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Lab 08

The lab report details an experiment on controlling the speed of a DC shunt motor by varying the field current, demonstrating that reducing field current increases motor speed due to decreased magnetic flux. The experiment confirmed the existence of back EMF and its relationship with motor speed, showing that back EMF remains nearly constant with a fixed terminal voltage. Results indicate that effective speed control can be achieved through field current variation, highlighting the significance of back EMF in motor operation.

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Abdullah Al Minhaz Tanjir
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86 views4 pages

Lab 08

The lab report details an experiment on controlling the speed of a DC shunt motor by varying the field current, demonstrating that reducing field current increases motor speed due to decreased magnetic flux. The experiment confirmed the existence of back EMF and its relationship with motor speed, showing that back EMF remains nearly constant with a fixed terminal voltage. Results indicate that effective speed control can be achieved through field current variation, highlighting the significance of back EMF in motor operation.

Uploaded by

Abdullah Al Minhaz Tanjir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Lab Report on Speed Control of a DC Shunt

Motor and Observation of the Existence of


Back EMF Using Field Current Control
Abdullah Al Minhaz
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Jamalpur Science & Technology University

Experiment No: 8
Experiment Name: Speed Control of a DC Shunt Mo-
tor and Observation of the Existence of Back EMF
Using Field Current Control
Objective
• To control the speed of a DC shunt motor by varying the field current.

• To observe the effect of field weakening on motor speed and back EMF.

Theory
In a **DC shunt motor**, the field winding is connected in parallel with the armature.
The speed N of the motor is related to the back EMF Eb and the field flux ϕ by:
Eb
N∝
ϕ
Where:

• Eb = V − Ia Ra is the back EMF,

• V is terminal voltage (kept constant),

• Ia is armature current,

• Ra is armature resistance.

When terminal voltage V is constant, varying the field current If changes the magnetic
flux ϕ. Reducing ϕ (field weakening) causes the speed to increase. Thus, by controlling
the field current, we can control the motor speed.

1
Apparatus Required
• DC Shunt Motor

• DC Power Supply (fixed terminal voltage)

• Field Rheostat

• Voltmeter (0–300V DC)

• Ammeter (0–10A DC)

• Tachometer

• Connecting wires

Circuit Diagram

Figure 1: Circuit diagram for speed control using field current variation

Procedure
1. Connect the circuit as shown.

2. Keep the terminal voltage constant throughout the experiment.

3. Vary the field rheostat to change the field current If .

4. For each setting, record:

• Field current (If )


• Armature current (Ia )
• Motor speed (N )
• Terminal voltage (V )

5. Calculate back EMF using: Eb = V − Ia Ra .

2
6. Plot graphs:

• Speed N vs Field Current If


• Speed N vs Back EMF Eb

Observation Table

Table 1: Speed Control by Field Current Variation

[Link] Field Current (If ) A Armature Current (Ia ) A Speed (RPM) Terminal Voltag
1 1.8 2.0 920 220
2 1.5 2.1 980 220
3 1.2 2.3 1040 220
4 1.0 2.4 1100 220
5 0.8 2.5 1180 220

Graphs

Figure 2: Graph: Speed (RPM) vs Field Current (If )

Result and Discussion


• As the field current decreases, the speed of the motor increases.

• This is due to the reduction in flux ϕ, which increases Eb


ϕ
, hence speed.

• The back EMF remained nearly constant due to the constant terminal voltage and
minor changes in armature current.

• The graphs confirm the inverse relationship between speed and field current, and
the near-linear relation with back EMF.

3
Conclusion
The experiment verified that speed control of a DC shunt motor can be achieved by
varying the field current. As field current decreases (field weakening), speed increases.
This method is effective for increasing motor speed above the base level, and the results
confirm the existence and importance of back EMF in governing motor behavior.

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