Endorsed by

Designation: A105/A105M – 11a Manufacturers Standardization Society

of the Valve and Fittings Industry
Used in USDOE-NE Standards

Standard Specification for

Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A105/A105M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
B

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

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1. Scope* system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
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1.1 This specification2 covers forged carbon steel piping shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
components for ambient- and higher-temperature service in from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
pressure systems. Included are flanges, fittings, valves, and standard.
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similar parts ordered either to dimensions specified by the NOTE 1—The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) has
purchaser or to dimensional standards such as the MSS, been substituted in this standard for such traditional terms as “nominal
ASME, and API specifications referenced in Section 2. Forg- diameter,” “size,” and “nominal size.”
ings made to this specification are limited to a maximum
2. Referenced Documents
weight of 10 000 lb [4540 kg]. Larger forgings may be ordered
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to Specification A266/A266M. Tubesheets and hollow cylin- 2.1 In addition to those reference documents listed in
drical forgings for pressure vessel shells are not included Specification A961/A961M, the following list of standards
within the scope of this specification. Although this specifica- apply to this specification:
2.2 ASTM Standards:3
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tion covers some piping components machined from rolled bar

and seamless tubular products (see 4.2), it does not cover raw A266/A266M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for
material produced in these product forms. Pressure Vessel Components
1.2 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when A675/A675M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-
additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply Wrought, Special Quality, Mechanical Properties
only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order. A696 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought or
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1.3 Specification A266/A266M covers other steel forgings Cold-Finished, Special Quality, for Pressure Piping Com-
and Specifications A675/A675M and A696 cover other steel ponents
bars. A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units quirements
and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable A961/A961M Specification for Common Requirements for
V

“M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for Piping
furnished to inch-pound units. Applications
A

The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to 2.3 MSS Standards:
be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each SP 44 Standard for Steel Pipe Line Flanges4
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system 2.4 ASME Standards:
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shall be used independently of the other. Combining values B16.5 Dimensional Standards for Steel Pipe Flanges and
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the Flanged Fittings5
standard. B16.9 Wrought Steel Buttwelding Fittings5
00

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1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units B16.10 Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Fer-
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the rous Valves5
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
1

3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, [Link], or
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@[Link]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting the ASTM website.
4
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications. Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published January 2012. Originally Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, [Link]
approved in 1926. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as A105/A105M–11. [Link].
5
DOI: 10.1520/A0105_A0105M-11a. Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
cation SA-105 in Section II of that Code. [Link].

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

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 A105/A105M – 11a
B16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Weld, and Threaded5 TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
B16.34 Valves-Flanged, Threaded and Welding End5 NOTE—For each reduction of 0.01 % below the specified carbon
B16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges5 maximum (0.35 %), an increase of 0.06 % manganese above the specified
2.5 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code: maximum (1.05 %) will be permitted up to a maximum of 1.65 %.
Section IX Welding Qualifications5 Element Composition, %
2.6 API Standards: Carbon 0.35 max
API-600 Flanged and Butt-Welding-End Steel Gate Valves6 Manganese 0.60–1.05
API-602 Compact Design Carbon Steel Gate Valves for Phosphorus 0.035 max
Sulfur 0.040 max
Refinery Use6 Silicon 0.10–0.35
Copper 0.40 maxA
3. Ordering Information Nickel 0.40 maxA
B

Chromium 0.30 maxA,B

3.1 See Specification A961/A961M. Molybdenum 0.12 maxA,B

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3.1.1 Additional requirements (see 12.2). Vanadium 0.08 max
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A
The sum of copper, nickel, chromium, molybdenum and vanadium shall not
4. General Requirements exceed 1.00 %.
B
The sum of chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.32 %.
4.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform to
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the requirements of Specification A961/A961M, including any

supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase
7. Mechanical Properties
order. Failure to comply with the requirements of Specification
A961/A961M constitutes nonconformance with this specifica- 7.1 The material shall conform to the mechanical property
tion. In case of a conflict between the requirements of this requirements prescribed in Table 2 and Table 3.
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specification and Specification A961/A961M, this specification 7.2 For normalized, normalized and tempered, or quenched
shall prevail. and tempered forgings, the central axis of the test specimen
4.2 Except as permitted by Section 6 in Specification shall correspond to the 1⁄4 T plane or deeper position, where T
A961/A961M, the finished product shall be a forging as is the maximum heat-treated thickness of the represented
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defined in the Terminology Section of Specification A788/ forging. In addition, for quenched and tempered forgings, the
A788M. midlength of the test specimen shall be at least T from any
second heat-treated surface. When section thickness does not
5. Heat Treatment permit this positioning, the test specimen shall be positioned as
5.1 Heat treatment is not a mandatory requirement of this near as possible to the prescribed location.
7.3 Tension Tests:
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specification except for the following piping components:

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5.1.1 Flanges above Class 300,7 7.3.1 One tension test shall be made for each heat of
5.1.2 Flanges of special design where the design pressure at as-forged components.
the design temperature exceeds the pressure-temperature rat- 7.3.2 One tension test shall be made from each heat-treating
ings of Class 300, Group 1.1, charge. If more than one heat is included in such a charge, each
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5.1.3 Flanges of special design where the design pressure or heat shall be tested.
design temperature are not known, [Link] When the heat-treating temperatures are the same
and the furnaces (either batch or continuous type), are con-
A

5.1.4 Piping components other than flanges which meet

both of the following criteria: (1) over NPS 4 and (2) above trolled within 625 °F [614 °C] and equipped with recording
Class 300, and pyrometers so that complete records of heat treatment are
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5.1.5 Piping components of Special Class8 other than available, then one tension test from each heat is required
flanges which meet both of the following criteria: (1) over NPS
4 and (2) when the working pressure at the operating tempera-
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TABLE 2 Mechanical RequirementsA

ture exceeds the tabulated values for Special Class 300, Group
1.1. Tensile strength, min, psi [MPa] 70 000 [485]
Yield strength, min, psi [MPa]B 36 000 [250]
5.2 Heat treatment, when required by 5.1 shall be annealing, Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, %:
normalizing, or normalizing and tempering or quenching and Basic minimum elongation for walls 5⁄16 in. [7.9 mm] 30
tempering in accordance with Specification A961/A961M. and over in thickness, strip tests.
1

When standard round 2-in. or 50-mm gage length or 22

smaller proportionally sized specimen with the gage
6. Chemical Composition length equal to 4D is used
For strip tests, a deduction for each 1⁄32-in. [0.8-mm] 1.50C
6.1 The steel shall conform to the chemical requirements decrease in wall thickness below 5⁄16 in. [7.9 mm]
specified in Table 1. from the basic minimum elongation
6.2 Steels to which lead has been added shall not be used. of the percentage points of Table 3
Reduction of area, min, %D 30
Hardness, HBW, max 187
A
For small forgings, see 7.3.4.
6
Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Wash- B
Determined by either the 0.2 % offset method or the 0.5 % extension-under-
ington, DC 20005-4070, [Link] load method.
7 C
For definition of Class 300, see ASME B16.5. See Table 3 for computed minimum values.
8 D
For definition of special class, see ASME B16.34. For round specimens only.

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 A105/A105M – 11a
TABLE 3 Computed Minimum Values 7.4.3 Testing shall be as specified in Specification A961/
Wall Thickness Elongation in 2 in. or 50 A961M. The purchaser may verify that the requirement has
in. mm mm, min, % been met by testing at any location on the forging, provided
⁄
5 16 (0.312) 7.9 30.00 such testing does not render the forging useless.
9⁄32 (0.281) 7.1 28.50
1⁄ 4 (0.250) 6.4 27.00 8. Hydrostatic Tests
7⁄32 (0.219) 5.6 25.50
3⁄16 (0.188) 4.8 24.00 8.1 Such tests shall be conducted by the forging manufac-
5⁄32

1⁄ 8
(0.156) 4.0 22.50 turer only when Supplementary Requirement S57 in Specifi-
(0.125) 3.2 21.00
3⁄32 (0.094) 2.4 19.50
cation A961/A961M is specified.
1⁄16 (0.062) 1.6 18.00
9. Retreatment
B

Note—The above table gives the computed minimum elongation values for
each 1⁄32-in. [0.8-mm] decrease in wall thickness. Where the wall thickness lies 9.1 If the results of the mechanical tests do not conform to

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between two values shown above, the minimum elongation value is determined by
the requirement specified, the manufacturer may heat treat or
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the following equation:

reheat treat the forgings as applicable and repeat the test
E 5 48T 1 15.00
specified in Section 7.
where:
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E = elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, %, and 10. Repair by Welding

T = actual thickness of specimen, in. [mm]. 10.1 Repair of defects by the manufacturer is permissible
for forgings made to dimensional standards such as those of
ASME or for other parts made for stock by the manufacturer.
instead of one test from each heat in each heat-treatment Prior approval of the purchaser is required to repair-weld
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charge. The test specimen material shall be included with a special forgings made to the purchaser’s requirements.
furnace charge. 10.2 Weld repairs shall be made by a process that does not
7.3.3 Testing shall be performed as specified in Specifica- produce undesirably high levels of hydrogen in the welded
tion A961/A961M. The largest feasible round specimen shall
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areas.
be used except when hollow cylindrically shaped parts are 10.3 All forgings repaired by welding shall be post-weld
machined from seamless tubulars. When hollow cylindrically heat treated between 1100 °F [593 °C] and the lower transfor-
shaped parts are machined from seamless tubular materials, mation temperature for a minimum of 1⁄2 h/in. [1⁄2 h/25.4 mm]
strip tests may be used. of maximum section thickness, or alternatively annealed,
7.3.4 Forgings too small to permit obtaining a subsize normalized and tempered, or quenched and tempered. If the
TA

specimen of 0.250 in. [6.35 mm] diameter or larger parallel to forging was not previously heat treated, the original tempering
the dimension of maximum working, and produced in equip- temperature was exceeded, or the forging was fully heat treated
ment unsuitable for the production of a separately forged test in the post weld cycle, then the forging shall be tested in
bar such as an automatic or semi-automatic press, may be accordance with Section 7 on completion of the cycle.
accepted on the basis of hardness only. One percent of the 10.4 The mechanical properties of the procedure-
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forgings per lot (see Note 2), or ten forgings, whichever is the qualification weldment shall, when tested in accordance with
lesser number, shall be selected at random, prepared, and tested Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,
A

using the standard Brinell test. The locations of the indenta- conform with the requirements listed in Table 2 for the thermal
tions shall be at the option of the manufacturer but shall be condition of repair-welded forgings.
selected to be representative of the forging as a whole. One
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indentation per forging shall be required but additional inden- 11. Rejection and Rehearing
tations may be made to establish the representative hardness. 11.1 Each forging that develops injurious defects during
The hardness of all forgings so tested shall be 137 to 187 HBW shop working or application shall be rejected and the manu-
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inclusive. facturer notified.

NOTE 2—A lot is defined as the product from a mill heat or if heat
treated, the product of a mill heat per furnace charge. 12. Certification
7.4 Hardness Tests: 12.1 Identification Marking—For forgings made to speci-
1

7.4.1 Two hardness tests shall be made for each heat of fied dimensions, when agreed upon by the purchaser, and for
as-forged components. When more than one forging is pro- forgings made to dimensional standards, application of identi-
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duced from each heat, a minimum of two forgings shall be fication marks as required in Specification A961/A961M shall
tested with one reading from each forging. When only one be the certification that the forgings have been furnished in
forging is produced, it shall be tested in two locations. accordance with the requirements of this specification. The
7.4.2 Except when only one forging is produced, a mini- specification designation included on test reports shall include
mum of two forgings shall be hardness tested per batch or year date and revision letter, if any.
continuous run as defined in [Link] to ensure that forgings are 12.2 Test Reports—When test reports are required, the
within the hardness limits given in Table 2. When only one manufacturer shall also provide the following, where appli-
forging is produced, it shall be hardness tested in two locations cable:
to ensure it is within the hardness limits given in Table 2. 12.2.1 Type heat treatment, Section 5,

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 A105/A105M – 11a
12.2.2 Tensile property results, Section 7 (Table 2), report this specification number, and such other markings as neces-
the yield strength and ultimate strength, in ksi [MPa], elonga- sary to identify the part with the test report (13.1 and 13.2 shall
tion and reduction in area, in percent; and, if longitudinal strip apply). The specification number marked on the forgings need
tension specimens are used, report the width of the gage length, not include specification year date and revision letter.
12.2.3 Chemical analysis results, Section 6 (Table 1). Re- 13.4 Bar Coding—In addition to the requirements in
ported results shall be to the same number of significant figures Specification A961/A961M and 13.3, bar coding is acceptable
as the limits specified in Table 1 for that element. as a supplemental identification method. The purchaser may
12.2.4 Hardness results, Section 7 (Table 2), a minimum of specify in the order a specific bar coding system to be used.
two readings, and The bar coding system, if applied at the discretion of the
12.2.5 Any supplementary testing required by the purchase supplier, should be consistent with one of the published
order.
B

industry standards for bar coding. If used on small parts, the

13. Product Marking bar code may be applied to the box or a substantially applied

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tag.
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13.1 If the forgings have been quenched and tempered, the

letters “QT” shall be stamped on the forgings following this
14. Keywords
specification number.
13.2 Forgings repaired by welding shall be marked with the 14.1 pipe fittings, steel; piping applications; pressure con-
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letter “W” following this specification number. taining parts; steel flanges; steel forgings, carbon; steel valves;
13.3 When test reports are required for larger products, the temperature service applications, elevated; temperature service
markings shall consist of the manufacturer’s symbol or name, applications, high
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SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
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The following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in the
inquiry, contract, and order.

S1. Hardness S3. Marking Small Forgings

S1.1 The purchaser may check the hardness of any or all S3.1 For small products where the space for marking is less
forgings supplied at any location on the forging and the
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than 1 in. [25 mm] in any direction, test reports are mandatory
hardness shall be 137 to 187 HBW. All forgings not within the and marking may be restricted to only such symbols or codes
specified hardness range shall be rejected. as are necessary to identify the parts with test reports.
S2. Heat Treatment S3.2 When the configuration or size does not permit mark-
ing directly on the forging, the marking method shall be a
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S2.1 All forgings shall be heat treated as specified by the

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purchaser. matter of agreement between the manufacturer and the pur-

S2.2 When forgings not requiring heat treatment by 5.1 are chaser.
A

supplied heat treated by purchaser request, the basis for

determining conformance with Table 2 and Table 3 shall be S4. Carbon Equivalent
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hardness testing per 7.4 and either (1) tensile testing of heat S4.1 The maximum carbon equivalent, based on heat analy-
treated forgings per 7.2, or (2) tensile tests from as-forged sis, shall be 0.47 for forgings with a maximum section
forgings or separately forged test blanks, as agreed upon thickness of 2 in. or less, and 0.48 for forgings with a
between the supplier and purchaser.
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maximum section thickness of greater than 2 in.

S2.3 When test reports are required, and tensile test results
were obtained from as-forged forgings or as-forged test blanks, S4.2 Determine the carbon equivalent (CE) as follows:
it shall be so indicated on the test report. CE 5 C 1 Mn/6 1 ~Cr 1 Mo 1 V!/5 1 ~Ni 1 Cu!/15
S2.4 In addition to the marking required by Section 13, this
1

specification shall be followed by the letter: A for annealed, N S4.3 A lower maximum carbon equivalent may be agreed
for normalized, NT for normalized and tempered, or QT for upon between the supplier and the purchaser.
quenched and tempered, as appropriate.

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 A105/A105M – 11a
SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A105/A105M–11, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved December 1, 2011)

(1) Revised the subtitle note of Table 1 to increase the

maximum manganese limit.

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A105/A105M–10a, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved July 1, 2011)
B

(1) Deleted references to Test Methods and Definitions A370

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throughout.
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Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A105/A105M–10, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved December 1, 2010)
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(1) Revised Table 2, 7.3.4, and Supplementary Requirement S1

hardness designation to HBW.
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A
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1

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