ReviewQuestions

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE TYPE Hormones

(Select the most appropriate option in each case) Disorders caused due to
1. Which of the following is not an endocrine gland?
hyposecretion
P
(a) Adrenal gland (b) Pituitary gland Diabetes mellitus
(c) Thyroid gland Q Diabetes insipidus
(d) Sebaceous gland
2. Which of the following hormones stimulates milk Jdentify the correct pairs of
secretion ? (a) P -Insulin, Q- Vasopressin hormones
(a) Prolactin (b) Oxytocin (b) P - Prolactin, Q - Insulin
(c) Progesterone (d) Calcitonin (c) P - Insulin, Q - Glucagon
3. Oxyto cin stimulates the contraction of : (d) P - Thyroxine, Q- Adrenaline
The following questions are
(a) Ovary
(c) Uterus
(b) Ureter
(d) Breast
Assertionn-Reason
questions. Choose the answer based on the codes based
4. Hypersecretion of growth hormone causes : below. given
(1) A is True and R is False (2) Ais
(a) Gigantisn and Dwarfism False and Ris Tre
(3) Both A and R are True (4) Both Aand Rare False
(b) Acrormegaly and Dwarfism
12. Assertion (A):Hormones are the
(c) Gigantism and Acromegaly secretions fom
(d) Dwarfism and Virilism some glandular parts of the body which regulate
5. A gland which secretes enzymes and
certain physiological processes by chemical
hormones means.
both is: Reason (R): Hormones are directly poured into
(a) Adrenal (b) Pancreas the target organs which are usually very close to
(c) Thyroid (d) Pituitary the source/ gland secreting the hormones.
6. Insulin is secreted by: (a) (1) (b) (2) (c) (3) (d) (4)
(a) B-cells of Pancreas (b) J-cells of Pancreas 13. Assertion (A) : Adrenal medulla secretes
(c) a-cells of Pancreas (d) Y-cells of Pancreas glucocorticoids which regulate glucose levels of
7. Islets of Langerhans are located in the: the blood.
(a) Kidneys (b) Liver Reason (R) : Glucocorticoids, a kind of cortisone.
(c) Throat (d) Pancreas stimulate the deposition of extraglucose in blood
as glycogen in the liver and muscles. The roles of
8. Exophthalmic goitre is caused due to the
overactivity of insulin and glucocorticoids are the same.
(a) thymus (a) (1) (b) (2) (c) (3) (d) (4)
(b) thyroid
14. Assertion (A) : Oversecretion of insulin caUses
(c) parathyroid (d) adrenal cortex.
9. The hormone which causes stimulation of hyperglycemia or diabetes mellitus. lead to
Reason (R): Oversecretion of insulin can
sympathetic nervous systemn is: uptake of
(a) Thyroxine (b) Insulin hypoglycemia by casuing excessive
in
glucose from the blood into the cells, whhich
(c) Prolactin (d) Adrenaline resistance
turn can lead to increased insulin
10. The hormone which stimulates the breakdown of ultimately result in hyperglycemia
0 r diabetes

glycogen in the liver to glucose is : mellitus.

(a) Glucagon (b) Somatostatin () (3)
( ) 4)
(a) (1) (b) (2) which
(c) Insulin (d) None of these condition

11. John tried to match the hormones with the

15. Assertion (A) : Cretinisnm is a and
nental

dwartishl
affects adults causing
disorders caused due to their hyposecretion. He retardation. hypothvroilisn.

tabulated the pairs as follows :

Reason (R): Cretinism is a kind of
CONCISE BIOLOGY
172
 te disease occurs due to the defective development 7. Given below are
(degeneration), of the thyroid. group
or early
atrophy
first pair indicates the of terms. In each group the
two terms. Suggest the relationship between the
(a) (1)
(b) (2) (c) (3) (d) (4)
ANSWER TYPE suitable word(s) for the
VERY
SHORT fourth place.
following: (a) Beta cells : Insulin : Alpha
L. Name the (b) Children : Cretinism : Adults
cells:
(a) The hormone produced by adrenal medulla :
(b) The condition caused by the oversecretion of insulin. (c) Undersecretion:Dwarfism :
The hornmone secreted by B(beta) cells of the islets
Oversecretion :
(d) Diabetes mellitus: Insulin : Diabetes
insipidus :
of Langerhans. C. SHORT ANSWER TYPE
id The interconnection between the two lobes of 1. Mention the name of diseases based on the
thyroid gland (technical term). clues/
(e) The hormone whose undersecretion causes more symptoms given below :
urine formation. (a) Urine is loaded with sugar.
() The hormone which stimnulates the entire (b) Swelling in the neck.
sympathetic nervous system. (c) Dwarfism and mental retardation in children.
2. What would a child suffer from if there was (d) Eyes are protruded.
(e) Excessive growth of bones in the face, hands and feet.
hyposecretion from his thyroid? 2. Write the exact location of each of the following glands:
3. Choose the odd one out from each series and write (a) Thyroid (b) Adrenal
the category of the remaining terms (c) Pancreas (d) Pituitary
(a) Simple goitre, Cretinism, Pellagra, Myxoedema 3. Name the following :
(b) Alpha cells, Beta cells, Gamma cells, Delta cells (a) Three hormones secreted from the Islets of Langerhans
of pancreas.
(c) Somatotropin, Prolactin, Oxytocin, Luteinizing hormone (b) Two types of cortical hormones.
(d) Thyroid, Pituitary, Prostate, Parathyroid (c) Six hormones secreted from anterior pituitary.
(e) Thyroxine, Insulin, Thiamine, Glucagon (d) Two hormones secreted from posterior pituitary.
(e) The emergency hormone.
4. Write fall forms of the following abbreviations : (f) Diseases caused due to hypothyroidism.
(a) ACTH (b) TSH (c) ADH (g) Symptoms of cretinism.
(h) Abnormalities caused due to hypersecretion of growth
(d) LH (e) FSH
hormone.
D. ldentify the odd one in each of the following and 4. Write the main function of each of the following
mention what the rest are : hormones.
Functions
(a) Larynx; glucagon; testosterone; prolactin Hormones
(a) Thyroxine
(b) Adrenaline
(b) Adrenaline; penicillin; insulin; thyroxin (c) Insulin
(d) Glucagon
(c) Stomach: ileum: liver; adrenaline. (e) Vasopressin
the given
5. Name the hormones responsible tor
functions.
(d) TSH: GH: ADH; insulin Functions
Hormones
(e) lodine, cretinism,; goitre, myxoedema Contractionof uterine
with those in (a)
6. Match the terms given in column A muscles during child birth
column B. (b) Maintenance of corpus luteun
Column B (c) Milk formation and secretion
Column A
(i) Hypoglycemia (d) Development of external
(a) Adrenaline (ii) Hyperglycemia sex characters in males.
(b) Adrenal virilism ( i i i ) Mental retardation (e) Stimulationof sympathetic
(c) Addison's disease protruded
nervoUS system

(iv) Eyes are speech betore a

(d) Acromegaly Excessive
growth of bones 6. If youstand to make your maiden
(v) heart rate
(e) Cushing's syndrome in face large audience, your mouth dries up and
(vi) Emergency hormone
increases. What brings about these changes?
(vii) Masculine characters
173
 glands, the hormones produced, their
7. Given below is a table designed to give the names of the chief
blfuantnksions,1-1, he
effects of oversecretion and undersecretion in respect of thyrO1d, pituitary and pancreas. Fill up the
Source Hormone Chief Effect of Effect of
[Link].
function Oversecretion
Gland Cells produced
undersecretion
1 (1) Thyroxine (2) (3) (4)

2. Beta cells of (5) Promotes glucose (6) (7)

Islets of Langerhans utilisationby
the body cells

3 (8) Growth Hormone (9) (10) Dwarfism

4 (11) Vasopressin Increases (12) (13)
reabsorption of water
from kidney tubules

8. Complete the following table by filling in the blanks numbered 1to7.

Gland Hormone secreted Effect on bÍdy
(1) (2) Regulates basal metabolism
Pancreas ("beta cells) (3) Controls blood sugar
(4) (5) Increases heart beat
(6) Thyroid stimulating hormone (7) .......,....

9. Complete the following table by filing in the blank spaces numbered 1 to

8.
Gland Secretions Effect on body
(1) Oestrogen (2)
Alpha cells of Islets of (3) (4)
Langerhans
(5) (6) Protruding eyes
ansete

(7) (8) Gigantism

D. DESCRIPTIVE TYPE (d) Diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus
(CaUSe And

1. Define the following terms : symptoms)

(a) Endocrine system (e) Addison's disease and cushing's Syndrome
(b) Hormones
(c) Myxoedema Sugar level)
2. 3. Give reason.
Distinguish between the following pairs emergeny

(a) Exocrine and (a) Adrenaline is often described as the

endocrine glands (secretory substance hormone.
and example)
mastergland.
(b) Enzymes and hormones (mode (b) Pituitary is Popularly called as the otten
of transport and target
organ) (c) People livingin the low Himalayan hilly reggions
(c) Nervous control and
hormonal control
suffer fronn goitre. sltin
(transmission
iodised

and effect) (d) Simple goitre can be prevented by using

food.
174
CONCISE BIOLOGY
 gland with the help of following
Identify the
4.
clues :
glandis like a cap on top
of each kidney.
(a) The
das wellas aductless gland.
gland is bothnaduct gland:
(6) The (butterfly-shaped) gland.
ic) Abilobed
Theglarnd is located
in mid-brain belowthe hypothalamus. 4
(d)
E STRUCTURED/APPLICATION/SKILL TYPE
3

Study the diagram given below and then answer the

1. questions that follow:

GLUCAGON
PANCREAS

LIVER
(c) Name the nutrient element which is essential for the
normal working of part 2.
4. The diagram given below shows an endocrine gland
INSULIN in the human body. Study the diagram and answer
the following questions :
(a) Name the cells of the pancreas that produce (l) glucagon
(2) insulin.
(b) State the main function of (1) glucagon and (2) insulin.
exo-endocrine
(c) Why is the pancreas referred to as an
gland?
the
(d) Why is insulin not given orally but is injected into
3

body?
pancreas
(e) What is the technical term for the cells of the
that produce endocrine hormones?
(f) Where in the body is the pancreas located? specificlocation in the
human body (a) Identify the gland. Write its
2. Given below is a portion from the human body.
structure in ventral (front) shown in the tigure.
Snowing some important (b) Label the guidelines 1, 2and 3 from
view. secretions from part l and two
(c) Name any two
part 2. Diabetes
which hormone causes
(d) The deficiency of trom
insipidus ? How isthis condition different
respect to the abnormal
Diabetes mellitus with
substances present in the of urine.
factors
Human height is mainly controlled by genetic
5. equally important in
but hormonal secretion is also

Normal secretion

Where is this portion locatedin the body ?

(b) Namne the structures numbered 1-3. namned
structures
(c) State one main function ofeach of the:
above. from the
(d) Is there any duct to carry the secretions
give its name.
Structure numbered 2? Jf so,
3, Given below is an outline diagram of human body

showing position of certain organs.

(a) Name the parts numbered 1 to 4.
to the
(b) What is these parts in regard
common to all
175)
nature of their functions ?
 regulating the height. Study the figures given below F. THINK AND CONNECT
and answer the questions that follow: 1. Compare the hormonal response with
(a) Which of the above figures (A/B/C) is suffering the
nerO8
response with respect to their speed,
from hyposecretion of the growth hormone ? transmission
and the general nature of changes brought abet
(b) Name thedisorder shown in figure A. 2. Mention three important differences
(c) Mention the gland which secretes 'Growth between
action of hormones and that of nerves the
Hormone. in the
regulatory mechanism of our body.

JUST FOR HE THE SHORTEST AND THE TALLEST

CURIOSITY! or The short and long : Junrey Balawing (1 feer Il
But not in syllabus)
SHE?
inches) of Philippines and Sultan Kosen (8 feet Inch)
of Turkey, in Istanbul.
Given alongside is the
picture of a woman with Such abnormalities are
otherwise feminine usually the result of
characteristics. Hormonal respective
disturbance has led to the undersecretion
and
growth of moustaches,
beard and even hair on chest. oversecretion
of growth
Which hormone you think is involved in this hormone.
abnormality?
(Clue: Read the matter on page 155)
Sultan Kosen
Junrey Balawing
 Review Questions
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE TYPE 9. The period of pregnancy is called :
(Select the most appropriate option in each case) (a) Parturition (b) Implantation
1. The male accessory gland whose secretion (c) Copulation (d) Gestation
neutralizes the acidity of the urethra and vagina is: 10. The canal through which each testis descends into
(a) Seminal vesicde (b) Prostate gland the scrotum just before the birth of a male baby s
(c) Seminiferous tubule (d) Bulbo-urethral gland (a) Vas deferens (b) Epididymis
2. Theonset of menstruation in women is called: (c) Efferent duct (d) Inguinal canal
(a) Parturition (b) Menopause The following questions are Assertion-Reason based
(c) Ovulation (d) Menarche questions. Choose the answer based on the codes gven
below.
3. In the human menstrual cycle, the ovulation occurs
around: (1) A
is True and R is False (2) A is False and Ris Tre
(a) 7 days (3) Both A and Rare True (4) Both A and Rare Faise
(b) 21 days
(c) 28 days (d) 14 days 11. Assertion (A):The placenta is a vital organ
4. Fertilization takes place in : during pregnancy, responsible for providing
nutrients and oxygen to the developing toetus.
(a) Fallopian tube (b) Uterus
Reason (R) : The placenta develops trom the
(c) Vas deferens (d) Vagina fusion of the zygote and the endometrial lining
5. The packing tissues between the coils of the forming a specilized tissue structure that
seminiferous tubules are called as : facilitates the exchange of substances between the
(a) Leydig cells (b) Hymen maternal and foetal bloodstreams.
(c) Graafian follicle (d) Clitoris (a) (1) (b) (2) (c) (3)
6. Which of the following cannot pass readily through 12. Assertion (A) : Leydig cells produce ocstrogei
the placenta to the foetus ? and progesterone.
(a) Antibodies (b) Amino acids Reason (R) : Leydig cells are also callcd as
(c) Alcohol (d) Haemnoglobin pa KiM,
interstitial cells which are located us tubules.
7. The thin-walled sac of skin in which testis descends tissues between the coils of seminiterous

is : (a) () (b) (2) (c) (3)

alkalime
an
(a) Seminal vesicle (b) Vas deferens 13. Assertion (A): Prostate gland pours of the
ph
(c) Scrotal sac (d) Epididymis secretion which neutral1zes the acidi
8. The outermost layer of uterine wall around the Vagina. lobulated gland
foetus is : Reason (R): Prostate gland is a of the
surtace
(a) Choroid (b) Allantois located between the Posterior

urinary bladder and the rectum.

(c) Chorion (d) Amnion (d) (4)
(a) () (b) (2) () (3)

192 CONCISE RIOLOGY

 (A) : Fertilization of the ovum and 5. Given below are some groups of terms. In each
Assertion
the Sperm duct of the female
sperim
OCCurs in group, one pair indicates the relationship between
reproductive
system. the two terms. Rewrite and complete the second
Vas deferens carries sperms from pair on a similar basis.
Reason (R):
epididymis to the urethra of the male (a) Sperm : Spermatogenesis : Ovum
the
reproductive system. (b) Female gonad: Ovaries :: Male gonad :
(a) (1) (b) (2) (c) (3) (d) (4) (c) Follicle cells : Ova ::. Sperms
TYPE (d) Leydig cells : Testosterone Oestrogen
BVERY SHORT ANSWER
(e) Follicular phase: 5-12 days : Luteal phase
1. Name these : days.
(a) 3accessory glands of the human male reproductive 6. Choose the odd one out from the group of terms
system.
given below and write the category for the remaining
(b) 2hormones secreted from the corpus luteum.
terms :
(c) 4 phases of the menstrual cycle.
(d) 2types of twins. (a) Testis, Epididymis, Uterine tube, Sperm duct.
(b) Seminal vesicle, Seminiferous tubule, Prostate
(e) 3 membranous, protective layers around the foetus. gland, Cowper's gland.
2. Rewrite the terms in the correct order so as to be (c) Uterus, Ureter, Oviduct, Ovaries.
in a logical sequence. (d) Choroid, Chorion, Amnion, Allantois.
(a) Implantation, ovulation, child birth, gestation, (e) Zona pellucida, Acrosome, Axial filament,
Middle
fertilisation.
piece.
(b) Sperm duct, coitus, sperm, vagina, urethra.
(c) Sperm duct, penis, testes, sperms, semen. C. SHORT ANSWER TYPE
(a) Puberty, menopause, men struals, menarche, 1. (a) State whether the following statements are TRUE
reproductive age. (T) or FALSE (F) :
(e) Graafian follicle, ostium, uterus, fallopian tube, (i) Fertilisation occurs in vagina. (T/F)
Ovum.
(ii) Uterus is also known as birth canal. (T/F)
processes:
D. Give appropriate terms for the following (iii) Nutrition and oxygen diffuse from the mother's
blood
(a) The onset of reproductive phase in a female. into the foetus's blood through amnion. (T/F)
from the ovary.
(D) Rupture of follicle and release of ovum (b) Rewrite any two of the wrong statements by correcting
(C) Monthly discharge of blo od and
disintegrated tissues only one word either at the beginning or at the end of
in human female. the sentence.
(d) Process of fusion of ovum and sperm. 2. Complete the following table by writing the name
(e) Fixing of developing zygote (blastocyst) on the
uterine of the structure or the function of the given
wall. structure:
in column I
Match the items in column I with those Structure Function
(some may not
and write down the matching pairs 1. Corpus luteum
match). Column II
2. 2 Produces male gametes
in mass
Column I looks like
(a) Acrosome (i) Anembryo which 3 Leydig cells 3.
human baby
Luteinizing hormone 4. 4, Stores the sperms until they
(b) Gestation (ii) mature and become mobile
Ovum producing cells
(c) Menopause (iii) 5 Umbilical cord. 5.
(d) Foetus (iv) Semen
(e) Oogenesis (v) Spermatoz0a 6. Fallopian tube 6.
Complete stoppage of
(f) Ovulation (vi) 3. Given below are the names of cer tain stages/
menstrual cycle
fertilised substances related to reproduction and tound in
(vii) Time taken by a
delivery of baby. human body. Answer the questions related to them.
egg till the

193)
The Reproductive System
 (a) Foetus. 4. What are the secondary sexual
" Where is it contained? human male and female charact?eristicssin the
respectively
" How does it differ from embryo? 5. What are the accessory reproductive
(b) Hyaluronidase. organs?
6. Differentiate between primary and
" Is it an enzyme or simply a protein?
. What is its function?
reproductive organs. accessory
(c) Morula. 7. Name and describe very briefly, the
development of human embryo. stages in the
" What is this stage?
" Name the stage which comes next to it? 8. Is it correct to say that the testes produce
testosterone. Discuss ?
(d) Amniotic fluid.
" Where is it found?
E. STRUCTUREDIAPPLICATION/SKILL TYPE
" What are its functions?
1 Given below is a diagram of twO
(e) Placenta. systems together
" What are the two sources that form placenta?
in the human body.
1
Name any two main substances which pass from
foetus to mother through placenta. 2

" Name any two hormones it produces. 3

(f) Implantation. A

" The development stage that undergoes this

process. 9
The approximate time after fertilisation, when it
10
OCCurs.

4. Write important functions of the following : (a) Name the systems.

(a) Inguinal canal (b) Testis (c) Ovary (b) Name the parts numbered 1-10.
(d) Oviduct (e) Uterus (c) Describe the functions of the parts 3, 4, 5 &6.
5. Write the specific location of each of the following: (d) What will happen if the part 3 on both sidesgets
blocked?
(a) Seminal vesicle (b) Uterus (c) Placenta
(d) Acrosome (e) Vagina
2. The figure given ahead is an organ system ot
humans. Study the same and answer the following
D. DESCRIPTIVE TYPE questions.
1. Define the following terms :
(a) Reproduction (b) Hernia 5
(c) Ovulation (d) Puberty
(e) Fertilization (f) Hymen 6
2. Distinguish between the following pairs : 2
7
1
(a) Spermatogenesis and oogenesis
(b) Implantation and gestation
(c) Pregnancy and parturition
(d) Placenta and umbilical cord (a) Identify the organ system.
(e) ldentical and fraternal twins (b) Label the guidelines I to 7.
(c) Write one important role of parts 3 and o.
(f) Menarche and menopause tesstosterone
(d) Name the cells of part l that produce located
3. What is the significance of the testes (e) What is the signiticance of the part l being

located in scrotal sacs outside the [Link]

Can in a Separate sac suspended outside
the bohy ?
ot
there be any abnormal situation regarding
gonad

their location? If so, what is that and 3. The figure given below is an important the
tollowing

what is the humans. Study the tigure and answer

harm caused due to it?
questions.
(194 CONCISE BIOLOGY
 (c) How many days does the
4 foetus take to be fully
developed?
(d) Mention two functions of
the parts labelled 2
other than its endocrine function.
(e) Name any one hormone produced
labelled 2: by the part
6. The figure given below is the human female
reproductive system. Study the same and answer the
followings questions.
5
4

(a) Identify the organ. Write its specific location in

the body.
6
(b) Label the parts shown in the figure as 1 to 4. 2

(c) Write important functions of parts 2 and 4.

(d) Name one cellular structure and one hormone
which are produced in part 3.
(e) Draw a neat and labelled diagram of the cellular (a) Label the guidelines 1 to 6 shown in the figure.
structure mentioned by you in (d). (b) What is the normal gestation period in human ?
4 Given below is the outline of the male reproductive (c) Where are the sperms released during coitus ?
system. Name the parts labelled 1 to 8. Also name (d) Write two important functions of part 2.
the corresponding structure of part (4) in female (e) Mention the technical term for the fixing of
reproductive system. developing zygote to the uterine wall.

7. The diagram below represents two reproductive cells

A and B. Study the same and then answer the
questions that follow :

D. The diagram below is that of a developing human

same and answer the
foetus in the womb. Study the
questions that follow : (a) Identify the reproductive cells A and B.
(b) Name the specific part of the reproductive systen
2. where the above cells are produced.
5 (c) Where in the female reproductive system do these
cells unite?

(d) Name the mainhormones secreted by the () ovary

(2) testes.
(e) Name an accessory gland tound in the male
indicated by guidelines. reproductive system and state the tunction of its
(a) Name the pparts 'I' to 5' period of development secretion.
to the
(b) What term is given womb?
i n the
of the foetus
195)
 Review Questions
11. Assertion (A) : Lamarck's
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE TYPE theory
of acquired characters is mainly inheritance
of
(Select the most appropriate option in cach case)
1. Which of the following is not avestigial organ ?
"'survival of the fittest". based on
(a) Vermiform appendix (b) Caecum Reason (R) : Lamarck has explained
(c) Wisdom tecth (d) Ear pinna of 'use and disuse' with the his principle
neck.
example of Giraf e s
2. The selective agent that was responsible for
causing the change in peppered moth was (a) (1) (b) (2) (c) (3)
(a) Lichens
(d) (4
(b) Humans 12. Assertion (A) : The analogous
() Birds (d) Pollution vermiform appendix in herbivorous organ to the
mammais.
3. The first scientist who proposed his theory for quite helpful in digesting cellulose. But it e
evolution was ; considered a vestigial organ in humans.
(a) Darwin (b) Lamarck
(c) Mendel
Reason (R) : Vermiform appendix is a wde
(d) Wallace
4. The theory proposed by Lamarck is :
worm-like tubular structure, projecting trom he
(a) Autogenesis theory
blind part of the colon (a part of large intestine.
(b) Germplasm theory Its function is the same as that of the colon, ie
(c) Theory of inheritance of acquired characters
(d) Theory of abiogenesis absorption of water and Some remnants of
5. Charles Darwin explained the origin of species digested food.
through : (a) (1) (b) (2) (c) (3) (d) (4
(a) Mutation (b) Natural selection 13. Assertion (A): The theory of natural selection.
(c) Acquired characters (d) Hybridization proposed by Charles Darwin, is a fundamentai
6. Which one of the following was not explained by mechanism driving human evolution.
Darwinism ? Reason (R) : Natural selection operates through
(2) Natural selection (b) Struggle for existence the preservation of favourable variations that
(c) Use and disuse (d) Survival of the fittest enhance an organism's ability to survive and
7. Which of the following human ancestral stages
reproduce, leading to the gradual adaptation ot
came just before the modern man ? populations to their environments over time
(a) Cro-magnon (b) Ramapithecus
(c) Homo habilis
B. SHORT ANSWER TYPE
(d) Neanderthal man
8. The scientist who is regarded as the Father of 1. Mention four main postulates of Darwins theor.
Evolution" is : 2. The range of cranial capacities in the tolowng
(a) Gregor Mendel (b) Walther Flemming ancestral forms were
(c) Charles Darwin (d) Jean-Baptiste ILamarck (a) Australopithecus.
9. Industrial melanism was highlighted by: (b) Homo habilis
(a) Polar bear (b) Butterfly (c) Homo erectus
(c) Peppered moth (d) Giraffe (d) Cro-magnon
10. The famous book "The Origin of Species" Was
written by : (e) Homno sapiens sapiens
3. Mention the two principles through which Latarck
(a) Car Linnaeus (b) Charles Darwin
(c) Jean-Baptiste [Link] (d) Gregor Mendel explained his ideas. humans.
The following questions are Assertion Reason based 4. Namne any three vestigial 0rgans tound in
whichis
questions. Choose the answer hased on the codes given 5. Give the scientitic name of the Organisnm

Selectioa
below. cited as the classical example "Natural
tollowing

() A is True and R is False (2) A is ralse 6. lick mark (V) the corret opiOn in the
and R is lrue
(3) Both AandR are True (4) Both A statements /
and R are talse complete
(a) The fossil history ot humans is
tragmenlary.
204
CONCISE RIOLOGY
 remarkable human fossil was that of
first
(b) the
[Link]/H. africanus. B
continuing/promptly ending B
le) Evolution is an ever
process.
AA
C. DESCRIPTIVE TYPE
:
1 Define the following terms
(a) Evolution (b) Vestigial organs
(c) Speciation (d) Bipedalism Answer the following :
(e) Natural selection
(a) What name has been given to this phenomenon?
2. Distinguish between :
scientific name
(b) Give the common name and the
(a) Australopithecus and Cro-Magnon (Chin) of the insect involved in this phenomenon.
(b) Australopithecus and Modern man (Body hair) (c) Briefly mention why the changes shown
in the two
(c) Homo habilis and Homo sapiens sapiens (Posture) figures appeared.
provides a classical
3. Differentiate between Lamarck's Theory and (d) The following phenomenon certain
Darwin's Theory. explanation of a scientific theory given by a
scientist.
D. STRUCTURED/APPLICATION/SKILL TYPE
(i) Namne and explain the said theory.
who gave this
1. Given below are two figures (A and B) representing (ii) Give the name of the scientist
beings.
the two stages in the evolution of human theory.
below and answer the
3. Observe the figure given
questions that follow :

B
A

Answer the following : characters between (a) What is the figure depicting ?
any two contrasting giraffe stretched their
(2) Mention (b) What was the reason that the
the two stages. neck and forelimbs ?
evolution in their being
stages of human (c) What is the name of the theory that is
(0) Write all the
correct sequence. features of depicted in the figure ?
(d) Who explained the theory ?
characteristic
(c) State any two
stage B. (e) What is the conclusion of this theory ?
figures (A and B) showing a
. Given below are two observed in
Manchester
Pnenomenon that was first
before and after the year 1850.

(205
 Review Questions
MULTIPLE CHOICE TYPE
A. 10. What are the
age
Select the most appropriate option in each case) for boys and girls restrictions for
in India ? marriage by law
1. The statistical study of human population is: (a) 18 years, 21 years
(a) Population density(b) Population growth (b) 21 years, 19
(c) 21 years, 18 years years
(c) Demography (d) Population explosion (d) 18 years, 17
The following questions are years
, Surgical method of sterilization in women Assertion-Reason based
questions. Choose the answer based
involves cutting and tying of : below. on the codes given
(a) Ureter (b) Fallopian tube (1) A is True and R is False (2)
A is False and R is True
(c) Uterus (d) Urethra (3) Both A and are True (4) Both
A and R are False
3. When the number of individuals added to the 11. Assertion (A) : Population density
population exceeds the number of individuals is
of individuals in an area of 100 squarethe number
lost, there is : kilometers
per year.
(a) Decrease in carrying capacity Reason (R) : Population density gives us an idea
(b) Exponential population growth of all the living organisms of different species in
(c) Zero population growth a particular area every year.
(d) Decrease in biotic potential (a) (1) (b) (2) (c) (3) (d) (4)
4. The symbol of family welfare is : 12. Assertion (A) : Tubectomy is a temporary
(a) Red circle method of contraception for males in which the
(b) Green triangle
(c) Red square (d) Red inverted triangle sperm ducts are cut and ligated with a nylon
thread.
5. Death rate is the number of deaths :
Reason (R): Tubectomy closes the passage of the
(a) per l000 people per year sperms. The sperm duct is also known as vas
(b) per 100 people per decade deferens, which stores the sperms for some days
during which they mature and become motile.
(c) per 1000 people per decade
(a) (1) (b) (2) (c) (3) (d) (4)
(d) per 100 people per year
13. Assertion (A):Fossil fuels are renewable and
O. What was directly responsible for the rapid rise non-conventional sources of energy.
of world population in the twentieth century ? Reason: (R) : The underground reserves of coal
(a) Better education and jobs and petroleum are depleting fast. People should
(b) Religious and social customs look at other non-conventional sources of energy
(c) Better healthcare like solar energy, tidal energy, etc. for their use.
(d) Increased food production (a) (1) (b) (2) (c) (3) (d) (4)
non-conventional
I. Which of the following is not a B. VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE
Source of energy ? 1. Give the technical term for the statistical study of
(a) Nuclear energY (b) Tidal energy
human population of a region.
(d) Wind energy
(c) Petroleum energy 2. Name two surgical techniques (one for the human
6. Birth rate is technically termed as : male and another for the human female) that can
(b) Natality be used to prevent pregnancy.
(a) Population density (d) Mortality
(c) Carrying capacity exhaustible
source C. SHORT ANSWER TYPE
an
9. Which of the following is 1. Mention whether the following statementsare true
of energy (b) Nuclear energy (T) or false (F).
(a) Fossil fuels (d) Wind energY (a) Vasectomy is the surgical nmethod of sterilisation in
(c) Solar energy human males. (T/F)

(217
Problems
and Rising
 (e) Cutting down of forests : Deforestation
(b) Tubectomy is the placing of a diaphragm on the more trees
:: Planting
cervix. (T/F)
(T/F) D. DESCRIPTIVE TYPE
(c) Cow was the first domesticated animal.
(d) Rapidly growing industries favoured 1. Define the following terms :
population rise. (T/F) (a) Population (b) Population density
(e) Present human population growth is (c) Demography (d) Resources
following arithmetic progression. (T/F) (e) Growth rate of population
(f) Birth rate(natality) is the number of live 2. Distinguish between the following pairs:
births per hundred people of population per (a) Exhaustible and Inexhaustible resources.
decade. (T/F)
(b) Conventional and Non-conventional sources of energy
(g) Tubectomy is a popular surgical method (c) Natality and Mortality.
of contraception in human males. (T/F) (d) Tubectomy and Vasectomy.
2. Give two advantages of a small family. (e) Deforestation and Afforestation.
3. List three major landmarks in human history which 3. What do you mean by the 3Rs in the context of
contributed to the sudden rise in population of the sustainable development ?
world.
4. Our resources cannot keep pace with the rising
4. What is meant by family welfare centres ?What is population. Give three examples in support of this
the symbol of family welfare in our country ? statement.

5. Sterilisation in men means preventing the flow of 5. How can the knowledge of the process of
sperms into the seminal vesicles by cutting and reproduction help people in limiting the size of their
ligating the vas deferens. Can there be a families? Give two concrete examples.
corresponding operation made in women ?If yes, 6. What is the idea behind the phrase "population
where ?
explosion?
6. Write the full forms of the following abbreviations :
(a) IUDs (b) MTP E. STRUCTUREDIAPPLICATION/SKILL TYPE
7. Explain briefly the relationship between poverty and 1. Given below are hypothetical figures in regard to
population and how one affects the other. population (in crores) of two countries A and B
8. Mention two reasons for the rapid increase of
during the last three decades.
population in India. Country 1971 1981 1991
A 6.4 9.6 10.6
9. Match the terms given in column A with those in
B 15.7 15.7 15.3
column B.
Column A Column B Fill in the blanks :
(a) Forest (i) Arithmetic progression (a) Rate of growth of population of country
(b) Food (i) Geometric progression has declined between years and
(c) Population (ii) Deforestation (b) The country shows negative population
(d) Coal (iv) Afforestation growth between years and
(e) Flash floods (v)
Renewable source of energy (c) The country shows zero population
(vi)
Non-renewable source of energy growth between years .,..... nd
10. Given below are some sets of paired terms. The first
pair indicates the relationship between the two terms. 2. Observe the diagrams (A) and (B) given below antd
answer the following questions.
Rewrite and complete the second pair on asimilar
basis. 3

(a) Death rate : Mortality :: Birth rate

(b) Tubectomy : Oviduct :: Vasectomy
(c) Intrauterine device : Copper-T :: Oral pills:
(d) Barrier method : Diaphragms :
Surgical method :
(A) (B)
218
CONCSE BIOLOGY2
 (a) Label the parts 1 to 5. (c) Out of (a) and (b), explain why (a) is preferred over (b)
(b) What does figure A depict ? when considering permanent contraception ?
(c) What does figure Bdepict? 4. Rising population is one of the major issues that
(d) Comment on P and Q. India is facingcurrently. It has adversely impacted
(e) Mention one function each of part 2 and 4. the environment as well as food production
3 Kishan and Malti are married and have three capacity. Answer the questions that follow :
children. They have decided not to have any more (a) Mention two main factors responsible for population
children and are considering permanent surgical explosion.
methods of contraception. (b) It is the need of the hour to adopt population control
measures. Give two reasons to substantiate
the above
(a) Which surgical method can Kishan undergo? statement.
(b) Can Malti also undergo some sort of a permanent
(c) Mention two Intro Uterine Devices (IUDs) that are
surgical method like Kishan as answered by
you in (a)?
commonly used for contraception in India.
 Review Questions
TYPE 11. Assertion (A) : Pesticides are the chemical
MULTIPLE CHOICE
A substances used in agriculture to destroy pests.
option in each case)
Select the most appropriate Reason (R): DDT is an example of a pesticide
, Which of the following is an example of a green which was once widely used all over India. Pests
house gas ? are the enemies of crop.
(a) Sulphur dioxide (b) Methane (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
(a) 1
(c) Oxygen (d) Nitrogen 12. Assertion (A):Ozone layer is a sort of sunscreen
chlorofluoro carbons is :
2, The prime source of present high up in the atmosphere which prevents
(a) Domestic sewage (b) Refrigeration equipment the harmful ultra-violet rays of the sun from
(d) Vehicular emissions
(c) Industrial effluents harming us.
allotropic form of
3. Which of the following gas can cause acid
rain ? Reason (R) : Ozone is an
(a) Sulphur dioxide (b) Ammonia which is formed in the atmosphere due
carbon
chloroflurocarbons
(c) Hydrogen (d) Nitrogen to the release of
(c) (3) (d) (4)
(b) (2)
4. Which of the following is responsible for causing (a) (1)
greenhouse effect is
the ozone hole? 13. Assertion (A) : The nitrogen oxides
(a) Methane
(b) Carbon dioxide exacerbated by the presence of
the atmosphere,
(d) Sulphur dioxide and sulphur oxides in
(c) Aerosols
intensifying the absorption
of heat and
non-biodegradable ?
5. Which of the following is contributing to global warming.
(b) Wood sulphur,
(a) Tea leaves
(d) Nylon
Reason (R) : Oxides of nitrogen and
(c) Animal bones industrial activities
primarily released through
to get rid of non amplify the
6. One of the best solutions and combustion processes,
heat-trapping
biodegradable wastes is : greenhouse effect by enhancing the
to an
(a) Dumping
(b) Incinerating capacities of the atmosphere, leading
(c) Recycling
(d) Composting increase in the average global temperatures.
environment is (c) (3) (d) (4)
undesirable change in the (a) (1) (b) (2)
7. An
called as : TYPE
(b) Population B. VERY SHORT ANSWER
(a) Pollutant
(d) None of these 1. Name the following pollutants :
(c) Pollution (i) A pollutant which is mainly responsible tor causing
effect leads to
8. The greenhouse (b) Oil spills acid rain
of ozone
(a) Thermal pollution (d) Global warming (ii) Any two chemicals leading to the formation
(c) Droughts holes.
usually measured
content of X-rays is related
9. The energy 2. Match the items in column Iwith the closely
in : (b) Protium
ones in column II.
(a) Proton Column I ColumaIl
(d) None of these
(c) Photon radioactive (i) Chlorofluocarbons (CFCs) (a) Global warming
following is a
10. Which of the (i) Fly ash (b) Biodegradable
pollutant ? () Nuclear radiation
(b) Iodine-113 (üi) Cow dung
(a) Jodine-131
(d) Cobalt- 16 pollutant
(c) lodine-313
based (iv) CO, and methane (d) Acid rain
are Assertion Reason
The foilowing questions based on the codes given (v) Sulphur dioxide (e) Industrial wvaste
questions. Cho0se the answer (vi) lodine - 131 (0) Ozone depletion
below.
Ais True and R is False (2) A is False and Ris True
(1)
Both A and R are True (4) Both Aand R are False
(3)
 3. Fill in the blanks : 2. Look at a cartoonist's presentation of a
pollution given beclow. kind of
(i) Rubber particles and dust raised by running motor
vehicles are exanples of pollutants.
in a medical
(i) Too frequent exposure to
diagnostic technique may damage chromosomes.
(ii) Thermal power plants give out a lot of
waste water.

(iv) Sewage is a liquid waste from

4. Write the full forms of cach :
(a) DDT (b) ODF (c) CFCs
(d) CNG (e) LPG
5. Give two examples of : (i) Name the kind of pollution.
(a) Biodegradable wastes (b) Non-biodegradable wastes (iü) List the sources of poBlution.
(c) Particulate pollutants (d) Greenhouse gases (iii) Mention any two harmful eftects of this poiutton
(e) Radioactive pollutants 3. The following picture depicts a certain phenomenon.
C. SHORT ANSWER TYPE
1. List one major harmful effect of each of the following:
(i) Rivers contaminated with sewage.
(ii) Too much gaseous exhausts containing CO, and SO,.
(iüi) Pesticides such as DDT used in agriculture.
(iv) Prolonged noise such as the one produced by
crackers.
2. List the three major constituents of sewage.
3. What are the common sources of oil spills ? How () Name the phernomenon and explain it.
do they affect sea life? (ii) Enlist the sources that are responsible tor the above
4. Mention any two mneasures to minimise noise mentioned phenomenon.
(iiü) List out the eftects of the above phenomenon ot
pollution. humans.
5. Briefly mention about 'Swachh Bharat Abhiyan" 4. The picture below shows a campaign recently starteu
When was it launched and what are its objectives? by the Indian Government.
D. DESCRIPTIVE TYPE
1. Define the following terms :
(a) Pollution (b) Waste
(c) Air pollution (d) Oil spills
(e) Pesticides () Sanitary landfills
(g) Noise
2. Distinguish between the following pairs
(a) Sewage and effluents.
(b) Biodegradable and Non tbiodegr adable waste
(c) Smoke and smog
E. STRUCTURED/APPLICATION/SKILL TYPE (1) When was this canpalgn lauiihcd?
J. A lot of fish are dying near a sea () Mention th hiet obËectives ot this canpaig
shore. Describe any
two possible causes. 5. The figure given below shows a kind ot pollution
Study the figure and answer the tollowing questio
(230
 (i) Identify the kind of
(ii) Mention four main
pollution and define it.
sources of the
(iii) Write two harmful effects the pollution.
DOOO
pollution for the living [Link]-mentioned
o OODODOd 7. Study the pictures given below of the two
Do DDo0Do main
OBD00DD000O0 categories of wastes and answer the questions :
O0000000000

(A) (B)
(i) Define the kind of pollution shown here.
(i) Identify the categories of wastes in (A) and (B).
(i) Namne two types of the kind of pollution shown here. (ii) Which of the above category of wastes can be used
(iii) Write two main sources of above mentioned to prepare compost ?
pollution with one example each. (iii) Mention one control measure to manage the waste
(iv) Write two points to control the given pollution. of category (B).
6. Study the figure shown here and answer the following 8. Pollution is on the risedue toa rapid increase in the
questions. number of automobiles and buildings. All of these
release a large amount of harmful gases and
particulate pollutants in the atmosphere which react
with atmospheric moisture and produce various
kinds of acidic gases.
(i) Mention two main gases which are emitted from the
industries into the atmosphere.
(ii) What are the two main acids produced in the atmo
sphere when poisonous gases combine with the at
mospheric moisture?
(iii) Write two harmful effects of acid rain.