient records and clinicians
 Use national classification of disease for coding
Required Skills Must demonstrate skills on:
 Basic computer application
 Data entry using different software
 Data accuracy, completeness and consistency checks
 Simple data analysis
 Data retrieving when need arise
 National classification of disease and coding
 Epidemic prone disease index case identification
 Identification of gaps in coding compliance to standards
Resources Implication Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Methods of Assessment Competence may be assessed through:
 Interview / Written Test
 Observation / Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Assessment Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
work place setting.

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Occupational Standard: Health Information Technology Level IV
Unit Title Perform Medical Record Unit Procedures

Unit Code HLT HIT4 03 1121

This unit of competence defines the skills and knowledge required
Unit Descriptor
to perform patient/client registration, retrieval, tracing,
transportation, filing and documentation of medical records per the
standard procedures of healthcare facilities.

Elements Performance criteria

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1. Ensure proper client 1.1 Patient needs are identified by interviewing patient or
reception and accompanying person according to set guidelines.
registration 1.2 Availability of previous medical record in the same facility is
identified.
1.3 Patients referred from other health facilities are checked to
verify for possession of referral document.
1.4 Patients are registered according to registration procedure.
1.5 Appropriate medical recording formats are prepared and
issued as per the Data Recording and Reporting Procedures
1.6 Tracer card is issued.
1.7 Master Patient Index (MPI) card is produced and catalogued
during registration.
1.8 Service identification card is issued to patients.
2. Apply basic 2.1. Basic principles of medical record transportation to and from
principles of the medical record unit, outpatient and inpatient departments
medical record are applied.
transportation and 2.2. Patient’s medical record security and confidentiality is
ensure its return to ensured.
MRU 2.3. Arrangements of medical records to be transported to the
service units are ensured in accordance with applicable rules
and regulations.
2.4. Return of Medical records to the medical record Unit/ MRU
is ensured.
2.5. Filing returned medical records per the standard is ensured.
3. Implement Medical 3.1 Retrieval of medical records based on the standard is ensured.
record retrieval and 3.2Tracer card is prepared and placed on the shelf replacing for
tracing procedures medical record.
3.2 Use of service identification card is explained to clients.
3.3 MPI catalogue is maintained.
4. Maintain client 4.1 Medical records are checked for completion according to
record standard.
4.2 Records are reviewed/audited for proper registration.
4.3 Damaged/old medical record folders are replaced with the new
one per the standard.
4.4 Availability of tools and equipment required to maintain
client medical records is ensured.
5. Apply electronic 5.1 Patient’s/ Client’s registration information is recorded in
medical recording electronic format.
and retrieving 5.2 Electronic searching and/or retrieval of patient’s/client’s
technology medical record is performed.
5.3 Unique patient/client medical record identification in a facility
is ensured electronically.

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6. Protect individual 6.1 Disclosure of patient’s information to unauthorized person is
medical records prevented.
from unauthorized 6.2 Patient’s information confidentiality is handled in accordance
access and with information policy in case of emergency or other
disclosure conditions where consent is not available.
6.3 Patient-specific data released only to the authorized person is
ensured.
6.4 Ensure that medico-legal patient records are placed in a
separate location.

Variables Range
Data May include but not limited to:
 Dates
 Numbers
 Images
 Symbols that represent basic facts and observations about
people, processes, measurements and conditions.
Is filed in each client’s medical record, and has information about:
Tracer Card
 Clients name
 Client’s medical record number
 Destination of medical record
 Date record moved from medical record department
Master Patient Index Index card with information about:
Card  Facility identifier
 Medical record number
 Registration date
 Client’s full name
 Date of birth
 Gender
 Client’s address
 Phone number
Service Identification Is issued to each client on registration and has information about:
card  Name of facility
 Date of registration
 Medical record number
 Name of client
 Age
 Sex
 Address
Tools and equipment May include but not limited to:
 Health Record Forms, templates
 Computer

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  Printer
 Database Technology Systems
 Master Patient Index card
 Service Identification card
 Guide line
 Tracer book
 Working uniform
 Trolley
 Ladder
Data tracking tool May includes but not limited to:
 Appropriate use of data tracking tools on day to day activities.
 Assess functionality of the data tracking tools.
 Ensure mechanism of applicability of procedures.

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Must demonstrate knowledge and skills on:
Competence  Ensured proper client reception and registration
 Client record keeping maintained
 Retrieval and tracing methods for individual client records
Implemented
 Ensured compliance to record Technology standard
 Applied basic principles of medical record transportation.
 Principle of confidentiality of patient information is applied.
Required Knowledge Must demonstrate knowledge on:
 Information security and patient privacy legislations
 Documentation requirements and use and function of health
record
 Development and maintenance of health record system
 Obtaining assistance to resolve difficulties
 Organization’s systems for arranging material
 Correcting sequencing errors without delay
 Importance to maintain the integrity of the medical record
keeping system
 Store, retrieve and archive information effectively and
efficiently.
 Accessing patient record using the Master Patient Index
 Availability of tracer mechanisms for cards sent to OPD’s
and returns.
 Arrangements made based on first come first serve basis
Required Skills Must demonstrate:
 Communication skill
 Local and working Language skill

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  Proper Documentation and retrieval
 Proper handling of patient medical record
 Trace and return documents to its proper place.
Resources Implication Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Methods of Assessment Competence may be assessed through:
 Interview / Written Test
 Observation / Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Assessment Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
work place setting.

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Occupational Standard: Health Information Technology Level IV
Unit Title Organize and Maintain Medical Record Unit
Unit Code HLT HIT4 04 1121
Unit Descriptor This Unit of competence defines the skill and knowledge required
to organize and maintain the structure and functions of medical
record unit per the HMIS standards. It also ensures the maintenance
of the medical record unit based on standard record keeping
procedures, and clean environment by applying basic sanitation
principles.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Assess medical 1.1 Medical record keeping procedures are identified.
record unit 1.2 Record keeping procedures are assessed as per the standard.
1.3 Medical Record unit’s physical structures are identified and
assessed per the standard.
1.4 Computer/IT infrastructure and Registration software is
assessed
1.5 Staff for MRU is assessed.
2. Organize medical 2.1 HMIS standards for medical record unit are identified.
record unit 2.2 The required IT infrastructure for MRU per HMIS standard is
Identified
2.3 The required number of qualified professionals for MRU is
ensured.
2.4 Standard medical recording HMIS Recording tools are
identified.
2.5 Medical record unit is organized based on HMIS standards.
2.6 Functional electronic patient registration software is ensured as
per the standard
3. Maintain Medical 3.1 Medical record keeping procedures are maintained per the
Record unit standard
3.2 Medical Record unit’s physical structures are maintained
3.3 IT infrastructure and Patient registration software is
maintained.
3.4 MRU staffing per HMIS standard is ensured.
3.5 Medical record keeping procedures are monitored
3.6 Medical record unit environment cleanness is ensured by
appropriate personnel using basic sanitation principles.

Variables Range
HMIS Standard May include but not limited to:
 Medical record unit’s room size
 Number and size of medical record unit’s windows for service

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  Shelves size, width and length
 Shelf labeling
 Master patient index box (MPI)size and labeling
 Policies and Guide lines for free treatment procedures
 Number of human resources-HIT, Data Clerk
IT infrastructure May include but not limited to:
 Computer
 Printer
 Network device
 Portable data storage media
 Power sources(electricity)
HMIS Recording May include but not limited to:
Tools  Registration card
 Service Card
 MPI card
 Appointment card
 Log book
 Tracer card
 RH Card
Physical infrastructure May include but not limited to:
 Location
 Room size and number
 Standard size Shelves
 Furniture
Appropriate personnel May include:
 Janitor
 Porter
 Health Information Technician
 Supervisor

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Must demonstrate knowledge and skills on:
Competence  Applied basic principles of environmental sanitation.
 Identifying HMIS standards for Medical Record Unit.
 How Patient Registration software works.
 How computer system deployed and works respective to MRU.
 How to organize medical record unit to implement the standard
MRU procedures.
 Understand appropriate medical recording and documentation
procedures.
 Clean handling of patient records.
 Data categorization and archival systems.
 Principles and procedures of clean data handling.

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  How to maintain MRU procedures, staffing, physical and IT
infrastructures.
 Maintain MRU per HMIS standards.
Required Knowledge Must demonstrate knowledge of:
 Basic clean data handling procedure.
 Basic communication and reporting principles.
 MRU Documentation procedures
 The Basic principles of MRU organization and maintenance.
 The basic principles of data categorization and archival system
used by the institution.
 HMIS principles and standards related to MRU.
Required Skills Must demonstrate:
 Organizing Medical record unit
 Maintaining MRU procedures, physical and IT infrastructures.
 Proper documentation skill
 Local Language and English reading, writing and speaking
skills
 Basic computer skill
 Clean handling of patient records.
Resource Implication Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Methods of Assessment Competence may be assessed through:
 Written Test
 Observation / Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Assessment Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
work place setting.

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Occupational Standard: Health Information Technology Level IV
Unit Title Perform Patient Data Collection, Compilation and Entry

Unit Code HLT HIT4 05 1121

This unit of competence defines the skills and knowledge required
Unit Descriptor
to perform data collection, compilation, and entry into appropriate
formats or technology as per the HMIS standard in order to
retrieve data, prepare report and provision of complete
documentation.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Collect and compile 1.1 Data collection from the different units of the facility is
ensured.
data from sources 1.2 Compilation of collected data based on appropriate format is
ensured.
1.3 Completeness, correctness and timeliness of the data are
verified.
2. Use appropriate 2.1 Data coded/entered to the appropriate formats
format for data entry 2.2 Data as per the need is retrieved.
2.3 Incomplete and incorrect records are verified.
3. Document data 3.1. Proper documentation of the collected data is ensured.
3.2. Appropriate archival procedure is applied.

Variable Range
Data collection tool May include but not limited to:
 Standard format for data collection
 Register
 Tally sheet
 Daily, weekly, monthly/quarterly reporting format
Tools and equipment May include but not limited to:
 Register
 Tally sheet
 Report format
 Computer
 Software application

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Must demonstrate knowledge and skills on:
Competence  Data collection
 Data compilation

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  Data coding
 Data cleaning
 Data entry
 Data documentation
Required Knowledge Must demonstrate knowledge of:
 The importance of health records/data
 Information security
 How to obtain assistance to resolve difficulties whenever
needed
 Identify appropriate formats
 Methods used to collect required information
Required Skills Must demonstrate skills to:
 Clean handling of patient records.
 Compile data
 Use and function of health record
 Apply appropriate formats
 Categorize data based on classification
 Retrieve data system application
Resources Implication Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Methods of Assessment Competence may be assessed through:
 Interview / Written Test
 Observation / Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Assessment Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
work place setting.

Occupational Standard: Health Information Technology Level IV

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Unit Title Monitor Admission /Discharge Documentation

Unit Code HLT HIT4 06 1121

This unit of competence covers the skill, knowledge and attitude
Unit Descriptor
required to implement accurate documentation during patient
admission, discharge and clearance procedures.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Implement 1.1 Patients admission is carried out based on the procedures
admission procedure 1.2 Proper patient admission information is documented manually
or electronically
1.3 Admitted patients ‘location and record are delivered to
appropriate destination.
1.4 Admission reports are compiled.
2.Apply Discharge and 3.1 Discharge summaries are completed according to guidelines.
clearance procedures 3.2 Information from discharge summary is recorded for follow
up appointment
3.3 Patient’s records are verified for complete and correct filing
of all documents before returning to record unit.
3.4 Length of stay is compiled and reported
3.5 Completeness of required clearance procedures before patient
discharge is ensured.
3.6 Medical record folder is returned to the medical record unit
after patient is discharged.

Variable Range
Admitting the patients May include but not limited to:
 Checking client identity with details on admission referral
 Explaining the admission procedure to the client
 Preparing admission/inpatient documentation manually or
electronically
Discharging the May include but not limited to:
patients  Documentation of discharged patient’s disposition
 Verify Patient’s records completeness and correctness
 Filing documents before keeping in the record room
 Ensure completeness of all required clearance processes
Tools and equipment May include but not limited to:
 Recording and reporting formats
 Admission and discharge forms
 EMR software
 log books
 Table and seats

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  Writing pads,
 Pen and pencils
 Computer with accessories,

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Must demonstrate knowledge on:
Competence  Implementation of admission procedure monitoring and
supervision
 Patients hospital stay record completeness, correctness
monitoring and supervision
 Discharge and clearance procedures implementation,
monitoring and supervision
 Compilation and documentation of admission and discharge
information
Required Knowledge Must demonstrate knowledge on:
 Policies, procedures and systems relevant to admission and
discharge of patients
 Use and function of Health records (manual and electronic)
 Client requirements in relation to information, appointment
scheduling, available support services and specific service
delivery issues
 Appointment scheduling and client follow up systems and
procedures
 Importance to maintain the integrity of the admission discharge
system
 Keeping records tidy, handling records safely
 Organization’s policy on the return of records
 Patient privacy legislations
Required Skills Must demonstrate skills of:
 Admission and discharge procedures
 Recording and documentation
 Basic computer application skill (e.g. EMR)
 Return and placement of documentation
Resources Implication Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Methods of Assessment Competence may be assessed through:
 Interview / Written Test
 Observation / Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Assessment Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
work place setting.

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Occupational Standard: Health Information Technology Level IV
Unit Title Provide Motivated, Competent and Compassionate service
Unit Code HLT HIT4 07 1121
This unit of competence covers skills, knowledge and attitude
Unit Descriptor
required to effectively perform professional duties and
responsibilities with Motivated, competent, compassionate care
manner. It also provide the skill, knowledge, and attitude required
to manage medico-legal issues, implement data security measures,
maintain confidentiality and protect patient privacy rights by
applying basic principles of professional ethics.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Apply ethical 1.1. Ethical principles and issues of the profession are identified
principles, practice and executed
and professionalism 1.2. Professional code of conducts are identifies and executed
1.3. Professional values are recognized and demonstrated
1.4. Adherence to ethical principles of the profession is maintained
and evaluated
1.5. Professional practice are maintained according to applicable
standards
2. useethical guidelines 2.1 Patient and clients feelings and emotions during patient’s
related to patient reception are considered
medical record 2.2 Ethical standards of patient’s privacy rights related to
handling medical record handling are identified and implemented.
2.3 Patient’s rights to access care, transfer and continuity of
care are respected.
2.4 Policies and procedures for access and disclosure of
personal health information are identified and implemented.
2.5 Patients' access to own information and to clear and concise
explanation of all proposed medical procedures are ensured.
2.6 Record keeping during acceptance and refusal of treatment
by the patient is ensured.
3. Demonstrate
3.1 Positive, respectful and collaborative working relationship is
effective
established.
communication
3.2 Motivation, Compassion and concern for the patient are
recognized, anticipated and expressed.
3.3 Information is clearly and effectively elicited
3.4 Proper information is gathered and registered
3.5 Patient concern is actively listened

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 3.6 Clients and patients are effectively informed and guided.
3.7 Effective interaction is established with other people
working within the health system
3.8 Non-violent communication techniques are used and
implemented
4. Promote 4.1. Professional values (responsiveness, compassion,
patients’ rights trustworthiness, integrity, honesty etc.) are recognized and
demonstrated
4.2. Ethical standards related to patient privacy rights are
publicized.
4.3. Assessments are conducted and solutions on privacy
issues/problems are recommended.
4.4. Ensure that training programs for health care providers and
other staff on privacy and confidentiality of client
information are conducted.
5. Maintain medico- 5.1. Medico-legal issues are identified and recorded
legal issues 5.2. Medico-legal records are kept in a separate and secured place
5.3. Medico-legal data integrity is ensured
5.4. Medico-legal information is released to only authorized
users
6. Perform with 6.1 Legislation and common laws relevant to work role are
legal and ethical understood
framework 6.2 Policies and procedures are respected and practiced
through 6.3 Confidentiality of individual’s record is ensured.
responsibility 6.4 Ethical issues and ethical dilemma in the workplace is
and recognized
accountability 6.5 Patients who are not able to communicate in case of
emergency or other conditions are handled.
6.6 Ethical standards related to patient privacy rights are
publicized.
6.7 Patient-specific data are released to only authorized users.
6.8 Assessments are conducted and solutions on privacy
issues/problems recommended.
6.9 Disclosure of patient’s information to another person
without patient’s consent is prevented
6.10 Training programs for health care providers and other staff
on privacy and confidentiality of patient information are
conducted
6.11 Unethical conduct is recognized and reported

Variable Range
Clients May include, but not limited to:

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  Child and families
 Children and young people
 Individuals living in the community
 People seeking advice and assistance
 Patients
 Patient families
Rights May include, but not limited to:
 Access to services
 Confidentiality
 Dignity
 Informed choice
 Privacy
 Right to express ideas and opinions
 Lodge a compliant
Effective interaction May include, but not limited to:
 Teamwork,
 Respect,
 Politeness
Non-violent May include, but not limited to:
communication  Communication that empowers individuals to achieve greater
techniques empathy for others by developing their own sense of their
feelings and needs
 Communication used to heal:
 emotional wounds,
 develop emotional intelligence,
 resolve conflicts, and
 create win-win solutions
Professional values May include, but not limited to:
 Responsiveness
 Compassion
 Trustworthiness
 Integrity
 Honesty
Patient privacy rights May include but not limited to:
 Respect and Dignity, confidentiality, access to own medical
record, care, transfer, and continuity of care, information,
consent,
 Sanctity, dignity, culture, values, beliefs and rights of patients
are respected.
Confidentiality of client May be ensured by:
information  Adherence to Privacy Act /or law
 Information disclosed to an appropriate person consistent with
the responsibility of this position

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  Legal and ethical requirements
 Secure location for written records
 Privacy of work area
Records  Used broadly to apply to all types of physical records that are
kept within the health sector (including health records).
Tools and equipment May include but not limited to:
 National legal codes (Criminal and Civil)
 Patient's Right Regulations
 Ethiopian health law regarding patient rights
 Information release policies and guidelines
 Proclamations on health issues
 Regional/local rules and regulations
 Medico- legal issues
Type and Source of May include but not limited to:
Information  Assessments about knowledge, attitude, behavior and practice
(KABP) of clients and health staff, towards patients' privacy
rights
 Exit interview of clients
 Suggestion boxes of the institution
 Civil service reform desks
 Textbooks

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Must demonstrate knowledge and skills in:
Competence  Apply ethical principles, practice and professionalism
 Use of ethical guidelines related to patient medical record
handling
 Demonstration of effective communication
 Promotion of patients’ rights
 Maintaining medico-legal issues
 Perform with legal and ethical framework through
responsibility and accountability
Required Knowledge Must demonstrate knowledge on:
 Compassionate , respectful and caring health workforce
approached and implementation strategies
 Organization’s policy and procedures for usage and protection
of information
 What schedules and policies exist for routine authorization
 How to deal appropriately with individual users
 How to communicate with clients clearly and effectively
 Why it is important to explain security procedures to the user
 What the requirements of the system are for details

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  What data protection issues may be involved
 Legislative and regulatory processes
 Legal terminology
 Difference between ethical and legal problems
 Health information/record laws and regulations (such as
retention, patient rights/advocacy, advanced directives,
privacy)
 Medico-legal issues
 Confidentiality, privacy, and security policies, procedures, and
monitoring.
 Release of information policies and procedures
 Professional roles and responsibilities related to ethical issues
Required Skills Must demonstrate skills of:
 Communication
 Documentation
 Data handling
 Data protection
 Data dissemination
Resources Implication Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.

Methods of Assessment Competence may be assessed through:

 Interview / Written Test
 Observation / Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Assessment Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
work place setting.

Occupational Standard: Health Information Technology Level IV

Unit Title Implement and Maintain Health Information system
Unit Code HLT HIT4 08 1121

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Unit Descriptor This unit of competence covers the skills, knowledge and attitude
required to implement and maintain health information systems.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Apply basic 1.1. Health system’s organizational structure and operational

principles of health regulations are identified.
system 1.2. Health system principle is applied as appropriate to health
institution level in relation to health information system.
1.3. Health information flow is channeled and monitored from
local or facility to federal level.
1.4. Health information system needs are identified based on
basic principles of the health system.
2. Implement health 2.1 Appropriate health information system and technologies
information system are identified per the current health institution need.
2.2 Updated manuals and electronic (mobile) based health
information systems and technologies (HRIS, DHIS2,
LMIS, MFR, ART software, mBrana, EMR,
PHEM/IVR,CHIS)in health institutions is familiarized.
2.3 Deployment of health information systems and technologies
are ensured per the national standard.
2.4 Periodic self-assessment and review of the implemented
health information system is ensured.
3. Assist and Monitor 2.1 Health service planning is developed periodically.
Health Service 2.2 Health service plan is implemented based on the developed
Planning plan.
2.3 Health service plan and implementation are monitored and
evaluated
2.4 Feedback is provided to all relevant departments based on
their plan and implementation status
4. Apply HRIS to 3.1. HRIS software installation and configuration steps and
manage human functionalities are identified.
resource data. 3.2. HRIS software is installed and configured.
3.3. Utilization of HRIS software to manage health institution’s
human resource and license related data is ensured.
5. UseDHIS2 system 4.1 DHIS2 software features, installation and configuration
to handle HMIS steps are identified.
data. 4.2 DHIS2 software application is installed and configured
(offline).
4.3 Role based security mechanism and user account
management is ensured.
4.4 Data validation rules are implemented for quality data entry.
4.5 Use of DHIS2 to produce reports, Data visualizer,
Dashboard, Pivot table, Mapping/GIS, Scorecard is ensured.

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 4.6 Feedback on DHIS2 meta data, functionality and other
outputs is communicated using appropriate format (OTRS)
4.7 Appropriate database backup and recovery options are
identified for offline implementation.
6. Apply e-CHIS and 5.1 Electronic Community Health Information system (eCHIS)
mBrana to handle and mBrana functionalities, features, installation and
Household, client configuration steps are identified.
and Vaccine data 5.2 E-CHIS and mBrana application software is installed and
configured.
5.3 eCHIS and mBrana application utilization by appropriate
users is ensured.
7. Apply EMR system 6.1 Electronic medical record system functionalities, features,
to manage patient installation and configuration steps are identified.
data 6.2 EMR application software is installed and configured
6.3 Role based security mechanism and user’s account
management is ensured.
6.4 Patient registration and clinical data is entered using
installed EMR software.
6.5 Clinical and HMIS reports are generated from patient
database.
6.6 Integrated EMR system connecting registration Medical
record, OPD, IPD, Pharmacy, Laboratory and Radiology
units is ensured.
8. Monitor 7.1 IVR and electronic PHEM applications software
PHEM/IVR components, functionalities and configuration steps are
implementation identified.
7.2 Implementation of PHEM software, interactive voice
response system for PHEM disease reporting and
notification is monitored.
7.3 Utilization of electronic PHEM and IVR system to handle
disease surveillance data and generating report is ensured.
9. Apply LMIS to 8.1 Logistic management information systems (LMIS)-APTS
manage and DAGU-HCMIS functionalities, installation and
Pharmaceutical configuration steps are identified.
data 8.2 Implementation of LMIS for managing pharmaceuticals data
is monitored.
8.3 Use of LMIS for data capturing and reporting in health
facilities per the standards is ensured.
10. Apply MFR for 9.1 Master facility registry (MFR) features, installation and
facility data configuration steps are identified.
handling 9.2 Implementation of MFR to curate facility signature and
service domain data is ensured.
9.3 Use of MFR for curation and downloading of facility data is

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 applied.
11. Apply ART 10.1 Antiretroviral (ART) software features, installation and
software to manage configuration steps are identified.
HIV program data 10.2 Implementation of ART software to handle HIV program
patient/client level data is monitored.
10.3 Use of ART software to capture, manage data and reporting
is ensured.
12. Monitor and 2.1 Established Co-workers' ownership of operational plan
Maintain health through full participation in the planning process
information system 2.2 Developed health information system operational plan based
on institutional plan.
2.3 Implemented health information systems availability and
accessibility is ensured
2.4 Operational plan is implemented.
2.5 .Health information systems troubleshooting procedures are
implemented.
2.6 Team and individuals are monitored and evaluated, based on
performance criteria.
2.7 Appropriate monitoring and evaluation tools including
reporting format, key performance indicators, are identified
and developed.
2.8 Performed activities are reported, based on institutional
reporting formats
2.9 Proper evaluation technique for implementation process is
maintained.
2.10 HIS performance implementation are monitored and
evaluated
2.11 Information revolution status of health institutions are
analyzed and reported to the next level

Variable Range
Health information May include but not limited to :
systems and  DHIS2
technologies  EMR-Electronic Medical Record
 HRIS Human Resource information system
 e-CHIS electronic community health information system
 PHEM and IVR)- Public health emergency management
/Interactive voice response
 ART software- Antiretroviral therapy software
 LMIS (APTS-Auditable pharmaceutical transactions services
and HCMIS- Health commodities management information
system/Dagu)
 MFR- Master facility registry

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  LQAS- lot quality assurance sampling
 RDQA- Routine data quality assurance
 mBrana- It is an electronic logistic management system
available both as in mobile and web version.
Information use May include but not limited to:
 All the data use platforms such as Performance review meeting,
Research, Education, service quality improvement, planning
and health resource distribution.
IR status May include but not limited to:
 Information revolution status of woreda health office and health
facilities can be assessed and evaluated regularly to be labeled
as Emerging, Candidate and Model per the score.
IR checklist May include but not limited to:
 Information revolution (IR) checklist defines the key activities
related to health information infrastructure, data quality and
information use. It is used to score IR status of a health
institution.

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Must demonstrate knowledge and skills on:
Competence  Identifying, installing and configuring health software
applications.
 Implementing electronic health information systems.
 Planning and administering electronic and paper based health
information systems.
 Maintaining implemented health information systems
 Monitoring utilization of implemented health information
systems
 Assessing Information revolution status of health institutions
 Performing data quality checks per the standard
 Preparing data for decision making or evidence-based practice.
 Perform supportive supervision and provide feedback on health
information system status.
Required Knowledge Must demonstrate knowledge on:
 Electronic and paper-based health management information
systems.
 Human resource information system.
 DHIS2, LMIS, e-CHIS, MFR and ART software components
and features.
 Understanding electronic medical record system.
 Understanding PHEM and IVR system
 Components, core functionalities, installation and
configuration steps for electronic health information systems

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 
Understand principles of health management information
system.
 Data quality dimensions and assurance techniques
 Information use platforms and guiding principles
 Information revolution road map and assessment checklist.
 Priority setting
 Monitoring and evaluation
Required Skills Must demonstrate skills on:
 Implementing health information systems
 Monitoring and maintaining health information systems
 Install and configure electronic health software applications
 Apply principles of health management information system
 Planning
 Steps of monitoring and evaluation
 Contingency and implementation Risk management
 HMIS, Nutrition and Surveillance data entry, validation and
analysis using DHIS2
 Connecting with Health Net for online DHIS2 data
management
 Data duration using MFR
 Pharmaceutical data capturing and management with LMIS
(APTS, DAGU)
 Maintain Android OS for e-CHIS and provide technical support
to Health extension workers
 Perform Data quality checks (LQAS, RDQA and Medical
record auditing)
 Provide data to decision makers for information use
 Conduct IR status assessment to health institutions.
Resources Implication Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Methods of Assessment Competence may be assessed through:
Written Test
Observation / Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Assessment Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
work place setting.
Occupational Standard: Health Information Technology Level IV
Unit Title Compute Health Care Statistics, Survey and HMIS Indicators
Unit Code HLT HIT4 09 1121
Unit Descriptor This unit of competence covers the kills, knowledge and attitude
required to prepare and interpret basic healthcare statistics, health
survey and compute health management information system
(HMIS) indicators.

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 Elements Performance Criteria
1. Identify variables 1.1. Appropriate variables and datasets are identified.
1.2. All abbreviations, technical terminologies, and data
specifications used in the dataset are explained.
1.3. Required resources, limitations, and assumptions are
identified.
1.4. Data categories are identified
2. Collect Survey, 2.1 Appropriate method of data collections selected.
HMIS and related 2.2 Data collection tools are developed.
data 2.3 Data collection is conducted.
2.4 Basic principles of health survey are applied
3. Organize and Store 3.1 Data is generated organized into categories
data 3.2 Medium of data storage is identified
3.3 Structures and formats for storing and managing data is
established
3.4 Interval for data of categorical nature is provided based on
standards
3.5 Variables in database are organized to suit for required
analysis
4. Analyze and utilize 4.1 Data analysis methods are selected, based on relevance,
health data applicability and resource requirement.
4.2 Data is summarized and analyzed by applying selected
methods.
4.3 Assumptions made and degrees of uncertainty in the data and
information clearly stated.
4.4 Interpret and present health data
4.5 Justifiable conclusions are drawn from analysis.
5. Compute HMIS 5.1. HMIS indicators and data elements are identified
indicators 5.2. Appropriate indicator formula is identified.
5.3. HMIS indicators are calculated and interpreted.
6. Compute Key 6.1 KPIs and data elements for Hospital/Health center are
Performance identified.
indicators 6.2 Appropriate indicator formula is identified.
6.3 KPIs re calculated and interpreted.
7. Compute vital 7.1. Vital statistics and data elements for Hospital/Health center
statistics are identified.
7.2. Appropriate indicator formula is identified.
7.3. Vital statistics are calculated and interpreted.
8. Disseminate and 8.1 Target audiences are identified for dissemination.
Utilize HMIS 8.2 Presentation and dissemination methods suitable for identified
information audiences are selected.
8.3 Information is disseminated according to the needs of

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 audience based on organizational and legal requirements.
8.4 Receipt of output is verified and feedback acknowledged.

Variable Range
Data May include:
 Numbers or text
 Raw, intermediate or processed
 Storage in electronic folders/sub-folders
Categories May include but not limited to:
 Nominal
 Ordinal
 Interval (Discrete, and Continuous)
 Ratio (Discrete, and Continuous)
Ratio, Proportion and Prevalence rate
rate Incidence rate
Morbidity rate
Mortality rate
Analytical methods May include:
 Descriptive analysis (frequency, central tendency, dispersion ,
position ,trend, comparison)
 Performance monitoring
HMIS indicators: May include but not limited to:
 Disease prevalence, incidence, service utilization, patient
census data,
KPIs May include but not limited to:
 Bed-occupancy
 Length of stay
 Mortality
 Morbidity
 Proportion of EHRIG(Ethiopian Health center/Hospital Reform
Implementation Guidelines) operational standards met
 Number of out -patient attendees
 Out-patient waiting time to treatment
Data elements: May include but not limited to:
 HMIS/ KPI/ Vital statistics reportable data, counts, numerators
or denominators used to calculate HMIS indicators.
Vital Statistics May include but not limited to:
 Refers to crucial events in life:
 Births
 Deaths
 Marital status
Type and Source of May include but not limited to:
Information  Textbooks

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  Hospital census data/statistics
 National vital statistics
 Publications and reports
 Specifications and manuals
 HMIS records
 Benchmarks
Data, information and May include but not limited to:
knowledge  Determinants of health
 Health status
 Service delivery data
 Inpatient and outpatient disease data
 Ongoing surveillance and prediction
Measures of central May include but not limited to:
tendency  Frequency distribution-
 Mean
 Median
 Mode
 Standard deviation and
 Variance
Hospital statistics May include but not limited to:
 Bed occupancy rate
 Institutional maternal death
 In-patient death rate
 Hospital census
 Admission rate
 Out-patient attendance per capita
 Case specific morbidity rate
 Case fatality rate
Tools and equipment May include but not limited to:
 Calculator
 Computer
 Medical dictionary
 Health related statistical software’s
 Health Information System Application package
 Record Books

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Must demonstrate knowledge and skills on:
Competence  Created data and information specifications:
 Collected data
 Organized and stored data
 Analyzed data
 Report writing

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  Disseminated and use of information
Required Knowledge Must demonstrate knowledge on:
 Measure of central location and dispersion
 Understanding how to compute HMIS indicators.
 Basic understanding of statistical analysis
 How to calculate and interpret
 Mean,
 Mode,
 Range,
 Variance,
 Standard deviation, and
 Confidence interval
 Preparing tables:
 Graphs and
 Charts
 Accessing: interpreting, applying
 Synthesizing data and information on:
 Community and population view of health
 Relationship between the environment and health
 Reproduction, disability, morbidity, and mortality
 Census data: direct and indirect standardization
 Quantitative and qualitative methodologies to the assessment of
health population, recognizing validity, reliability, and cost-
effectiveness of different methods
 Interpretation of health data
 Analyze data using spreadsheet and database skills
 Framing research questions for the collection and analysis of
data and information about health
 Understand the health sector context for data and information
analysis (e.g. clinical impact, patient safety)
 Data analysis and utilization
 Characteristics of data and information, and the importance of
checking the source documents or data
 Different methods of validating and verifying the quality of
data and information, and how to use them.
 Available Technologies to use data gathering tools to analyze
and clearly present information for relevant work.
 Standards, conventions and templates for analysis
 Presentation methods to display and report data and information
analysis
 Reporting structures that exist within your organization
Required Skills Must demonstrate skills of:
 How to calculate and interpret mean, median, mode, range,

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 variance, standard deviation, and confidence interval
 How to compute and interpret each HMIS indicator
 How to prepare tables, graphs and charts
 Perform basic Application of statistical analysis
 How to Interpret, apply and synthesize data and information
 Interpretation of health data
 Perform data analysis using spreadsheet and database.
 Prepare and submit reports
 conduct survey and communicate to the respective authority
Resources Implication Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Methods of Assessment Competence may be assessed through:
 Interview / Written Test
 Observation / Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Assessment Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
work place setting.

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Occupational Standard: Health Information Technology Level IV
Unit Title Prepare Service Delivery and Disease Reports
Unit Code HLT HIT4 10 1121
Unit Descriptor This unit competence covers the skill, knowledge and attitude
required to prepare service delivery and disease reports by applying
HMIS principles and reporting procedures.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Prepare Service 1.1. Daily service and disease data collecting tools and service
delivery and delivery units are identified.
disease data 1.2. Disease and service delivery data collection from each service
unit is ensured.
1.3. Disease and service delivery compiled data is checked for
completeness and accuracy.
1.4. Outliers, missing values and incomplete records are cleaned.
1.5. Service delivery and disease data compilation and aggregation
per the standard is performed.
2. Generate service 2.1 Appropriate HMIS service and disease report period, org-unit
delivery and and dataset are identified.
disease report 2.2 HMIS service and disease report for specific org-unit, data set
(using DHIS2) and period is generated.
2.3 Actual number of reports checked against expected for
representative report completeness.
2.4 Generated HMIS disease and service report is printed and
downloaded with appropriate format.
3. Document and file 3.1 Copy of prepared reports is saved both soft and hard copies.
service delivery and 3.2 Reported data are retrieved as per the request.
disease report

Variable Range
Service Unit A department or unit where a specific service is given in health
facility.
Org-unit May include but not limited to:
 Regional Health bureau-RHB
 Zonal Health department
 Woreda health Office
 Hospital/Health center/Health post/Clinics
Dataset type May include but not limited to:
 Disease
 HC/Hospital monthly service data set
 HC/Hospital quarterly service data set

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  Annual data set
 Surveillance
Period May include but not limited to:
 Weekly
 Monthly
 Quarterly
 Annual
Representative report It defines the expected number of reports a facility of health
completeness institution submit to higher level in a specific reporting period

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Must demonstrate knowledge and skills on:
Competence  HMIS service delivery and disease data collecting formats
 HMIS service and disease data compilation and aggregation
 Data editing and cleaning
 HMIS service and disease data entry using DHIS2
 Generating HMIS service and Disease report with DHIS2
 Computing representative completeness
 Report Documentation
Required Knowledge Must demonstrate knowledge of:
 Working knowledge of HMIS principles
 Understanding health information flow in the health system
 HMIS indicators with their data sources
 HMIS reporting and recording formats and procedures
 Understanding data validation rules.
 Understanding HMIS data compilation and aggregation
 Principles and techniques of data cleaning
 DHIS2 data entry, validation, generating report features
Required Skills Must demonstrate skills on:
 Performing service and disease data compilation and
aggregation
 Perform data cleaning
 Performing data quality checks (completeness, accuracy and
timeliness of reports)
 Preparing monthly, quarterly and annual HMIS service delivery
and disease reports using DHIS2.
 Sending HMIS disease and service data to the next hierarchy if
deployed offline.
 Receiving reports and generating report aggregation at higher
level.
Resources Implication Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.

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Methods of Assessment Competence may be assessed through:
Written Test
Observation / Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Assessment Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
work place setting.

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Occupational Standard: Health Information Technology Level IV
Unit Title Prepare Disease Surveillance Report
Unit Code HLT HIT4 11 1121
Unit Descriptor This unit competence covers skills, knowledge and attitude
required to collect, analyze and prepare disease surveillance report
by applying basic principles of epidemiology and disease
surveillance.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Apply basic 1.1. Basic Epidemiology and Disease surveillance principles are
principles of identified and
epidemiology and 1.2. Priority diseases and conditions are identified.
disease surveillance 1.3. Disease surveillance data collecting formats are identified as
per the standard.
2. Collect disease 2.1 Types of Disease surveillance data collecting formats are
surveillance data identified based on public health emergency management
(PHEM) reporting procedures.
2.2 PHEM data entry in electronic format using appropriate
software is ensured.
2.3 Surveillance data validations are ensured as per the standard
verification rules.
2.4 Type and Source of Information identified
3. Notify disease 3.1 PHEM reports are delivered and notified on timely bases.
surveillance data 3.2 Epidemic reports are reported promptly
3.3 priority diseases and conditions
3.4 Reports are delivered based on disease threshold criteria.
3.5 PHEM data completeness and accuracy is ensured.
3.6 Notified data verification processes are assisted.
3.7 Steps of an outbreak investigation identified
4. Analyze PHEM data 4.1 Appropriate PHEM indicators are selected.
4.2 Charts are produced per PHEM data analysis standard.
4.3 Produced charts are used for decision making process.
5. Report and 5.1. Report disease surveillance information as per the standard.
Document PHEM 5.2. Soft and hard copies of reported data are saved.
report data 5.3. Reported data is retrieved as per the request and Tools and
equipment identified
5.4. Produced Charts are documented per the archiving procedure

Variable Range
Type and Source of May include but not limited to:
Information  Relevant guidelines, standards and procedures

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  WHO surveillance guidelines
 National PHEM guideline
 Nationally selected list of priority diseases and conditions
 Text books
 Disease surveillance software (PHEM and IVR)
Tools and equipment May include but not limited to:
 Relevant guidelines, standards and procedures
 WHO surveillance guidelines
 National PHEM guideline
 Text books
 Disease surveillance software (PHEM and IVR)

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Must demonstrate knowledge and skills on:
Competence  Surveillance data preparation
 Surveillance data notification
 Surveillance data analysis
 Timely sending surveillance data
 Report dissemination
Required Knowledge Must demonstrate knowledge on:
 Describe descriptive and analytical epidemiology
 Understand the process, uses, and evaluation of public health
surveillance
 Steps of an outbreak investigation
 Describe concepts of surveillance
 Difference between active, passive, and sentinel surveillance
 Surveillance information system recording and reporting tools
 Understand surveillance data analysis
 Identify national selected priority diseases and conditions
Required Skills Must demonstrate skills on:
 Perform steps of early case detection and analysis
 Updated information on disease distribution pattern in the
community.
 Identify signs, symptoms, and minimum case detection
principles of new emerging diseases.
 Explore cross border surveillance issues.
 Prepare and deliver surveillance data report.
 Apply surveillance software.
Resources Implication Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Methods of Assessment Competence may be assessed through:
 Written Test

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  Observation / Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Assessment Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
work place setting.

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Occupational Standard: Health Information Technology Level IV
Unit Title Develop and Query Simple Relational Database

Unit Code HLT HIT4 12 1121

This unit of competence covers the skills, knowledge and Attitude
Unit Descriptor
required developing and querying simple relational database by
applying basic principles and techniques of database design and
maintaining data integrity.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Design simple 1.1 Data characteristics is identified on the basis of user

relational database requirement
1.2 Simple entity relationship diagram is designed
1.3 Database normalization is ensured
1.4 Simple relational database system is designed on the basis of
health data requirement.
2. Develop and use 2.1 Simple relational database is developed.
simple relational 2.2 Queries are written to generate reports from simple relational
database and apply database.
queries 2.3 Report layout is designed on the basis of client’s requirement.
3. Ensure data entry 3.1 User friendly data entry form is designed.
and integrity 3.2 Application of data entry procedure is checked based on
institutional guideline/manual.
3.3 Data is checked for completeness and accuracy.
3.4 Data security, confidentiality and integrity mechanisms are
identified and implemented on the basis of organizational and
database security and confidentiality standards.

Variable Range
Data May include but not limited to:
 Numbers or text or Image, video or audio
 Raw fact or figure
Data characteristics May include but not limited to:
 Data types, field name, field size and field format
Database systems May include but not limited to:
 Health database created for different health issues
 Data warehouse
 Patient/Client record database
 DHIS2,PHEM,EMR,HRIS,eCHIS, LMIS,MFR databases
Queries May include:
 Types of queries and ways to carry them out
 Using simple queries to query data, such as single criteria and

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 ‘sort’
 Saving data retrieved from the database appropriately
 Creating and using multiple queries to extract data
Entering data May include:
 Technologies for entering data into databases
 Accessing database files
 Enter data appropriately, such as to update fields or create new
records
 Dealing appropriately with data that does not fit within pre-set
parameters.
 Saving database files
 Creating fields for entering data with specifying characteristics,
such as field name, type, size and format.
Data entry procedure May include but not limited to:
check  Proofreading
 Accuracy of data
 Outcome of sorting/filtering
 Ensuring instructions with regard to content and format have
been followed
 Timeliness of data entry
 Checking data for completeness, accuracy and security using
automated facilities and on-line help
 Using automated facilities for checking data and reports, such
as spell checking and sorting data
Prescribed policy and May include but not limited to:
 Log-on procedures
procedures
 Password protection
 Storage/location of data
 Standard formats
 Author's instructions
 Use of templates
Storage of data May include but not limited to:
 Storage on hard/flash disk drives, CD ROM, tape backup,
external hard disk
 Organization policy for data backup and storage
 Filing locations
 Security
 Authorized access
 Storage in electronic folders/sub-folders
Sources May include but not limited to:
 Routine, ad-hoc, local, national, individual
 Population based, survey
Tools and equipment May include but not limited to:

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  Computers and accessories
 DBMS software
 DHIS2,PHEM,EMR,HRIS,eCHIS, LMIS,MFR systems
Processing May include:
 Data entry
 Validation
 Production of report
Modifying database May include:
 Modifying databases to meet user requirements
 Modifying field characteristics within a simple (e.g. Single-
table, non-relational) database while maintaining the integrity of
existing data, such as name, type and size
Formatting database May include:
 Technologies for formatting fields and database structures
 Using appropriate tools and Technologies to format data that is
text and numbers
 Formatting reports from simple (e.g. single-table, non-
relational) databases using appropriate tools and Technologies
for page layout, such as page size, page orientation, page
numbering, headers and footers and margins
Type and Source of May include but not limited to:
Information  Organizational rules
 Organizational policies
 Organizational documents, and other secondary sources
 Manufacturer manuals
 Database management textbook
 Database software
 Healthcare data
 Computer

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Must demonstrate knowledge and skills on:
Competence  Analyzed, designed and produced a simple relational database
 Applied simple queries
 Determined and implement database backup and recovery
methods
 Ensured entry, Integrity, security and confidentiality of data.
Required Knowledge Must demonstrate knowledge of:
 Designing entity relationship diagram
 Efficient input of data with minimal duplication of datasets
 Function and features of data types and data structures
 Encryption and authentication as they apply to database security

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 features
 Current legislation, policies, procedures, codes of practice and
guidelines in relation to information Technology
 e-health systems (DHIS2,PHEM,EMR,HRIS,eCHIS,
LMIS,MFR)
 Health sector context for data and information processing (e.g.
clinical impact, patient safety issues)
 Professional codes of ethics in your area of practice
 Audience requirements for data and information
 Identify the characteristics of data and information
 Structure of data and information
 Understanding of the purpose for which the data and
information is intended
 Standards, conventions and templates for analysis
 Importance of checking the sources of data and information
 Different types of data and information sources
 Appropriate methods of data and information collection
 Various tools and Technologies for data and information
collection in your area of practice
 Nature and sources of the data and information to be collected
 Importance of backing up data and good housekeeping of data
 Validation principles for the data and information in question
 Importance of the quality of data and information (including
timeliness, accuracy, completeness, appropriate for purpose and
accessibility)
Required Skills Must demonstrate skills on:
 Designing entity relationship diagram
 Syntax and data manipulation languages in relation to creating
simple queries using simple formula
 Creating primary and foreign keys
 Developing data model and maintain integrity
 Efficient input of data with minimal duplication of datasets
 Utilizing access and SQL database engines
 Backing up and good housekeeping of data
 Data and information collection process.
Resources Implication Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.

Methods of Assessment Competence may be assessed through:

 Interview / Written Test
 Observation / Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Assessment Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
work place setting.

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Occupational Standard: Health Information Technology Level IV
Unit Title Administer Database Back-Up and Recovery
Unit Code HLT HIT4 13 1121
Unit Descriptor This unit of competence defines the skills and knowledge required
to administer health information systems databases and perform
Back-up and recovery database operations.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Administer health 1.1 Health information system with database engine as backend
information system is identified.
databases 1.2 Components of system software, database engines and
instances are identified.
1.3 Tools are identified and utilized to administer database.
1.4 Appropriate methods for back-up and recovery are
determined.
1.5 Users with appropriate roles to manipulate the data and the
database scheme are created and managed.
1.6 Data management tasks are performed.
1.7 Risks and failure scenarios that are likely or possibly are
identified and examined.
2. Perform database 2.1 Appropriate method for database backup is identified.
backup with 2.2 Appropriate database backup method is configured.
appropriate method 2.3 Identified backup method is implemented.
2.4 Implementation of backup data security standards is ensured.
2.5 Appropriate database back up storage media is identified.
2.6 Database back-ups according to organizational and security
standards with minimal down time is performed.
2.7 Database backup is kept per the organization’s data security
standards
3. Establish disaster 3.1 Database recovery points based on the back-up arrangements
recovery points/ according to organizational guidelines is determined.
procedures 3.2 The restoration process tested to ensure that the database can
be restored to a given recovery point.
3.3 Disk mirroring and redundant array of inexpensive disks
(RAID) hard disk configurations to keep copies of files are
employed.
3.4 Off-site copies of back-up file are arranged based
institutional agreement.
3.5 Availability of Storage media/devices for database backup is
ensured.
4. Perform database 4.1 Database recovery point is identified.
backup restoration 4.2 Database recovery is performed per the organizational policy

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 and procedure.
4.3 Complete the restoration of the database to the point of
failure, without loss of committed transactions.

Variable Range
System software May include but is not limited to:
 Operating system: Novell NetWare 5 or above or operating
system that has multi-user ability; Linux, Mac OS, Android OS,
Windows 7or above.
Database engines May include but is not limited to:
 Database software: Oracle, Sybase, Microsoft SQL server,
Microsoft Access, My SQL, PostgreSQL, H2,
MongoDB,SQLite
 Configuration: small memory model, Very large memory
model, requests per second.
Database May include but are not limited to:
 Relational databases Object-relational databases
 Proprietary databases, commercial off the shelf (COTS)
database packages.
 Open source database engines
Storage media for data May involve:
back-up  Single or multiple tape units or DVD or CD back-up or external
hard disk to more comprehensive and complex back-up
facilities across the network or the internet.
Organizational Personal use of emails and internet access, content of emails,
guidelines downloading information and accessing particular websites,
opening mail with attachments, virus risk, dispute resolution,
document process and templates, communication methods and
financial control mechanisms
Standards May include:
 ISO/IEEE standards Organizational standards
 Project standards
 Health IT standards
Data security standard May include but not limited to:
 An information security standard for health organization to
handle and protect data.

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Must demonstrate knowledge and skills to:
Competence  To administer database
 Implement back-up with data security principles and procedure
 Apply disaster recovery procedures

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  Minimize business disruption during backup and recovery
 Introducing contingency plan when required.
 Identify different types of database engines.
 Identification and use of storage media/devices
Required Knowledge Must demonstrate knowledge on:
 knowledge of structured query language
 knowledge of database administration
 Basic knowledge of tuning/query optimization methodologies
 General knowledge of design, creation and administering
databases
 Broad knowledge of diagnostic tools for database and storage
media
 Detailed knowledge of back-up methods
 Detailed knowledge disaster recovery plan & management
 Detailed knowledge of database security mechanisms
Required Skills Must demonstrate skills of:
 Administering data base system, back-up and recovery
procedures
 Prepare and execute querying database.
 Performing Risk Analysis in relation to data security.
 Preparing plan for database disaster recovery management
 Performing data management tasks.
 Report writing on database administration, backup and recovery
activities
 Problem solving in database administration Execute back-up
and restore database operations.
 Identifying, analyzing and evaluating back-up and recovery
strategies
 Applying principles of disaster recovery management.
Resources Implication Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Methods of Assessment Competence may be assessed through:
 Written Test
 Observation / Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Assessment Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
work place setting.

Occupational Standard: Health Information Technology Level IV

Unit Title Perform Computer Maintenance and Networking
Unit Code HLT HIT4 14 1121

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 This unit of competence covers the skills, knowledge and attitude
Unit Descriptor
required to perform basic computer maintenance, troubleshooting
and networking.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Perform hardware 1.1 Basic computer hardware and peripheral devices are
and software identified.
installation 1.2 Basic computers hardware and peripherals are properly
assembled.
1.3 Operating Systems , Application software and utility program
are installed and configured
1.4 Proper functionalities of assembling and installation of
computers is ensured.
2. Perform Preventive 2.1 Basic health and safety procedures are ensured to perform
hardware and preventive computer maintenance.
software 2.2 Preventive computer hardware and peripheral devices
Maintenance maintenance is performed on regular basis.
2.3 Appropriate anti-virus software is installed, utilized and
updated regularly.
2.4 Proper firewall configuration and virus protection ensured
2.5 Physical security measures for computers and accessories are
implemented.
3. Apply basic 3.1 Computer troubleshooting diagnostic procedures and tools
troubleshooting are identified.
techniques for 3.2 Appropriate diagnostic and troubleshooting procedural order
maintenance is followed.
3.3 Appropriate troubleshooting technique is implemented based
on the diagnostic result.
3.4 Hardware and software are maintained based on findings of
troubleshooting/diagnostic results.
4. Perform basic 4.1 Computer network devices and tools are identified.
computer 4.2 Assessment and designing for computer networking is
networking performed.
4.3 Utilization of proper cabling technique is ensured.
4.4 Appropriate computer network configuration is
performed;wireless and wired
4.5 Install and manage server operating system
4.6 Implement and maintain health net
4.7 Computer network connectivity is ensured.

Variable Range
Hardware May include but not limited to:

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  Computer
 Mouse
 Power supply
 Storage devices
 UPS
 Input devices
 Printer
 Switch
 Hub
 Router
 RJ 45
 Wireless access point
 Network cable
 Network toolkits
 Computer maintenance toolkits
Software May include but not limited to:
 System Software (Operating System, Utility Programs)
 Application software
Safety procedure May include but not limited to:
 Safety policies, guidelines
 Safety standards
Network May include but not limited to:
 Peer to peer
 LAN
 WAN
 Ad hoc network
 VLAN
 VPN
 Network topologies

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Must demonstrate knowledge and skills to:
Competence  Perform hardware and software installation
 Undertake hardware and software maintenance
 Perform troubleshooting
 Configure wired and wireless networks
 Design, implement and maintain computer networks
Required Knowledge Must demonstrate knowledge of:
 Computer hardware
 Application software
 Operating systems, type, configuration, installation and testing
 Utility software

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  Current industry-accepted hardware and software products
 Basiccomputer maintenance approaches/techniques
 Network protocols
 Network hardware components and tools
 Network topology
 Troubleshooting system components
 Network and computer diagnostic procedures
 Organizational guidelines and organizational requirements with
regard to safety, recycling and component installation
 System's diagnostic software
 Vendor specifications and requirements for component
installation.
 System's current functionality
 Features of system under modification
 Anti-virus installation, configuration and computer scanning
Required Skills Must demonstrate skills to:
 Perform basic computer and network maintenance
 Install and configure hardware components and software
 Design, install and configure local area network; wired and
wireless
 Perform basic diagnosis and troubleshooting
 Interpret technical computer installation manuals
 Interpret user manuals and help functions
 Install and configure operating system including server
 Testhardware components using available technology
 Test system performance
 Write technical reports and maintain records
Resources Implication Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Methods of Assessment Competence may be assessed through:
 Interview / Written Test
 Observation / Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Assessment Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
work place setting.

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Occupational Standard: Health Information Technology Level IV
Unit Title Apply First Aid and Emergency Response
Unit Code HLT HIT4 15 1121
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitude required to
recognize and respond to life threatening emergencies using basic
life support, provide first aid response, management of
casualty(s), the incident and other first aiders, until the arrival of
medical or other assistance.

Element Performance Criteria

1. Assess and identify 1.1. Basic principles of first aid are addressed

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 client’s condition. 1.2. Hazards in the situation that may pose a risk of injury or
illness to self and others are identified, assessed and
minimized
1.3. Immediate risk to self and casualty's health and safety is
minimized by controlling any hazard in accordance with
work health and safety requirements
1.4. Emergency situation is recognized and hazards to health and
safety of self and others are identified
1.5. Vital signs and state of consciousness are checked and
monitored in accordance with guidelines.
1.6. History of the event is obtained.
1.7. Safety equipment and aids required for emergencies are
selected, used, maintained and stored in good order
1.8. Options for action in cases of emergency are identified and
evaluated
1.9. Organizational emergency procedures and policies are
correctly implemented
1.10. Occupational health and safety procedures and safe
working practices are applied
2. Provide first aid 2.1. Communication style to match the casualty’s level of
service consciousness is adopted
2.2. Available resources and equipment are used to make the
casualty as comfortable as possible
2.3. Basic ABCDE rules of life are applied.
2.4. The casualty is responded to in a culturally aware, sensitive
and respectful manner
2.5. Relevant first aid procedures are determined and explained to
provide comfort
2.6. Consent is sought from casualty prior to applying first aid
management
2.7. First aid management is provided in accordance with
established first aid principles and procedures
2.8. Clinical first aid equipment are correctly operated as required
for client management according to manufacturer/supplier’s
instructions and procedures
2.9. Client care techniques are implemented in accordance with
procedures and techniques applicable to standards.
2.10. Safe manual handling techniques are used consistently
2.11. Casualty's condition is monitored and responded in
accordance with established first aid principles and
procedures
2.12. Casualty management is finalized according to casualty’s
needs and first aid principles

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 3.1. Options for action in cases of emergency and group control
3. Prepare, evaluate
strategies for evacuation are identified
and act in an
3.2. Occupational health and safety procedures and policies are
emergency
correctly implemented
3.3. Clients and other individuals are removed from danger.
3.4. Assessed and evaluated potential hazards are reported and
documented.
4.Communicate details 4.1. First aid assistance from others is sought in a timely manner
of the incident and as appropriate
4.2. Ambulance support and/or appropriate medical assistance
are/is requested according to circumstances
4.3. Observation of casualty's condition and management
activities accurately is conveyed to ambulance
services/relieving personnel
4.4. A communication style is adopted to match the casualty's
level of consciousness
4.5. Details of casualty’s physical condition, changes in
condition, management and responses are accurately assessed
and reported to management in line with established
procedures
4.6. Confidentiality of records and information is maintained in
line with privacy principles and statutory and/or organization
policies
5.Refer client requiring 5.1. Relevant client history is documented according to standard
further care guidelines.
5.2. Documentation for referral procedures is ensured.
5.3. Appropriate information to individuals involved in referral is
conveyed to facilitate understanding and optimal care.
5.4. Maintain client care until responsibility is taken over by staff
of the receiving health institutions during referral.
5.5. Client confidentiality is maintained at all times and levels.
6. Evaluate own 6.1. Feedback is sought from appropriate clinical expert
performance 6.2. The possible psychological impacts on rescuers involved in
critical incidents is recognized
6.3. Participation is done in debriefing/evaluation to improve
future response and address individual needs

Variable Range
Hazards May include, but not limited to:
 Source or situation with the potential for harm in terms of
human injury or ill-health, damage to property, the
environment, or a combination of these.
 Relevant hazards may be classified under the headings:

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  biological hazards
 chemical hazards
 physical hazards
Risk May include, but not limited to:
 Environmental risks
 Exposure to blood and other body substances
 Risks associated with the proximity of other workers and
bystanders
 Risks from body position
 Risks from equipment, machinery and substances
 Risks from vehicles
 Risks from first aid equipment
 Risk of further injury to the casualty
Vital signs May include, but not limited to:
 Blood pressure , pulse rate, respiratory rate and
temperature, RBS
History of the event Includes present history and may be elicited from:
 Client
 Bystander
 Primary care givers
 Medical (health) personnel
 Evidence at the sight
Resources and equipment May include, but not limited to:
 AED (if available)
 Bronchodilator and spacer
 First aid kit
 Resuscitation bag and mask
Basic ABCDE rules  Air way, breathing, circulation, Disability and
Exposure
Establishing first aid Must include:
principles and procedures  Airway management
 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
 Control severe bleeding
 Provide assistance with self-administered medications, such
as insulin, bronchodilator
 Care of the unconscious person such as: hypoglycemia
 Prevent hypothermia
Client management Will need to take into account:
 Location and nature of incident
 Environmental conditions
Casualty's condition Must include, but is not limited to:
 Severe bleeding
 Unresponsive

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  Unstable vital sign
 Airway obstruction
 Severe allergic reaction
 Choking
 Abdominal injuries
 Burns – thermal, chemical, inhalational, electrical
 Cardiac arrest
 Chest pain
 Drowning
 Envenomation – snake, spider, insect and marine bites and
stings
 Environmental impact such as hypothermia, hyperthermia,
dehydration, heat stroke
 Injuries: cold and crush injuries; eye and ear injuries; head,
neck and spinal injuries; chest injuries, minor skin injuries;
needle stick injuries; soft tissue injuries including sprains,
strains, dislocations, fractures
 Medical conditions, including
 cardiac emergencies,
 epilepsy,
 diabetes,
 asthma,
 shock,
 stroke and
 other respiratory conditions
 Poisoning and toxic substances (including chemical
contamination)
 Substance misuse – common drugs and alcohol, including
illicit drugs
Relevant client history Includes:
 Pre-existing conditions
 Allergies
 Current medication or treatment etc…
Documentation May include, but not limited to:
 Incident reports
 Referral reports and Case management records
Appropriate clinical May include, but not limited to:
expert  Ambulance officer/paramedic
 Appropriately qualified health care professional

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Demonstrate knowledge and skills to:
Competence  Explain essential knowledge across the range outlined to

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 confirm physical health status
 Perform initial checkup, provide basic care and meet
referral decision
 Apply OHS standard requirements and codes of practice.
 Demonstrate first aid knowledge and skills in line with
guidelines
 Perform first aid procedures
 practice first aid skills using prepared and improvised
materials
 Implement hazard identification, assessment and control.
 Deal with contingencies
 Communicate with others
Required Knowledge and Demonstrate knowledge of:
Attitude  Awareness of stress management techniques and available
support
 Basic anatomy and physiology related to first aid and
emergency response
 Absence of:
 normal breathing
 response/consciousness:
 choking/airway obstruction
 severe bleeding
 shock
 chain of survival
 duty of care requirements
 Procedures and equipment used for basic life support, as
specified within authorized limits
 First aid techniques
 Evaluation of client psychology
 Use of safe working practices.
 Emergency network
 Evacuation procedures.
 OHS standard requirements and codes of practice
 Organizational and legal policies and procedures in the
event of an accident/incident.
 Local call out procedures to access emergency services
personnel.
 Practical first aid skills using prepared and improvised
materials.
 Hazard identification, assessment and control of
emergencies
 First aid procedures for:
 airway management

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  bleeding control
 casualty that is unresponsive/unconscious and not
breathing normally
 chest pain
 infection control as it relates to standard precautions
 respiratory distress, including asthma
 severe allergic reaction
 shock
 How to access emergency response support
services/personnel
 Need to be culturally aware, sensitive and respectful
 Own skills and limitations
 Privacy and confidentiality requirements
 Relevant workplace hazards
 Understanding of the use of an Automated External
Defibrillator (AED), including when to use and when not to
First aid management, based on a risk assessment relevant
to the workplace or community setting of:
Social / legal issues including:
 duty of care
 confidentiality
 importance of debriefing
 need to be culturally aware, sensitive and respectful
 own skills and limitations
Understanding of:
 basic work health and safety requirements in the
provision of first aid
 basic principles and concepts underlying the practice of
first aid
 chain of survival
 infection control principles and procedures, including
use of standard precautions
 priorities of management in first aid when dealing with
life threatening conditions
 procedures for dealing with major and minor injury and
illness
 The use of an Automated External Defibrillator (AED),
including when to use and when not to use
 The causes of asphyxia due to body position
Required Skills Demonstrate skills to:
 Communicate effectively and assertively in an incident
 Assess vital signs and response of casualty
 Make initial client checkup and use of safe working

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 practices
 Apply first aid principles
 Provide first aid service
 Implement basic client care procedures
 Refer client requiring further care
 Perform emergency network.
 Handle evacuation procedures.
 Ensure legal responsibilities and Duty of Care.
 Use communication skills and equipment
 Apply local call out procedures to access emergency
services personnel.
 Practice first aid skills using prepared and improvised
materials.
 Undertake hazard identification, assessment and control.
 Call an ambulance and/or medical assistance according to
relevant circumstances and report casualty(s) condition
 Demonstrate management of:
 Anaphylaxis using adrenalin
 Airway opening techniques
 Choking management
 Avoiding asphyxia due to body position
 Bronchospasm using bronchodilator and spacer device
 Cardiac arrest using single or two rescuer procedure,
including the demonstration of a seamless changeover
between operators
 External hemorrhage
 Fractures, sprains and strains using arm slings, roller
bandages and other appropriate immobilization
techniques
 Unconscious casualty including using a recovery
position
 Demonstrate:
 ability to call an ambulance
 consideration of the welfare of the casualty
 safe manual handling
 site management to prevent further injury
 understanding of causes contributing to asphyxia due to
body position
 Demonstrate correct procedures for airway opening
 Demonstrate proper management of choking
 Demonstrate correct procedures for performing CPR using
a manikin, including standard precautions
 Demonstrate infection control, including use of standard

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 precautions
 Evaluate own response and identify appropriate
improvements where required
 Make prompt and appropriate decisions relating to
managing an incident in the workplace
 Plan an appropriate first aid response in line with
established first aid principles,
 Report details of emergency incident and first aid provided
 Provide assistance with self-medication as per subject’s
own
 Call an ambulance and/or medical assistance, according to
circumstances and report casualty's condition
 Demonstrate first aid for mass casualty management
principles:
 assess and minimize danger
 check for response
 maintain casualty's airway, breathing and circulation
 Demonstrate:
 consideration of the welfare of the casualty
 control of external bleeding
 correct procedures for CPR on a resuscitation manikin
 implementation of standard precautions
 safe manual handling of casualty
 Identify and minimize hazards to health and safety of self
and others in the immediate workplace or community
environment
Resources Implication Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Methods of Assessment Competence may be assessed through:
 Interview/Written Test
 Observation/Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Assessment Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a
simulated work place setting.

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Occupational Standard: HIT Level VI
Unit Title Apply Infection Prevention Techniques and Workplace OHS
Unit Code HLT HIT 16 1121
Unit Descriptor This unit covers knowledge, skills and attitude required for workers to
comply with infection control policies and procedures. All procedures
must be carried out in accordance with current infection control
guidelines to ensure the workplace is safe and without risks to the health
of employees, clients and/or visitors.

Element Performance Criteria

1. Apply infection 1.1. Basic components of disease transmission are
prevention identified
techniques 1.2. Essential elements of infection prevention are
implemented
1.3. Universal and standard precaution are applied

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 1.4. The application of additional precautions is demonstrated when
standard precautions alone may not be sufficient to prevent
transmission of infection
1.5. Contamination of materials, equipment and instruments is
minimized by aerosols and splatter
1.6. Instrument processing is performed
1.7. Infectious/hazardous waste materials are safely disposed according
to waste management policies and procedures (3S'si.e sort, shine
and set in order)
1.8. Personal protective barriers are prepared and used
1.9. Proper hand washing techniques are applied
2. Establish and 2.1 Appropriate participative processes are established and maintained
maintain in accordance with OHS legislation, regulations and industry
participative standards
arrangements 2.2 Issues raised through participation and consultation are dealt with
promptly and effectively
2.3 Information to employees about the outcomes of participation and
consultation is provided in a manner accessible to employees.
2.4 Systems are established and monitored for keeping OHS records
to meet regulatory requirements, allow identification of patterns of
hazardous incidents, occupational injuries and diseases within the
area of managerial responsibility.
3. Assess and control 3.1. Organizational procedures for hazard identification, assessment
risks and hazards and control of risks are developed.
3.2. Identification of all hazards is made at the planning, design and
evaluation stages of any changes in the workplace
3.3. Procedures for selection and implementation of risk control
measures are developed and maintained in accordance with the
hierarchy of control.
3.4. Inadequacies in existing risk control measures are identified in
accordance with the hierarchy of control and provide promptly
resources enabling implementation of new measures.
3.5. Protocols are followed for care following exposure to blood or
other body fluids as required
4. Limit 4.1 Clean and contaminated zones are demarcated and maintained in
contamination all aspects of health care work
4.2 Records, materials and medicaments are confined to a well-
designated clean zone
4.3 Contaminated instruments and equipment are confined to a well-

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 designated contaminated zone
5.1. Personal protective clothing and equipment are worn
5. Clean
during cleaning procedures
environmental
5.2. All dust, dirt and physical debris are removed from
surfaces
work surfaces
5.3. All work surfaces are cleaned with a neutral detergent
and warm water solution before and after each
session or when visibly soiled
5.4. All work surfaces are dried before and after use
5.5. Surface covers are replaced where applicable
5.6. Cleaning equipment are maintained and stored

Variable Range
Infection prevention May include, but not limited to:
 Hand washing
 Personal protective barriers
 Proper handling of sharp items
 Proper processing of instruments and materials
 Environmental cleanliness
 Proper infectious-waste disposal
 Aseptic technique
Additional precautions May include, but not limited to:
 Special ventilation requirements
 Additional use of PPE
 Dedicated equipment (e.g. to each client or as appropriate to work
function)
 Use of a special facility
Standard precautions May include, but not limited to:
 Aseptic technique
 Personal hygiene practices especially washing and drying hands (e.g.
before and after client contact)
 Use of PPE
 Techniques to limit contamination
 Surface cleaning and management of blood and body fluid spills
 Safe handling of sharps
 Safe disposal of sharps and other clinical waste
 Appropriate reprocessing and storage of reusable instruments
Minimizing May include, but is not limited to:
contamination  Protecting materials, equipment and instruments from contamination
until required for use
 Ensuring instruments used for invasive procedures are sterile at time
of use
 Cleaning all environmental surfaces

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Participative May include, but not limited to:
Processes  Regular information sessions (using clear and understandable
language) on existing or new OHS issues
 Formal and informal OHS meetings
 Meetings called by OHS representatives
 Health and safety committees
 Other committees such as consultative planning and purchasing
 Other means and processes for raising requests and concerns as well
as contributing suggestions and reports to management
 Documented issue resolution processes
 Easy access to relevant written workplace information
OHS records May include, but not limited to:
 Audit and inspection reports
 Agendas and minutes of meetings of OHS Committees, work group
and management meetings
 Training records
 Manufacturer's or supplier's information
 Hazardous substances registers
 Plant and equipment maintenance and testing reports
 Workers compensation and rehabilitation records
 First aid/medical records
 Workplace environmental monitoring records
Organizational May include, but not limited to:
Procedures  Hazard management policies and procedures (these may be
integrated with quality, care or other documents or be separated as
OHS policies and procedures).
 Communication, consultation and issue resolution procedures
 Human resources management procedures such as grievance
procedures, induction programs, team meetings, management of
performance levels
 Job procedures and work instructions
 Post incident/injury management such as first aid, critical incident
debriefing, compensation and return to work
 Other related procedures including waste management, security
Hazard Is defined as:
 something with the potential to:
 cause injury or disease to people,
 damage property
 Disrupt productivity.

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Must demonstrate knowledge and skill on:
Competence  Communication and persuasion knowledge and skill on infection

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 prevention
 Developing, implementing and maintaining organizational OHS
policies and procedures
 Managing and controlling risks and hazards
 Listening and responding quickly
 Techniques of infection prevention
Required Knowledge Must demonstrate knowledge on:
and Attitude  Techniques of infection prevention
 Chain of disease transmission
 Universal precaution and standard precaution
 Understanding and interpreting relevant laws and guidelines that
affect the operation
 Working with risk assessment and/or other technical specialists in a
team environment
 Risk control strategies
 Collecting and analyzing data from the workplace
 Problem Solving
Required Skills Must demonstrate skills to:
 Apply techniques of infection prevention
 Apply proper hand washing techniques
 Apply proper instrument processing techniques
 Identify potential risks and hazards and manage timely
 Communicate and persuade employees, officials and stakeholders
 Listen and take appropriate prompt measure
 Plan, organize, implement and monitor work place OHS Activities
 Manage, analyze and interpret data
Resource Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations, including
Implications work areas, materials and equipment, and to information on workplace
practices and OHS practices.
Methods of Competence may be assessed through:
Assessment  Interview/Written Test
 Observation/Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated work
Assessment place setting.

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Occupational Standard: HIT Level VI
Unit Title Perform Community Mobilization and Provide Health
Education
Unit Code HLT HIT4 17 1121
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitude required to
undertake health education, advocacy and community mobilization
on identified health issues.

Element Performance Criteria

1. Conduct health 1.1. Assessment and gap identification activities are performed
education and according to organizational manual
communication 1.2. Community and all available resources are organized as per
content requirement
1.3. Target group identification is done according to
organizational guideline
1.4. Health education plan is prepared as per the requirements of
target group organizational guideline.
1.5. Methods and approaches of health communication are
designed according to organizational manual
1.6. Health education service is provided as per the requirements
of target group
1.7. Monitoring of service utilization and evaluation of
behavioral change are noted in accordance with organizational
manual
1.8. Strategies for internal and external dissemination of
information are developed, promoted, implemented and
reviewed as required in accordance with workplace guideline
1.9. Work related network and relationship are maintained as
necessary.
1.10. Different approaches are used to meet communication needs
of clients and community.
2. Train model families 2.1. Better performing in mom to mom groups in their day today
activity is identified
2.2. Space and time for training are established with consultation
of appropriate personnel and community representatives
2.3. Necessary resources are identified and collected as per the
training plan
2.4. Training is provided according to MOH guideline
2.5. Correct and faulty posture in different activities is explained.
2.6. Follow up and monitoring are carried out in accordance
with workplace guideline
2.7. Well performing model household is evaluated and certified
in accordance with workplace guideline

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3. Plan and Undertake 3.1. Advocacy plan is prepared to address an identified health
advocacy on identified issues as per organizational work guideline
health issues 3.2. Community representatives are consulted to determine
current health needs and priorities.
3.3. Influential community representatives and health
development armies are identified and consulted to disseminate
IEC-BCC activities
3.4. Continuous advocacy services are organized and provided in
partnership with the stakeholders
3.5. Feedback from community consultation and advocacy is
used as a basis for planning
3.6. Developmental and acquired Spinal health problems are
identified
3.7. Prevention methods of spinal problems are explained

Variable Range
Stakeholders May include, but not limited to:
 Bodies taking part in the activities, like:
 Schools
 Agriculture sector
 Women’s association
 Youth association
 Development partners
 Local NGO
 Religion organizations
Community mobilization May include, but not limited to:
 Sensitization/awareness
 Discussion
 Steering group
 Community representative
 Campaign
 Community conversation
 Community involvement in planning and implementation
Different activities May include, but not limited to:
 Lifting
 Pulling
 Carrying books and others
 Sitting
 Standing
 Sleeping
 Reading
 Typing
 Phone communication

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  Watching
 Breast feeding position
Developmental and May include, but not limited to:
acquired spinal health  Scoliosis
problems  Exaggerated lordships
 Exaggerated kyphosis
 Degenerative disc diseases
 Degenerative spine diseases

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Demonstrate knowledge and skills to:
Competence  Communicate and convince the community and decision
makers
 Work with decision makers, community health development
armies and volunteers
 Mobilize and solve an identified community health issues
including spinal health and posture.
 Disseminate relevant health information to address
community needs
 Adopt relevant communication techniques and strategies
 Demonstrate effective communication skill
Required Knowledge and Must demonstrate knowledge on:
Attitude  Behavioral change models
 Advocacy and community mobilization
 Local community traditions, values, cultural beliefs and
expectations
 Relevant policies, laws and regulations, workplace norms,
procedures, programs, guidelines and professional ethics for
advocacy and community mobilization
 Major health problems in the community
 Different activities that can affect spinal health.
 Corrective methods for spinal problems
 Decision and community perceptions on health issues
 Planning, implementation and evaluation of advocacy and
community mobilization
 Adopting relevant communication techniques and strategies
Required Skills Must demonstrate skills on:
 Plan and manage Maternal, Neonatal and child health
Demonstrate skills to:
 Communicate, advocate and persuade community on
identified health issues
 develop supportive social networks and forming strong
coalitions and joint ventures

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  Mobilize community on the identified health issues
 Demonstrate effective communication skill
 Demonstrate of listening skills, negotiation skills
 Conduct meetings, writing and reporting results
 Adopt relevant communication techniques and strategies
 Demonstrate correct and faulty posture in the community.
Resource The following resources must be provided:
Requirements  Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Methods of Assessment Competence may be assessed through:
Interview/Written Test
 Observation/Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Assessment Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
work place setting.

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 Occupational Standard: Health Information Technology Level IV
Unit Title Manage Community Health Service
Unit Code HLT HIT4 18 0721
Unit Descriptor This unit describes the knowledge, skills and attitude required to
manage health service of the area to improve quality of service

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Follow 1.1. The policy and organization of the health care system of
organizational Ethiopia is comprehended
guidelines, 1.2. Primary healthcare in Ethiopia is understood
understand health 1.3. Elements of primary health care are identified
policy and service 1.4. Health service extension program is understood
delivery system 1.5. Workplace instructions and policies are followed.
1.6. Organizational programs and procedures are supported within
the job role.
1.7. Organizational resources are used for the purpose intended.
2. Plan, manage, 2.1. Management skills required to bring about efficient health care
monitor and system are dealt with
evaluate health 2.2. Health programs are planned
system 2.3. Resources for health care are managed
2.4. Individual and team capacity is developed
2.5. Issues raised through participation and consultation are
resolved promptly and effectively
2.6. Health service monitoring and evaluation mechanisms are
developed
3. Lead and build 3.1. Self-improvement areas are identified based on individual’s
individual’s and self-performance evaluation.
team’s capacity 3.2. Learning and development needs are systematically identified
and implemented in line with organizational requirements
3.3. Learning and development program goals and objectives are
identified to match the specific knowledge and skills
requirements of competence standards
3.4. Workplace learning opportunities and coaching/ mentoring are
provided to facilitate individual and team achievement of
competencies
3.5. Joint action plans are developed by team and individuals.
3.6. Duties and responsibilities are allocated based on the skills,
knowledge and aptitude required to properly undertake the
assigned task as well as considering individual’s preference,
3.7. Collaborative efforts are made to attain organizational goals
3.8. Feedback from individuals or teams is used to identify
challenges, develop interventional strategies, and implement

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 them to bring about improvement
Variable Range
Health service Is defined as service provided to the community to:
 promote health and prevent disease
 cure illness

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Demonstrate knowledge and skills to:
Competence  Describe national health care policy
 Describe primary Health Care
 Plan and manage health extension service
 Plan and manage individuals and teams
 Apply principles of health care ethics
Required Knowledge Demonstrate knowledge of:
and Attitudes  National and local health goals, targets and priorities
 Evidence-based practice
 Equity issues in population health
 Basic principles of leadership
 Principles of health care ethics
Required Skills Demonstrate skills to:
 Plan and manage health extension service
 Manage resources
 Build capacity of teams and individuals
Resources Implication Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Methods of Assessment Competence may be assessed through:
 Interview/Written Test
 Observation/Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Assessment Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
work place setting.

Element Performance Criteria

1. Prepare for 1.1. Work instructions are used to determine job requirements,
work. including method, material and equipment.
1.2. Job specifications are read and interpreted following working
manual.
1.3. OHS requirements, including dust and fume collection,
breathing apparatus and eye and ear personal protection needs
are observed throughout the work.
1.4. Appropriate material is selected for work.
1.5. Safety equipment and tools are identified and checked for safe
and effective operation.

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2. Identify MUDA 2.1 Plan of MUDA and problem identification is prepared and
and problem implemented.
2.2 Causes and effects of MUDA are discussed.
2.3 All possible problems related to the process /Kaizen elements are
listed using statistical tools and techniques.
2.4 All possible problems related to kaizen elements are identified
2.5 are used to draw and analyze current and listed on Visual
Management Board/Kaizen Board.
2.6 Tools and techniques situation of the work place.
2.7 Wastes/MUDA are identified and measured based on relevant
procedures.
2.8 Identified and measured wastes are reported to relevant
personnel.
3. Analyze causes 3.1 All possible causes of a problem are listed.
of a problem. 3.2 Cause relationships are analyzed using4M1E.
3.3 Causes of the problems are identified.
3.4 The root cause which is most directly related to the problem is
selected.
3.5 All possible ways are listed using creative idea generation to
eliminate the most critical root cause.
3.6 The suggested solutions are carefully tested and evaluated for
potential complications.
3.7 Detailed summaries of the action plan are prepared to implement
the suggested solution.
4. Eliminate 4.1. Plan of MUDA elimination is prepared and implemented by
MUDA and medium KPT members.
Assess 4.2. Necessary attitude and the ten basic principles for improvement
effectiveness of are adopted to eliminate waste/MUDA.
the solution. 4.3. Tools and techniques are used to eliminate wastes/MUDA based
on the procedures and OHS.
4.4. Wastes/MUDA are reduced and eliminated in accordance with
OHS and organizational requirements.
4.5. Tangible and intangible results are identified.
4.6. Tangible results are compared with targets using various types of
diagrams.
4.7. Improvements gained by elimination of waste/MUDA are
reported to relevant bodies.
5. Prevent 5.1. Plan of MUDA prevention is prepared and implemented.
occurrence of 5.2. Standards required for machines, operations, defining normal and
wastes and abnormal conditions, clerical procedures and procurement are
sustain discussed and prepared.
operation. 5.3. Occurrences of wastes/MUDA are prevented by using visual and
auditory control methods.

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 5.4. Waste-free workplace is created using 5W and 1Hsheet.
5.5. The completion of required operation is done in accordance with
standard procedures and practices.
5.6. The updating of standard procedures and practices is facilitated.
5.7. The capability of the work team that aligns with the requirements
of the procedure is ensured and trained on the new Standard
Operating Procedures (SOPs).

Variable Range
OHS requirements May include, but not limited to:
 Are to be in accordance with legislation/ regulations/codes of
practice and enterprise safety policies and procedures. This may
include protective clothing and equipment, use of tooling and
equipment, workplace environment and safety, handling of material,
use of firefighting equipment, enterprise first aid, hazard control
and hazardous materials and substances.
 PPE are to include that prescribed under
legislation/regulations/codes of practice and workplace policies and
practices.
 Safe operating procedures are to include, but are not limited to the
conduct of operational risk assessment and treatments associated
with workplace organization.
 Emergency procedures related to this unit are to include but may
not be limited to emergency shutdown and stopping of equipment,
extinguishing fires, enterprise first aid requirements and site
evacuation.
Safety equipment May include, but not limited to:
and tools  Dust masks/goggles
 Glove
 Working cloth
 First aid and
 Safety shoes
Statistical tools and May include, but not limited to:
techniques  7 QC tools May include, but not limited to:
 Stratification
 Pareto Diagram
 Cause and Effect Diagram
 Check Sheet
 Control Chart/Graph
 Histogram and Scatter Diagram
 QC techniques May include, but not limited to:
 Brain storming
 Why analysis

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  What if analysis
 5W1H
Tools and May include, but not limited to:
techniques  Plant Layout
 Process flow
 Other Analysis tools
 Do time study by work element
 Measure Travel distance
 Take a photo of workplace
 Measure Total steps
 Make list of items/products, who produces them and who uses them
& those in warehouses, storages etc.
 Focal points to Check and find out existing problems
 5S
 Layout improvement
 Brainstorming
 Andon
 U-line
 In-lining
 Unification
 Multi-process handling &Multi-skilled operators
 A.B. control (Two point control)
 Cell production line
 TPM (Total Productive Maintenance)
Relevant May include, but not limited to:
procedures  Make waste visible
 Be conscious of the waste
 Be accountable for the waste and measure the waste.
4M1E May include, but not limited to:
 Man
 Machine
 Method
Material and Environment
Creative idea May include, but not limited to:
generation  Brainstorming
 Exploring and examining ideas in varied ways
 Elaborating and extrapolating
 Conceptualizing
Medium KPT May include, but not limited to:
 5S
 4M (Machine, Method, Material and Man)
 4p (Policy, Procedures, People and Plant)
 PDCA cycle

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 Basics of IE tools and techniques
The ten basic May include, but not limited to:
principles for  Throw out all of your fixed ideas about how to do things.
improvement  Think of how the new method will work- not how it won.
 Don’t accept excuses. Totally deny the status quo.
 Don’t seek perfection. A 5o percent implementation rate is fine as
long as it’s done on the spot.
 Correct mistakes the moment they are found.
 Don’t spend a lot of money on improvements.
 Problems give you a chance to use your brain.
 Ask “why?” At least five times until you find the ultimate cause.
 Ten people’s ideas are better than one person’s.
 Improvement knows no limits.
Tangible and May include, but not limited to:
intangible results  Tangible result may include quantifiable data
 Intangible result may include qualitative data
various types of May include, but not limited to:
diagrams.  Line graph
 Bar graph
 Pie-chart
 Scatter diagrams
 Affinity diagrams
Visual and auditory May include, but not limited to:
control methods  Red Tagging
 Sign boards
 Outlining
 And ones
 Kanban, etc.
5W and 1H May include, but not limited to:
 Who
 What
 Where
 When
 Why and
 How
Standard Operating May include, but not limited to:
Procedures (SOPs).  The customer demands
 The most efficient work routine (steps)
 The cycle times required to complete work elements
 All process quality checks required to minimize defects/errors
 The exact amount of work in process required

Evidence Guide

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Critical Aspects of Demonstrate knowledge and skills to:
Competence  Discuss why wastes occur in the workplace
 Discuss causes and effects of wastes/MUDA in the workplace
 Analyze the current situation of the workplace by using
appropriate tools and techniques
 Identify, measure, eliminate and prevent occurrence of wastes by
using appropriate tools and techniques
 Use 5W and 1H sheet to prevent
 Detect non-conforming products/services in the work area
 Apply effective problem-solving approaches/strategies.
 Implement and monitor improved practices and procedures
 Apply statistical quality control tools and techniques.
Required Demonstrate knowledge of:
Knowledge and  Targets of customers and manufacturer/service provider
Attitude  Traditional and kaizen thinking of price setting
 Kaizen thinking in relation to targets of manufacturer/service
provider and customer
 value
 The three categories of operations
 the 3“MU”
 wastes occur in the workplace
 The 7 types of MUDA
 QC story/PDCA cycle/
 QC story/ Problem solving steps
 QCC techniques
 7 QC tools
 The Benefits of identifying and eliminating waste
 Causes and effects of 7 MUDA
 Procedures to identify MUDA
 Necessary attitude and the ten basic principles for improvement
 Procedures to eliminate MUDA
 Prevention of wastes
 Methods of waste prevention
 Definition and purpose of standardization
 Standards required for machines, operations, defining normal and
abnormal conditions, clerical procedures and procurement
 Methods of visual and auditory control
 TPM concept and its pillars.
 Relevant OHS and environment requirements
 Method and Lines of communication
 Methods of making/recommending improvements.
 Reporting procedures
 Workplace procedures associated with the candidate's regular

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 technical duties
 organizational structure of the enterprise
Required Skills Demonstrate skills to:
 Draw & analyze current situation of the work place
 Use measurement apparatus (stop watch, tape, etc.)
 Calculate volume and area
 Apply statistical analysis tools
 Use and follow checklists to identify, measure and eliminate
wastes/MUDA
 Identify and measure wastes/MUDA in accordance with OHS and
procedures
 Use tools and techniques to eliminate wastes/MUDA in
accordance with OHS procedure.
 Apply 5W and 1H sheet
 Update and use standard procedures for completion of required
operation
 Apply Visual Management Board/Kaizen Board.
 Detect non-conforming products or services in the work area
 Work with others
 Read and interpret documents
 Observe situations
 Solve problems
 Communicate information
 Gather evidence by using different means
 Report activities and results using report formats
 Implement and monitor improved practices and procedures
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information on
workplace practices and OHS practices.
Methods of Competence may be assessed through:
Assessment  Interview/Written Test
 Observation/Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated work
Assessment place setting.

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Occupational Standard: Health Information Technology Level IV
Unit Title Prevent and Eliminate MUDA
Unit Code HLT HIT4 19 1121
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitude required by a worker to
prevent and eliminate MUDA/wastes in his/her workplace by applying
scientific problem-solving techniques and tools to enhance quality,
productivity and other kaizen elements on continual bas is. It covers
responsibility for the day-to-day operation of the work and ensures Kaizen
Elements are continuously improved and institutionalized.

Element Performance Criteria

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2. Prepare for 1.1. Work instructions are used to determine job requirements, including
work. method, material and equipment.
1.2. Job specifications are read and interpreted following working
manual.
1.3. OHS requirements, including dust and fume collection, breathing
apparatus and eye and ear personal protection needs are observed
throughout the work.
1.4. Appropriate material is selected for work.
1.5. Safety equipment and tools are identified and checked for safe and
effective operation.
2. Identify 2.1 Plan of MUDA and problem identification is prepared and
MUDA and implemented.
problem 2.2 Causes and effects of MUDA are discussed.
2.3 All possible problems related to the process /Kaizen elements are
listed using statistical tools and techniques.
2.4 All possible problems related to kaizen elements are identified and
listed on Visual Management Board/Kaizen Board.
2.5 Tools and techniques are used to draw and analyze current situation
of the work place.
2.6 Wastes/MUDA are identified and measured based on relevant
procedures.
2.7 Identified and measured wastes are reported to relevant personnel.
3. Analyze causes 3.1 All possible causes of a problem are listed.
of a problem. 3.2 Cause relationships are analyzed using4M1E.
3.3 Causes of the problems are identified.
3.4 The root cause which is most directly related to the problem is
selected.
3.5 All possible ways are listed using creative idea generation to
eliminate the most critical root cause.
3.6 The suggested solutions are carefully tested and evaluated for
potential complications.
3.7 Detailed summaries of the action plan are prepared to implement the
suggested solution.
4. Eliminate 4.1. Plan of MUDA elimination is prepared and implemented by medium
MUDA and KPT members.
Assess 4.2. Necessary attitude and the ten basic principles for improvement are
effectiveness adopted to eliminate waste/MUDA.
of the solution. 4.3. Tools and techniques are used to eliminate wastes/MUDA based on
the procedures and OHS.
4.4. Wastes/MUDA are reduced and eliminated in accordance with OHS
and organizational requirements.
4.5. Tangible and intangible results are identified.
4.6. Tangible results are compared with targets using various types of

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 diagrams.
4.7. Improvements gained by elimination of waste/MUDA are reported to
relevant bodies.
5. Prevent 5.1. Plan of MUDA prevention is prepared and implemented.
occurrence of 5.2. Standards required for machines, operations, defining normal and
wastes and abnormal conditions, clerical procedures and procurement are
sustain discussed and prepared.
operation. 5.3. Occurrences of wastes/MUDA are prevented by using visual and
auditory control methods.
5.4. Waste-free workplace is created using 5W and 1Hsheet.
5.5. The completion of required operation is done in accordance with
standard procedures and practices.
5.6. The updating of standard procedures and practices is facilitated.
5.7. The capability of the work team that aligns with the requirements of
the procedure is ensured and trained on the new Standard Operating
Procedures (SOPs).

Variable Range
OHS requirements May include, but not limited to:
 Are to be in accordance with legislation/ regulations/codes of practice
and enterprise safety policies and procedures. This may include
protective clothing and equipment, use of tooling and equipment,
workplace environment and safety, handling of material, use of
firefighting equipment, enterprise first aid, hazard control and
hazardous materials and substances.
 PPE are to include that prescribed under legislation/regulations/codes of
practice and workplace policies and practices.
 Safe operating procedures are to include, but are not limited to the
conduct of operational risk assessment and treatments associated with
workplace organization.
 Emergency procedures related to this unit are to include but may not be
limited to emergency shutdown and stopping of equipment,
extinguishing fires, enterprise first aid requirements and site evacuation.
Safety equipment May include, but not limited to:
and tools  Dust masks/goggles
 Glove
 Working cloth
 First aid and
 Safety shoes
Statistical tools and May include, but not limited to:
techniques  7 QC tools May include, but not limited to:
 Stratification
 Pareto Diagram

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  Cause and Effect Diagram
 Check Sheet
 Control Chart/Graph
 Histogram and Scatter Diagram
 QC techniques May include, but not limited to:
 Brain storming
 Why analysis
 What if analysis
 5W1H
May include, but not limited to:
 Plant Layout
 Process flow
 Other Analysis tools
 Do time study by work element
 Measure Travel distance
 Take a photo of workplace
 Measure Total steps
 Make list of items/products, who produces them and who uses them &
those in warehouses, storages etc.
 Focal points to Check and find out existing problems
 5S
 Layout improvement
 Brainstorming
 Andon
 U-line
 In-lining
 Unification
 Multi-process handling &Multi-skilled operators
 A.B. control (Two point control)
 Cell production line
 TPM (Total Productive Maintenance)
Relevant May include, but not limited to:
procedures  Make waste visible
 Be conscious of the waste
 Be accountable for the waste and measure the waste.
4M1E May include, but not limited to:
 Man
 Machine
 Method
Material and Environment
Creative idea May include, but not limited to:
generation  Brainstorming
 Exploring and examining ideas in varied ways

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  Elaborating and extrapolating
 Conceptualizing
Medium KPT May include, but not limited to:
 5S
 4M (Machine, Method, Material and Man)
 4p (Policy, Procedures, People and Plant)
 PDCA cycle
Basics of IE tools and techniques
The ten basic May include, but not limited to:
principles for  Throw out all of your fixed ideas about how to do things.
improvement  Think of how the new method will work- not how it won.
 Don’t accept excuses. Totally deny the status quo.
 Don’t seek perfection. A 5o percent implementation rate is fine as long
as it’s done on the spot.
 Correct mistakes the moment they are found.
 Don’t spend a lot of money on improvements.
 Problems give you a chance to use your brain.
 Ask “why?” At least five times until you find the ultimate cause.
 Ten people’s ideas are better than one person’s.
 Improvement knows no limits.
Tangible and May include, but not limited to:
intangible results  Tangible result may include quantifiable data
 Intangible result may include qualitative data
various types of May include, but not limited to:
diagrams.  Line graph
 Bar graph
 Pie-chart
 Scatter diagrams
 Affinity diagrams
Visual and auditory May include, but not limited to:
control methods  Red Tagging
 Sign boards
 Outlining
 And ons
 Kanban, etc.
5W and 1H May include, but not limited to:
 Who
 What
 Where
 When
 Why and
 How

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Standard Operating May include, but not limited to:
Procedures (SOPs).  The customer demands
 The most efficient work routine (steps)
 The cycle times required to complete work elements
 All process quality checks required to minimize defects/errors
 The exact amount of work in process required

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Demonstrate knowledge and skills to:
Competence  Discuss why wastes occur in the workplace
 Discuss causes and effects of wastes/MUDA in the workplace
 Analyze the current situation of the workplace by using appropriate
tools and techniques
 Identify, measure, eliminate and prevent occurrence of wastes by
using appropriate tools and techniques
 Use 5W and 1H sheet to prevent
 Detect non-conforming products/services in the work area
 Apply effective problem-solving approaches/strategies.
 Implement and monitor improved practices and procedures
 Apply statistical quality control tools and techniques.
Underpinning Demonstrate knowledge of:
Knowledge and  Targets of customers and manufacturer/service provider
Attitude  Traditional and kaizen thinking of price setting
 Kaizen thinking in relation to targets of manufacturer/service provider
and customer
 value
 The three categories of operations
 the 3“MU”
 wastes occur in the workplace
 The 7 types of MUDA
 QC story/PDCA cycle/
 QC story/ Problem solving steps
 QCC techniques
 7 QC tools
 The Benefits of identifying and eliminating waste
 Causes and effects of 7 MUDA
 Procedures to identify MUDA
 Necessary attitude and the ten basic principles for improvement
 Procedures to eliminate MUDA
 Prevention of wastes
 Methods of waste prevention
 Definition and purpose of standardization
 Standards required for machines, operations, defining normal and

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 abnormal conditions, clerical procedures and procurement
 Methods of visual and auditory control
 TPM concept and its pillars.
 Relevant OHS and environment requirements
 Method and Lines of communication
 Methods of making/recommending improvements.
 Reporting procedures
 Workplace procedures associated with the candidate's regular
technical duties
 organizational structure of the enterprise
Underpinning Demonstrate skills to:
Skills  Draw & analyze current situation of the work place
 Use measurement apparatus (stop watch, tape, etc.)
 Calculate volume and area
 Apply statistical analysis tools
 Use and follow checklists to identify, measure and eliminate
wastes/MUDA
 Identify and measure wastes/MUDA in accordance with OHS and
procedures
 Use tools and techniques to eliminate wastes/MUDA in accordance
with OHS procedure.
 Apply 5W and 1H sheet
 Update and use standard procedures for completion of required
operation
 Apply Visual Management Board/Kaizen Board.
 Detect non-conforming products or services in the work area
 Work with others
 Read and interpret documents
 Observe situations
 Solve problems
 Communicate information
 Gather evidence by using different means
 Report activities and results using report formats
 Implement and monitor improved practices and procedures
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations, including
Implication work areas, materials and equipment, and to information on workplace
practices and OHS practices.
Methods of Competence may be assessed through:
Assessment  Interview/Written Test
 Observation/Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated work
Assessment place setting.

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 Ministry of Labor and
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Sector: Health
Sub Sector: Health Information

Level IV Health Information Technology

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 Acknowledgement
We wish to extend thanks and appreciation to the Ministry of Health, partners, academic and
government agencies that took vital role and donated their expertise and resource for the
revision of this occupational standard.
We would like also to express our appreciation to the Experts from different organizations
with in the line Ministry (Ministry of Health) and non-governmental organizations that made
the revision of this occupational standard possible.
This occupational standard was revised in November 2021 at Adama, Ethiopia.

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List Of Participants Who Participated on OS Revision of Health Information Technology, November, 2021,
Adama
No Name Region Organization Profession Mobile Email address
1 Endegena Abebe Amhar Debre Birhan HIT lecturer & 091213387 [email protected]
a Health research 5
college Coordinator
2 Dawit Solomon Amhar D/Brihan HIT 091274282 [email protected]
a Univ. 6
3 Teshome Habte AA A.A HIT Coordinator 091143615 [email protected]
Univeristy 8
4 Daniel Alayu Amhar Debre Birhan HIT coordinator 091010930 [email protected]
a Health lecturer 1
college
5 Melaku T/Birihan AA A/A TP Trainer 092125919 [email protected]
TVET 6
6 Birhanu Tadiyos AA Federal OS and 091359938 [email protected]
TVET Assessment 3
tools
development
Expert

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