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ENERGY, WORK AND POWER
1 A ball moves upwards as shown in Fig. 1.1. The ball rises from its initial position
at J to its maximum height at K, hits the ground again at L, bounces a few times
and rolls to rest at M.
Fig.1.1
(a) State the principal energy changes of the ball
(i) between J and K,
…………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) between K and L,
…………………………………………………………………………..
(iii) between L and M.
…………………………………………………………………………
[5]
(b) At M, the ball has less energy than it had at J. What has happened to the
energy it has lost?
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………….[2]
2 A stone is released from rest and falls to the ground. The potential energy of the
stone before release is 4000 J.
(a) What is the
main energy change as the stone falls?
………………………. …………………. [2]
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(b) Tick the correct boxes to show the potential energy and kinetic energy of the
stone at various positions in its fall. One box has been filled in for you.
(i) At the top of the motion before release
The potential energy of the stone is 4000J 2000J 1000J 0J
The kinetic energy of the stone is 4000J 2000J 1000J 0J
(ii) Half way down to the ground
The potential energy of the stone is 4000J 2000J 1000J 0J
The kinetic energy of the stone is 4000J 2000J 1000J 0J
(iii) As the stone hits the ground
The potential energy of the stone is 4000J 2000J 1000J 0J
The kinetic energy of the stone is 4000J 2000J 1000J 0J
(c) What assumption did you make in (b)?
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
3 (a) (i) Define work and give the name and symbol for an SI unit in which it is
measured.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
Unit of work: ……………….. Symbol:…………………………..
(ii) Define power and give the name and symbol for an SI unit in which it is
measured.
....................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
Unit of power:………….. Symbol:……………………………….
[4]
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(b) A student of mass 60 Kg runs a flight of stairs of height 4.0 m in a time of 3.0
s. Calculate, assuming that the gravitational force on a mass of 1.00 kg is 10.0 N
(i) the student’s gain in potential energy
Potential energy =………………………
(ii) the useful power developed by the student in climbing the stairs.
Useful power = ……………………….
4 A 1.6 m tall woman lifts a 10 kg bundle of firewood from the ground onto her
head.
(a) How much work does she do?
Work= ……………….. J[2]
(b) She takes 2 seconds to lift the bundle. How much power does she develop?
Power = ……………...W [2]
(c) If the bundle is lifted by a taller woman, will she do more, less or the same
amount of work?
…………………………………………………………………………..
Explain your answer.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………[2].
5 Figure 5.1 shows a child on the park swing.
Fig.5.1
(a) On figure above, state in which position A, B, C, D would
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(i) the speed of the child be maximum,
…………………………………………………………..
(ii) the air resistance be maximum
…………………………………………………………………………. [2]
(b) Discuss the energy changes taking place as the child oscillates freely and
comes to rest after some time.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………[2]
6 An arrow of mass 0.25 Kg is shot vertically upwards from a bow. The arrow takes
off with a velocity of 10 m/s.
(a) Calculate the kinetic energy of the arrow at take off.
Kinetic energy= ………….J[2]
(b) How much potential energy will the arrow have gained by the time it reaches
the highest point? Neglect air resistance.
Potential energy = ………….. J[1]
(c) Calculate the maximum height reached by the arrow.
Maximum height = …………… [3]
7 Fig.7.1 shows a ball thrown vertically upward from point A, reaching a maximum
height at point B and then falling to point C. Air resistance can be ignored in this
question.
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Fig.7.1
The initial speed of the ball at point A is 10 m/s.
(a) (i) State the vertical speed of the ball at point B.
Speed at B= ………….
(ii) What is the speed of the ball as it passes point A on its way down?
Speed at A = …………….
[2]
(b) State the main energy change as the ball falls from B to C.
……………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………[2]
8 Fig.8.1 shows a boy drawing water from a well, which is 12 m deep. The bucket
rises at a constant speed.
Fig.8.1
(a) The bucket and the water have a total mass of 15 kg. Calculate the energy
gained by the bucket and the water when it is raised 12 m in height.
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Energy gained = …………….[2]
(b) (i) How does the amount of energy used by the boy compare with the amount
of energy gained by the water and bucket? Tick one box.
equal
smaller
larger
(i) Explain your answer to (i).
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
9 A donkey pulls a cart with a constant force of 100 N as shown in fig.9.1. The cart
moves a horizontal distance of 30 m.
Fig.9.1
(a) Calculate the total work done by the donkey.
Total work done= ……………………J[2]
(b) The donkey takes 60 s to move the 30 m. Calculate the power developed by
the donkey.
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Power developed = ………………W [2]
10 Fig.10.1 shows a solar panel used to run an electric motor.
Fig.10.1
(a) what is the energy change in the solar panel?
………………………. …………………. [2]
(b) The motor raises a load of 0.2 N to a height of 3 m in 5 s.
(i) what form of energy does the load gain as it rises?
……………………………………………………………………. [1]
(ii) Calculate the work done by the motor to raise the load.
Work done = ………………J [2]
11 Fig.11.1 shows a satellite orbiting the Earth.
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Fig.11.1
The satellite is powered by a solar panel.
(a) The energy received by 1.5 m2 of the panel every second is 1000 J. The total
area of the solar panel is 20 m2.
(i) Calculate the total energy received by the panel every second.
Total energy = …………….
(ii) Only 17 % of this energy is converted into useful forms.
Calculate the power available from the panel.
Power = …………………………. [4]
12 Fig.12.1 shows a crane. The crane is used to lift scrap metal.
Fig.12.1
The crane lifts scrap metal of mass 450 Kg to a height of 2.0 m in 3.0 s. A mass of
1.0 kg weighs 10 N. Calculate
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(a) the work done in lifting the scrap metal
Work = …………………….
(b) the power output of the crane.
Power = ……………………………
