8/12/24

SCIENCE,
TECHNOLOGY,
and SOCIETY Why STS?
Jere Pineda, LPT, [Link].
Instructor

1 2

Introduction to STS Introduction to STS

• Risk assessment and promotion of
• Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research-based solutions
field

• examines and reflects on science and

Tilapia Sex
Reversal
technology's impacts
Technology by
Dr. Rafael
Guerrero

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Why STS?
Introduction to STS
• opportunity to compare science, Informed Decision-Making: Empowerment and Engagement:
Helps people make better Encourages public participation in
technology, and society with each choices about technology use science and technology
other and policy. discussions.

Kevin Ashton’s RFID • appreciate how science and

Tags on Lipstick technology contribute to the latest
packaging knowledge/information construction
Ethical Awareness:
Raises awareness of ethical Social Impact Understanding:
[Link] issues in technological Highlights how science and
6v67BgcVy4 advancements. technology affects society and
individual lives.
5 6

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Historical Antecedents Objectives:

in Science and Technology
1) Identify key historical events where societal considerations
influenced scientific or technological advancements.

2) Explain how specific societal needs or values during

different historical periods led to significant developments
in science and technology.

3) Discuss the interactions between S&T and society

throughout history.

4) Discuss how scientific and technological developments

Image sources: Metropolitan Museum of Art | [Link] | [Link] | Ilbusca / Getty Images | Russian News Agency, via Associated Press
affect society and the environment.
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Lesson Outline Definitions of Science, Technology, and Society

I. Definitions of Science, Technology, and Society

II. Activity: Think, Pair and Share
III. Definition of Historical Antecedents
IV. Historical Antecedents in Science and Technology
Ancient Period
• Stone Age (Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic)
• Ancient Civilizations
Middle Age
Science is the Technology is the Society refers to a
• The Islamic Golden Age
• The Renaissance systematic application of group of people in a
Modern Period study of the scientific knowledge specific location who
• The Scientific Revolution
• The Industrial Revolution natural world and techniques to interact with one
• Medical Advancements and Public Health through create tools, systems, another and share
• The Space Race
scientific and processes that common values,
• The Information Age
• Environmental and Sustainable Technologies methods. solve problems and traditions, institutions,
VI. Summary improve human and collective
VII. Assessments conditions. activities.
VIII. Exit Ticket

9 10

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Definitions of Science, Technology, and Society Definitions of Science, Technology, and Society

Science: Technology: Society:

Heat Transfer Total Blackout Curtains Everyone needs to

reduce their carbon
footprint.

People need a stable

and comfortable indoor
environment.

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Historical Antecedents
in Science and Technology
that
Influenced/
shaped
science

Societal considerations/issues

technology

Image sources: Metropolitan Museum of Art | [Link] | [Link] | Ilbusca / Getty Images | Russian News Agency, via Associated Press

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Historical Antecedents Fiber internet

5G Technology

• refers to events (societal Technological

We’re
considerations or Advancement here!
issues), conditions,
ideas, or developments
that occurred in the
that
past and have Influenced/
science
significantly influenced shaped

or shaped subsequent
events or conditions 2015 2020 2025
• provide a context and Societal
Social issue: The needs
considerations/issues
background for COVID-19
for a better
understanding the internet
present and predicting technology
Pandemic connection
future trends

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HISTORY

ANCIENT MIDDLE MODERN

• Food production
• increase of new inventions, • faster production of goods
• safety and protection
• introduction of innovations • more efficient means of
• Communication
• emergence of scientific transportation
• record-keeping
thinking and method • faster and easier means to
• transportation & navigation
communicate and compute
• mass production
• architecture

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Paleolithic Period (Old Stone Age)

2.5 million years ago to around 10,000 BCE

Societal Influence on Science and Technological Advancements

Considerations/Issues
• Early human • Development of tools for hunting, food preparation, and
societies faced safety
significant
challenges in

ANCIENT securing food,

shelter, and

PERIOD protection from

predators.

• the start of early civilization that also • Their primary focus

gave rise to the major advancement of was on survival
and meeting basic S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t

science and technology. needs.

S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t

flint
hand axes (bifaces) Levallois Core arrowhead

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Mesolithic Period (Middle Stone Age)

Approximately 10,000 BCE to around 8,000 BCE

Societal Influence on Science and Technological Advancements

Considerations/Issues
• A gradual shift • Development of more specialized tools for hunting (fishing)
from nomadic • Combining different tools to enhance functionality
lifestyles to more • More controlled use of fire for warmth, cooking and tool-
settled making
communities,
often near water
sources.

S o u r c e : W o r ld M o n u m e n t F u n d

S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t

Ash layers and charred

bone fragments in microlith
Wonderwerk Cave

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Neolithic Period (New Stone Age): Ancient Civilizations

Approximately 8,000 BCE to around 2,000 BCE. Ancient Egypt (c. 3100 BCE - 30 BCE), Mesopotamia (c. 3500 BCE - 539 BCE),
Ancient Greece (c. 800 BCE - 600 CE), and Ancient Rome (753 BCE - 476 CE)
Societal Influence on Science and Technological Advancements Societal
Considerations/Issues Influence on Science and Technological Advancements
Considerations/Issues
• Full transition to • Development of tools for food storage and agricultural • As populations • Mesopotamia: The creation of complex canal systems for
agricultural products grew, the need to irrigation to support agriculture in the arid climate.
societies • Building homes and permanent structures support large
communities with
• Establishment of a stable food
villages and towns, supply became
leading to more crucial.
complex social
structures.

• Increased need for

efficient S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t

management of
S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t
S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t
S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t
S o u r c e : U N E S C O W o r ld H e r it a g e C o n v e n t io n

food, water, and Vase fragment pot Cuneiform tablet impressed with cylinder
Göbekli Tepe Design on Each Side for Waterwheel
other resources seal: record of irrigation work. Worked by Donkey Power

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Ancient Civilizations
Ancient Egypt (c. 3100 BCE - 30 BCE), Mesopotamia (c. 3500 BCE - 539 BCE),
Ancient Greece (c. 800 BCE - 600 CE), and Ancient Rome (753 BCE - 476 CE)
Societal
Considerations/Issues
influence on Science and Technological Advancements CUNEIFORM
• As societies • Mesopotamia: The base-60 number system and cuneiform
became more writing were developed to record economic transactions, • the invention of the first writing system is
complex, there such as the allocation of resources, taxes, trade one of the Sumerians' main contributions.
was a need to agreements, and inventory management.
educate scribes • a device that makes use of word
and officials who
could manage
representations and triangular symbols
records and
administration.
QUESTION TO PONDER:
What do you think was the challenge, problem
S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t

Image Source: Khan Academy

or issue that this invention was trying to
Cuneiform address?
ANCIENT PERIOD
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25 26

Ancient Civilizations
Ancient Egypt (c. 3100 BCE - 30 BCE), Mesopotamia (c. 3500 BCE - 539 BCE),
Ancient Greece (c. 800 BCE - 600 CE), and Ancient Rome (753 BCE - 476 CE)

ANCIENT WHEEL Societal

Considerations/Issues
Influence on Science and Technological Advancements

• As populations • Egypt: The Nile's floodwaters are used through basin

• Developed by Sumerians grew, the need to irrigation techniques to maintain fertile lands.
• Carts & battle chariots support large
• Pottery communities with
• Agriculture (animal traction, irrigation) a stable food
supply became
crucial.

QUESTION TO PONDER:
What do you think was the challenge, problem
S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t

So u rc e : h ttp ://w a te rh isto ry.o rg

or issue that this invention was trying to Banks of the Nile at Cairo Shadoof
ANCIENT PERIOD address?
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27 28

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Ancient Civilizations
Ancient Egypt (c. 3100 BCE - 30 BCE), Mesopotamia (c. 3500 BCE - 539 BCE),
Ancient Greece (c. 800 BCE - 600 CE), and Ancient Rome (753 BCE - 476 CE)

SHADOOF Societal
Considerations/Issues Influence on Science and Technological Advancements
• hand-operated device used for lifting
water • Construction of • Egypt: Construction of the pyramids using precise
monumental measurements and a large workforce, showcasing
• was an early tool invented and used by structures for advanced knowledge of geometry and engineering.
religious worship
ancient Egyptians
and cultural
activities, such as
temples, pyramids,
and

QUESTION TO PONDER: amphitheaters.

What do you think was the challenge, problem

or issue that this invention was trying to S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t

address?
ANCIENT PERIOD Pyramid of Chephren (Khafre), Middle Egypt
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Ancient Civilizations
Ancient Egypt (c. 3100 BCE - 30 BCE), Mesopotamia (c. 3500 BCE - 539 BCE),
Ancient Greece (c. 800 BCE - 600 CE), and Ancient Rome (753 BCE - 476 CE)

HIEROGLYPHICS
Societal Influence on Science and Technological Advancements
Considerations/Issues
• writing system that used symbols
established by the Egyptians • Communication • Egypt: Egyptians developed papyrus that provided a
and record- lightweight, portable, and relatively durable medium for
keeping were writing. This innovation significantly improved the ability to
• well-preserved as they were carved at difficult and record and disseminate information,
pyramid walls and other important inefficient with
structures of Egyptians early writing
materials like
heavy and fragile
clay tablets, and
QUESTION TO PONDER: difficult-to-inscribe
stone or wood.
What do you think was the challenge, problem
Image Source: Khan Academy
or issue that this invention was trying to S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t

ANCIENT PERIOD address? papyrus

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Ancient Civilizations
Ancient Egypt (c. 3100 BCE - 30 BCE), Mesopotamia (c. 3500 BCE - 539 BCE),
Ancient Greece (c. 800 BCE - 600 CE), and Ancient Rome (753 BCE - 476 CE)
PAPYRUS Societal
Considerations/Issues
Influence on Science and Technological Advancements

• Egyptian discovery of paper or papyrus • The growth of • Rome: Building of aqueducts to supply cities with fresh
cities required water, roads to connect the vast empire, and architectural
sophisticated innovations such as the arch and concrete for durable
• papyrus - a plant in Egypt that grew planning and structures.
abundantly along the river Nile construction
techniques.
• they were able to process the plant to
create thin sheets

QUESTION TO PONDER:
What do you think was the challenge, problem
S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t

Image Source: [Link]

or issue that this invention was trying to Aqueduct in Ruins
ANCIENT PERIOD address? 33 34

33 34

Ancient Civilizations
Ancient Egypt (c. 3100 BCE - 30 BCE), Mesopotamia (c. 3500 BCE - 539 BCE),
Ancient Greece (c. 800 BCE - 600 CE), and Ancient Rome (753 BCE - 476 CE)
Societal
Considerations/Issues
Influence on Science and Technological Advancements
NEWSPAPER
• There was a need • Rome: Invention of the Acta Diurna, often considered an
for consistent and early form of a newspaper. • one of the Romans' greatest
reliable
communication of
contributions is newspaper
public information
to a large
• The term "gazette" is more closely
population. associated with early modern Europe,
specifically from the 16th century
• There is a risk of onwards.
disconnect
between the ruling
class and the QUESTION TO PONDER:
general public.
S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t
What do you think was the challenge, problem
or issue that this invention was trying to
ANCIENT PERIOD address?
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Ancient Civilizations
Ancient Egypt (c. 3100 BCE - 30 BCE), Mesopotamia (c. 3500 BCE - 539 BCE),
Ancient Greece (c. 800 BCE - 600 CE), and Ancient Rome (753 BCE - 476 CE)
Societal
Considerations/Issues
Influence on Science and Technological Advancements WATERMILLS
• Manual labor for • Greece: Greeks developed watermills, which provided a
grinding grain was mechanized solution that significantly reduced the need
• considered one of the greatest
time-consuming for human or animal labor. This increased efficiency in grain contributions of the Greek civilization to
and physically processing, freeing up labor for other productive activities the world
demanding. and improving overall productivity. • Widely used in agriculture with only the
need to use flowing water
• The traditional
method, using
hand-operated
querns or animal-
driven mills, was
inefficient and
limited in capacity.
QUESTION TO PONDER:
S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t

What do you think was the challenge, problem

or issue that this invention was trying to
S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t

watermill
37
ANCIENT PERIOD address? 38

37 38

Ancient Civilizations
Ancient Egypt (c. 3100 BCE - 30 BCE), Mesopotamia (c. 3500 BCE - 539 BCE),
Ancient Greece (c. 800 BCE - 600 CE), and Ancient Rome (753 BCE - 476 CE)
Societal Influence on Science and Technological Advancements
ANTIKYTHERA MECHANISM
Considerations/Issues
• Precise • Greece: The Antikythera Mechanism was designed to track
timekeeping and and predict the cycles of the Moon and Sun, including
the ability to eclipses and the phases of the Moon.
predict celestial • Devised by Greeks; used to predict
events were astronomical position (position of
crucial for various planets, position of sun and moons, etc.)
aspects of daily and eclipses for calendar and
life, including astrological purposes
agriculture,
religious festivals,
and civil events.
QUESTION TO PONDER:
S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t
What do you think was the challenge, problem
or issue that this invention was trying to
ANCIENT PERIOD address?
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Ancient Civilizations
Ancient Egypt (c. 3100 BCE - 30 BCE), Mesopotamia (c. 3500 BCE - 539 BCE),
Ancient Greece (c. 800 BCE - 600 CE), and Ancient Rome (753 BCE - 476 CE)
Societal Influence on Science and Technological Advancements
Considerations/Issues
• Ancient Greek • Greece: The aeolipile served as an early exploration into
AEOLIPILE
society placed a using steam power, which would eventually become a
high value on
knowledge,
cornerstone of industrial development centuries later. • “wind ball”
discovery, and the
exploration of • a steamed powered turbine which spun
natural when the water container at its center
phenomena. was heated, thus making it practically
• There was a strong the first rudimentary steam engine
cultural emphasis
on understanding
the natural world
through
QUESTION TO PONDER:
observation, What do you think was the challenge, problem
S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t

experimentation, or issue that this invention was trying to

and reasoning.
41
ANCIENT PERIOD address? 42

41 42

MIDDLE AGE
Early Middle Ages
Societal Influence on Science and Technological Advancements
Considerations/Issues
• Inefficient • Invention of heavy plough, which is used to Increase
agricultural agricultural productivity, supporting population growth and
practices urbanization in Europe.

MIDDLE
AGES
• the start of the Middle Ages was marred
by massive invasions and migrations;
wars were prevalent during this time S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t

43 44

43 44

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MIDDLE AGE
Early Middle Period
Societal
HEAVY PLOUGH Considerations/Issues
Influence on Science and Technological Advancements

• Difficulties in • The introduction of Jiaozi allowed for easier and more

• developed to cut a long soil slice and carrying and secure transactions, facilitating trade, economic growth,
storing wealth and the expansion of markets across vast distances.
turn it upside down, burying the surface
residue, conserving moisture, aerating
the soil and killing weeds.

[Link]

QUESTION TO PONDER:
What do you think was major improvement in S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t

the society brought by this invention?

MIDDLE AGE
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45 46

MIDDLE AGE
Middle Ages
Societal Influence on Science and Technological Advancements
Considerations/Issues
• Inaccurate • Mechanical Clocks allowed for precise time measurement,

JIAOZI timekeeping influencing daily life and work schedules

• The mechanical clock uses gears, weights, and a

• Paper money was first used by Chinese pendulum or escapement mechanism to regulate the
in 17th century. movement of the hands on a clock face, accurately
measuring time.

QUESTION TO PONDER:
What do you think was major improvement in S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t

the society brought by this invention?ç

MIDDLE AGE
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47 48

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MIDDLE AGE
Middle Ages
Societal Influence on Science and Technological Advancements
Considerations/Issues
MECHANICAL CLOCK • Warfare was
dominated by
• Gunpowder weapons, such as cannons and firearms,
leveled the playing field by allowing smaller forces to inflict
close combat and substantial damage from a distance, thereby challenging
siege tactics, the traditional dominance of heavily armored knights and
• The development of mechanical clock which limited the fortified castles.
helped the people in accurately keeping ability of smaller or
the track of time. less wealthy states
to defend
themselves or
challenge more
powerful entities.
QUESTION TO PONDER:
What do you think was major improvement in S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t

the society brought by this invention?

MIDDLE AGE
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49 50

MIDDLE AGE
The Islamic Golden Age
WAR WEAPON (GUN Societal
Considerations/Issues
Influence on Science and Technological Advancements

POWDER) • Poor maritime

navigation
• Muslim scholars and scientists, such as Al-Fazari and Al-
Zarqali, significantly refined and advanced the design and
use of the astrolabe, building on earlier Greek and Roman
• Around 850 A.D., Chinese alchemists • The need for long- knowledge.
accidentally invented the gunpowder. distance sea travel • Astrolabes were crucial for maritime navigation, allowing
sailors to determine their latitude by measuring the altitude
• The invention of gunpowder has allowed of stars or the sun.
advanced warfare such as fiery arrows, • The need for safer
cannons, and grenades. and more efficient
trade routes

QUESTION TO PONDER:
What do you think was major improvement in
S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t

the society brought by this invention?

MIDDLE AGE
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MIDDLE AGE
The Renaissance
Societal
Considerations/Issues
Influence on Science and Technological Advancements PRINTING PRESS
• Before the printing • The printing press made books more affordable and widely
press, books were available, democratizing access to knowledge and • Johann Gutenberg managed to invent
copied by hand, education, which was previously limited to the wealthy the printing press after the Chinese
making them rare elite and the clergy. invented woodblock printing, a more
and expensive. • The wider availability of books contributed to increasing efficient method of printing using a cast
literacy rates among the general population. type

The
Invention
of Book QUESTION TO PONDER:
Printing S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t

What do you think was major improvement in

S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t the society brought by this invention?
53
MIDDLE AGE
54

53 54

MIDDLE AGE
The Renaissance
Societal Influence on Science and Technological Advancements
Considerations/Issues
• Limited knowledge • Development of a telescope to expand understanding of
TELESCOPE
of astronomy the universe, supporting scientific discoveries.

• The telescope uses lenses (refracting telescope) or mirrors • The telescope's invention, an optical
(reflecting telescope) to collect and focus light, allowing
instrument that helps to view distant
distant objects in space to be observed clearly. objects, has been of great benefit to
navigators

QUESTION TO PONDER:
S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t

What do you think was major improvement in

the society brought by this invention?
55
MIDDLE AGE
56

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MIDDLE AGE
Early Modern Period
Societal
Considerations/Issues
Influence on Science and Technological Advancements
MISCROSCOPE
• Limited • The development of the microscope revolutionized
understanding of science and medicine by allowing the study of cells and • in earlier years, Zacharias Janssen was
microorganisms microorganisms
able to create the first compound
• many diseases
microscope, led by the principles used
and biological
for the invention of eyeglasses.
processes were
poorly understood

QUESTION TO PONDER:
S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t

What do you think was major improvement in

the society brought by this invention?
S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t

57
MIDDLE AGE
58

57 58

MODERN AGE
17th century (1642 for Pascaline) onward
Societal Influence on Science and Technological Advancements
Considerations/Issues
• the need for • Calculators automate complex calculations, reducing
accurate and human error, saving time, and making advanced
• The demands of the booming world efficient mathematics more accessible to a broader population..
population during the nineteenth mathematical

MODERN century onwards:

• Communication
computations in
various fields,

AGE • Food Processing

including
education,
science,
• Medicine and health engineering,
finance, and
everyday life.
S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t

59 60

59 60

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MODERN AGE
Late 18th century (1796)
Societal Influence on Science and Technological Advancements
Considerations/Issues

CALCULATOR • Spread of
infectious diseases
• Vaccination drastically reduced the incidence of deadly
diseases, leading to eradication
like smallpox
• Vaccination is a medical procedure that involves
• The invention of modern calculators
administering a vaccine to stimulate the body's immune
not only paved the way for simpler system to protect against specific infectious diseases.
arithmetical calculations but also
created more complicated
processing machines.

QUESTION TO PONDER:
How do these advancements influence the S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t

way of life in the present?

MODERN AGE
61 62

61 62

MODERN AGE
19th century (1840s)
Societal Influence on Science and Technological Advancements
VACCINATION Considerations/Issues
• spread of • Hand washing significantly lowered the mortality rates in
infections in hospitals
medical settings
• Edward Jenner inoculated James Phipps
with cowpox, a virus similar to smallpox, • Semmelweis
to trigger immunity. observed that the
maternal mortality
rate due to
puerperal fever
was significantly
higher
QUESTION TO PONDER:
How do these advancements influence the S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t

way of life in the present?

MODERN AGE
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63 64

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MODERN AGE
19th century (1860s)
HANDWASHING Societal Influence on Science and Technological Advancements
Considerations/Issues
• Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis was a
Hungarian gynecologist who is known as • food spoils quickly • Pasteurization increased food safety and extended the
a pioneer of antiseptic procedures. and the shelf life of dairy and other perishables
prevalence of
Semmelweis discovered that the foodborne illnesses
incidence of puerperal fever could be
drastically cut by the use of hand
disinfection in obstetrical clinics.

QUESTION TO PONDER:
How do these advancements influence the S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t

way of life in the present?

MODERN AGE
65 66

65 66

MODERN AGE
19th century (1850s onward)
PASTEURIZATION Societal Influence on Science and Technological Advancements
Considerations/Issues
• French biologist, microbiologist, and • Issue of meeting • Petroleum refinery enables the efficient processing of
chemist Louis Pasteur developed the growing crude oil into various products like gasoline, diesel, and jet
pasteurization, the method of heating demand for fuel, which are critical for economic development,
dairy products to destroy harmful energy and fuel, industrialization, and maintaining the infrastructure of
bacteria, that caused them to spoil more which is essential modern societies.
easily for powering
transportation,
industry, and
modern
economies.

QUESTION TO PONDER:
How do these advancements influence the S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t

way of life in the present?

MODERN AGE
67 68

67 68

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MODERN AGE
19th century (1876)
Societal Influence on Science and Technological Advancements
Considerations/Issues
PETROLEUM REFINERY • Long-distance • The telephone addresses the important societal issue of
communication long-distance communication, enabling people to
connect instantly across vast distances.
• Animal oils production could not keep
up with the demand.
• Petroleum currently is widely used,
among others, in powering
automobiles, factories, and power
plants.
QUESTION TO PONDER:
How do these advancements influence the S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t

way of life in the present?

MODERN AGE
69 70

69 70

MODERN AGE
Early 20th century (1903)
Societal Influence on Science and Technological Advancements
Considerations/Issues
• long-distance • Engine-powered airplanes enabled rapid transportation

TELEPHONE travel limitations across vast distances, connecting the world.

• It enables the rapid movement of people and goods
across the globe, facilitating international trade, cultural
• Alexander Graham Bell's telephone exchange, global connectivity, and emergency response.
development was one of the most
significant developments at the time.

QUESTION TO PONDER:
How do these advancements influence the S o u r c e : T h e M e t r o p o lit a n M u s e u m o f A r t

way of life in the present?

MODERN AGE
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 8/12/24

ENGINE POWERED AIRPLANE

• Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright are

Thank you!
credited for designing and successfully
operating the first engine-powered
aircraft.

• Their pioneering success marked an age

of powered flights and paved the way
for modern aircraft technology

QUESTION TO PONDER:
How do these advancements influence the
MODERN AGE way of life in the present?
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