RAYA UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES

DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES

ASSESSEMENT OF LAND USE MANAGEMENT PRACTICE ON RURAL AREA: THE CASE OF BUKO ASABI KEBELE, LALO
ASABI WOREDA, WEST WELEGA ZONE, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA

ARESEARCH PAPER SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRON MENTAL STUDIES IN
PARTIAL FULFILLEMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR BACHELOR OF ART (BA) IN GEOGRAPHY AND
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

BY: MILKESA WONDIMU

ADVISOR; AHAMED M

MAY, 2019
Afar Ethiopia
 SAMARA UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SIENCE AND HUMANITIES
DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
ASSESSEMENT OF LAND USE MANAGEMENT PRACTICE ON RURAL
AREA: THE CASE OF BUKO ASABI KEBELE, LALO ASABI WOREDA,
WEST WELLEGAZONE, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA

Approved by committee of Examiner

Signature
Date
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Head of Department

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Advisor
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Examiner
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 Acknowledgment
Firstly I would like to say thanks for my lord Jesus which is help me before I born and help in health care for me
in many direction. Secondly I say. My special thanks also go to my family which is help me up to day and used as
pillar for my learning and living in all condition which is bad or good at any time.
I am greatly indebted to my advisor Ahmed m for his advice and sharing his valuable time and ideas. My special
thanks also goes to Lalo AsabiAgriculture and Rural Development Office, Woreda Administration office, Kebele
leaders and all of my respondents for their unreserved information. In another ways like to say thanks to my father
and my mother which is help me start from lower grade up to day in financially and another things which is needed
for me in my learning.
I have everlasting thanks for all of my friends who contributed their ideas and time directly and/or indirectly to make
this thesis a reality. Finally, for my friends A.T which help me in the idea and when the problem facing in the study
solve with me deserves particular thanks.

Table of Contents
Content Pages
Acknowledgment...........................................................................................................................................................II
Content..........................................................................................................................................................................III
List of figure.................................................................................................................................................................VI
List of Table................................................................................................................................................................VII
Acronyms........................................................................................................................................................................8
Abstract...........................................................................................................................................................................9
CHAPTER ONE...........................................................................................................................................................10
1 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................................10
1.1Background of the study......................................................................................................................................10
1.2 Statement of the Problem....................................................................................................................................11
 1.3 Objectives of the Study.......................................................................................................................................12
1.3.1 General Objectives of the Study..................................................................................................................12
1.3.2 Specific Objectives of the Study..................................................................................................................12
1.4 Research Questions.............................................................................................................................................12
1.5 Significance of the Study....................................................................................................................................13
1.6 Scope of the Study..............................................................................................................................................13
CHAPTER TWO..........................................................................................................................................................14
2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE................................................................................................................14
2.1. Concepts of land management practices............................................................................................................14
2.2. Land management practices in Ethiopia............................................................................................................14
2.3 Theories and Concepts of Sustainable Land Use Management..........................................................................15
2.3.1 Integrated Environmental Management.......................................................................................................16
2.3.2 Participatory Management...........................................................................................................................16
2.3.3 Community Based Management..................................................................................................................17
2.4 Concepts of Land................................................................................................................................................17
2.5 Sustainable Development in a Land Use Management......................................................................................18
2.6 Factors Affecting Sustainable Land Use Management.......................................................................................18
2.6.1 Natural Factors.............................................................................................................................................19
2.6.2 Socio-Economic and Institutional Factors...................................................................................................19
2.6.2.1 Population pressure...............................................................................................................................19
2.6.2.2 Poverty..................................................................................................................................................19
CHAPTER THERE......................................................................................................................................................20
3 DESCRIPTIONS OF THE STUDY AREA AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY..............................................20
3.1. Description of the Study Area............................................................................................................................20
3.1.1 Physical Setting of the Study area...............................................................................................................20
3.1.1.1 Location................................................................................................................................................20
Figure .1 map of study area...............................................................................................................................21
3.1.1.2 Topography...........................................................................................................................................21
3.1.1.3 Climate..................................................................................................................................................21
3.1.2 Socio Economic Activities...........................................................................................................................22
3.1.3 Demographic Characterics...........................................................................................................................22
3.2 Research Method................................................................................................................................................22
3.2.1 Research Design...........................................................................................................................................22
3.2.2 Data Type and Source..................................................................................................................................22
3.3Sampling Design..................................................................................................................................................23
3.3.1 Target population.........................................................................................................................................23
3.3.2Sample Size Determination...........................................................................................................................23
3.3.3 Sampling Techniques and Sample Size.......................................................................................................23
3.4 Data Collection Method and Instruments...........................................................................................................23
 3.4.1 Questionnaire...............................................................................................................................................24
3.4.2 Interview....................................................................................................................................................24
3.4.3 Focus group discussion................................................................................................................................24
3.4.4 Observations................................................................................................................................................25
3.5 Methods of Data Presentation and Analysis.......................................................................................................25
CHAPTER FOUR.........................................................................................................................................................26
RESULT AND DISCUSSION.....................................................................................................................................26
4.1.1 Demographic Characteristics.......................................................................................................................27
4.1.1.1 Age of the Respondents........................................................................................................................27
4.1.1.2 Sex of the Respondents.........................................................................................................................28
4.1.1.3 Marital status of the respondents..........................................................................................................29
4.1.1.3 Household Size of Respondents............................................................................................................30
4.1.1.4 Educational status of the respondents...................................................................................................31
4.1.2 Socio economic charcterics..........................................................................................................................32
4.1.2.1 Livestock ownership.............................................................................................................................32
4.1.2.2 Land Holding Size................................................................................................................................33
4.1.2.3 Comparison land holding size and the needs for house hold................................................................34
4.2 Land use management practice activities...........................................................................................................34
4.2.1 Land ownership feeling and certification....................................................................................................34
4. 3 major factors affecting land use management practice......................................................................................36
4.4 modern land management practices for sustainable land management practice................................................37
4.5 Traditional land use management practice.........................................................................................................38
4.5.1 Methods applied to increase land use management practices (reduce soil erosion)....................................39

4.6. Contribution of land management practices to Environment............................................................................39

4.7 Experience of the farmers on the land management...........................................................................................40
4.8 Practice of effective land management practice.................................................................................................40
4.8.1. Major challenges for effective land management practices........................................................................40
4.8.1.1 Challenges related to institutional capacities........................................................................................41
4.8.1.2 Challenges related to farmers’ attitudes................................................................................................41
4.8.2 .indigenous physical land management practices........................................................................................42
4.8.3. Contribution of effective land use management on productivity of major crops.......................................42
CHAPTER FIVE..........................................................................................................................................................43
5. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS...............................................................................43
5.1 Summary.............................................................................................................................................................43
5.2 Conclusion..........................................................................................................................................................44
5.3 Recommendations...............................................................................................................................................45
REFERENCE................................................................................................................................................................46
APPENDIX...................................................................................................................................................................48

List of figure
Figure .1 map of study area

List of Table

Table 4.1 distribution of sampled house hold heads with in agro-ecology.......................

Table 4.2: Age distribution of the respondent …………………………………………….
Table .4.3: sex distribution of the respondents…………………………………………….
Table4.4 marital status of respondents …………………………………………………….
Table 4.5: Household size distribution………………………………………….................
Table 4.6 educational status of the respondents……………………………………………
Table 4.7 live stock ownership ……………………………………………………………..
Table 4.8: Land Holding Size………………………………………………………………..
Table 4.9 Comparison land holding size and the needs for house hold…………………...
Table .4.10 the feeling of landownership being the public or government………………..
Table 4.11: The major factors affecting land use management practice…………………..
Table 4.12: kinds of modern land use of agricultural practice and input used on farm
plot………………………………………………………………………................................
Table 4.13 traditional land management practice for improve land management
practices……………………………………………………………........................................
.
 Acronyms
CSA Central Statistics Authority

IEM Integrated Environmental Management

UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

LARLUA Lalo Asabi rural Land Use and Administration

UN United Nations

FAO Food and Agricultural Organization

 Abstract
Human being depends on land to produce basic necessities which include food, clothing and
shelter. Moreover, land is the principal resource of human beings in general and agrarian society
in particular. Land use is the end product and manifestation of the degree of interaction between
the two and a kind of permanent and cyclic intervention of man in his environment. The main
objective of this study is to assess land use management practicein buko Asabi keble. The data
for the study were collected using survey questionnaire including formal interviews, interview,
observation and focus group discussions. The kebeles were selected purposely where land
degradation is high and forest products are supplied. 82 households were considered for analysis
of data. Representative sample size from each kebeles was determined based on proportion of
household number. Then the required households for survey were selected through systematic
random sampling techniques. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were employed
to achieve the objectives set. The results showed that land use management is poor. Population
growth, urbanization and land degradation were assessed as factors affecting sustainable land use
management. To conserve degraded land and bring sustainable land use management farmers
agricultural input application, farming system. Strategy that support the provision of
infrastructure, information on land use management, government policies practice at household
level are necessary to better adapt to minimize the impacts.

CHAPTER ONE
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1Background of the study
Land is very essential element of nature on which all living and non-living things directly or
indirectly depend on. Human being depends on land to produce basic necessities which includes
food, close, shelter. More over, land is principle source of human being in general and agrarian
society in particular. Land use is the end product and manifestation of degree of inter action
between and two a kind of permanent and cyclic intervention of man in his environment.
(Denmark2007;World bank,2006)

Many writers argued that nature and intensity of use of land of given area is involved and
conditioned by economic and social environment which has existence since historic past. Given
the potential of land resource ei; the permutation and combination of physical Characterics of the
natural environment. The kind and extent of uses are primarily determined by the basic needs of
individual inhabitants from time to time. It is conditioned by the social norms accepted by the
prevailing social and economic institutions and physical infrastructures.

As it was discussed by Muluneh (1994) cited in Sinknesh, 1999), the land use system in an area
may be characterized by the kind of uses and non-uses. Ecosystem services are the benefits that
people obtain from ecosystems. There are six physical factors on one hand, and economic and
social factors on the other, which together ultimately shape the land use system of an area
(Muluneh, 1994 cited in Sinknesh, 1999).
They include the following: provision services such as food, water, timber and fiber, regulated
services that affect the climate, floods, disease, waste and water quality, cultural services that
provide recreational, aesthetic and spiritual benefits, support services such as soil formation,
photosynthesis and nutrient cycling (Barbier, 1993).

Land is a public property in Ethiopia. It is administered by government since 1975 which is the
time when radical land reform took place. Still no change has been taken place with the change
Of government since 1991.Moreover, the constitution of Ethiopia of 1994 provided that land is a
common property of Nations, Nationalities and peoples of Ethiopia and shall not be subject to
sale or to other means of transfer. Before 1975 the land tenure system of in Ethiopia, through
commonly characterized as feudal, had a combination of the following four different categories
ownership relation: the communal ownership, the private ownership; the partly owned the partly
rented ownership and; the tenant ownership (Samuel, 2006).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Land is the chief resource and source of wealth of a given country. The productivity of land
varies from one place to another depending on variation in such natural factors as climate, relief
and soil fertility and manmade factor such as land tenure system, level of technology and unwise
use of land resources. When human being in position to use an improved technology with
favorable physical conditions of the area, can produce enough and even, excess food and
industrial raw material. But lack of sustainable land use such as over cultivation, over grazing,
deficient and poor irrigation practices lead to land degradation. (Adams, W, M, 1990).

In Ethiopia, the current status shows that natural resource (land resources) management is
becoming poorer. For instance, the most important element which helps to maintain land
resources status is forest. But forests have been cleared for the expansion of cultivated land and
meeting the demand for fuel. Agricultural activities have been very poor crop lands, production
and yields have declined and stagnated from year to year (AKililu, 2006). Resource can be
affected by various factors which are broadly categorized in to two. These are natural and
manmade factor.
In Lalo Asabi woreda there is gap that on the one hand different studies shows man made is a
main causes for the lack sustainable land use management practice and on other hand natural
factors as an immediate cause of unsustainable land use management.

And, therefore researcher aims to assess factors affecting sustainable land use management and
assess the traditional and modern land use management practice in buko asabi keble.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

1.3.1 General Objectives of the Study
The general objective of the study was to assess land use management practice on rural area in
the case buko Asabi Keble.

1.3.2 Specific Objectives of the Study

The specific objectives the study is to:

  Identify the traditional land use management practice in buko Asabi Keble.

 Assess major factors affecting land use management practice in buko Asabi Keble.

 Identify the modern land use management practice being implemented in buko Asabi
Keble.

1.4 Research Questions

The researcher was answering the following research questions.

 What are the traditional land use management practices in buko Asabi Keble?

 What is the major factors affecting land use management practice in buko Asabi
Keble?

 What is the modern land use management practice in buko Asabi Keble?

1.5 Significance of the Study

The main purpose of the study was produce academic research. Moreover, it serves as base for
other, study which is related to similar issues. It may indicate some possible direction for
problems and factors that affect sustainable land use management. This study may be used as
source of information regarding land use management practice and factors that affect land use
management.
The study may be add knowledge to already existed practice and it also used as a base for further
research on similar issues.
Furthermore, it may create awareness for local authorities about current practice of land use
management in the study area.

1.6 Scope of the Study

As far as, the issue concerned, the main focus the study was to assess the land use
Management practice and identify factors affecting sustainable land use management and
identify modern and traditional practice the case of buko Asabi Keble.

In terms of areas coverage lalo Asabi Woreda, West wollega zone, Oromia Regional state.
1.7 Limitation of the Study
The study is not completely free from constraints. Because of shortage of time and finance, the
study did not cover all issues related to land use management.

1.8 Organization of the Paper

This proposal was organized in to five chapters. The first chapter was provided description of the
study, statement of the study, statement of the problem, objectives the study, research question,
scope of the study. The second chapter was providing review of related literature, chapter there
provide description of the study area, and chapter four provides major finding i.e. data
presentation about analysis the last chapter five was make conclusion and recommendations.

CHAPTER TWO

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1. Concepts of land management practices

The broad concept of land management practices refers to activities on the ground that uses
appropriate technologies in the respective land use system for the improvement of the productive
capacity of the land. This includes activities such as use of physical soil and water conservation
measures, soil fertility management practices, controlled-grazing, agricultural water
management, forestry and agro forestry practices (FAO, 2009).
Land management incorporates the adoption of land use systems through appropriate
management practices that enable land users to maximize the economic and social benefits from
the land while maintaining the ecological functions of the land. It can be seen from economic,
social, institutional, political and ecological dimensions. Thus, land management practices
emphasize finding economically viable, socially acceptable and ecologically sound solutions at a
local, regional, national and global level, which could promote participatory land management
practices to deal with land degradation (FAO, 2009).
Land management is a complex process, which is not only the result of will or act of land users.
Its problems and achievements go beyond the household’s domain of operation to include actors
in the surrounding environment (Hurni and Yilkal, 2007). It combines technologies, policies and
activities that are aimed at integrating socio-economic principles with environmental concern so
as simultaneously maintain production, reduce level of risk, protect the potential of natural
resources and prevent soil and water degradation, be economically viable and be socially
acceptable (Regassa, 2002).

2.2. Land management practices in Ethiopia

Land management in Ethiopia has evolved in to various farming systems with different level of
intensification (Wegayehu, 2006). In the same way, Bogale (2002) reported that a number of soil
and water conservation techniques have been employed by farmers, most of which have their

origin in the traditional knowledge but adapted to the present environmental and social
circumstances by experiments through generations.
According to Zeleke et al. (2006) land management practices that have applied in Ethiopia
classified into two broad categories: indigenous and introduced, with different degrees of
acceptability, areal coverage and benefits. The acceptance and implementation of these
management practices depends on the desire and willingness of farmers, which in turn request
continuous and effective performance from agricultural experts and researchers. It is not easy, in
fact, to put common criteria to categorize land management practices into indigenous and
introduced. As a result, this categorization is done based on the direct purposes of the
management techniques why farmers apply on their farmlands in the study area (Tadesse,
2011).
2.3 Theories and Concepts of Sustainable Land Use Management
The foundation of sustainable theory lies, first, in recognizing the biological limits to growth, the
ecological carrying capacity and the maximum sustainable yield the ecological sustainability
view (Rees, 1990; Adams, 1990; Shiva, 1992 cited in Pelesikoti, 2003). Sustainability in this
view means environmental sustainability. The environmental and ecological base of sustainable
development is very strong (an Eco-centric view).The second foundation is sustainable economic
growth. This refers to a situation where the economy is growing over a period of time (measured
by continual rise in GNP per capita) and surviving periods of relative recession. Ecological
economists, however, favor the merging together of environmental and economic concerns into
one theoretical framework (Barbier, 1993; Pearce, 1993; Tisdell, 1993; Common, 1995 cited in
Pelesikoti, 2003).

The third foundation is sustainable societies. The social approach considers the poor people and
their basic needs first (Chambers, 1986 cited in Pelesikoti, 2003). Another key element of the
social approach is an emphasis on social equity, justice and liberation.

The word sustainability is relatively presently introduced term but it has long been a fundamental
concept in land resource and other resource management.

2.3.1 Integrated Environmental Management

McManus, (in UNESCO, 1993 cited in Pelesikoti, 2003) stressed that integrated environmental
management (IEM) must have the following elements: holistic and interactive, address complex
resource management issues, coordination and multi sectorial, IEM‘s main objective is to break
down the barriers between the various sectors of the environmental administration and to view
the environment in its totality (Barrett, 1994). It goes beyond scientific and technological
concerns and addresses the activities of society as a whole. It is the next step in the evolution of
environmental policy making. Similarly, Cairns et al. (1991)define IEM as the coordinated
control, direction or influence of all human activities in defined environmental systems to
achieve and balance the broad estrange of short-and long-term objective
Barrett (1994) listed the following characteristics of IEM Plans as: longer time scale (i.e. 10 to
15 years); goal of integrating the various measures (e.g. for pollution prevention, nature
conservation and the creation of environmental amenities); establishment of environmental
policy objectives agreed-on by all members of the community (local authorities, the prefectural
population and developers); encouragement of voluntary activities, public participation and the
promotion of greater environmental awareness; quality information; monitoring is an essential
part.

2.3.2 Participatory Management

Approaches Participatory approaches allow greater community (direct or indirect) involvement
in the policy formulation and decision-making processes or the technical aspects of the functions
of the central authority. This approach provides for consultation of the stakeholders or for the
community to have some form of representation in the decision making process. It promotes a
more transparent and accountable management authority on the one hand and creates a more
responsive community in terms of implementation of the management programs and objectives,
and greater compliance on the other (Barrett, 1994).

Some scholars describe a ladder of participation with eight steps. The first step (at the bottom of
the step) is manipulation the second is there by both aiming at educating the participants. The
third step is informing followed by consultation placation partnership delegated power and
finally citizen control’ at the top of the ladder. Still scholars describe the steps for participatory
management implies an increasing degree of control if the participants were empowered enough.
Community based management is a form of participatory management, where the community
has the total responsibility of managing the resources (World Bank 2006).

2.3.3 Community Based Management

Management of common resources, or resources held in common by many individuals is where
property rights are assigned to the community or a social group rather to private individuals or to
the state (Berkes, et al., 1989; Gary, 1991; Rowse, 1993; Fisher, 1995 cited in Pelesikoti, 2003).
 Communities develop the rules about using the natural resources, and they also develop the
social values and norms, many of which are informal and non-contractual, that stress moderation
and prudence rather than excessiveness and recklessness (Berkes, et al., 1989 cited in Pelesikoti,
2003). Management of common resources may take place through completely self-regulated
systems (community-based) or through co-management arrangements.

Its main properties are: reliance on the social discourse and on a framework to guide this
discourse through the integration of diverse and conflicting individual interests into cooperative
‘collective decisions-ones that can: (1) draw maximum support; and, (2) enhance the
stakeholders ‘willingness to voluntarily cooperate in their implementation by inviting respect for
the whole process of their selection and implementation (Barret. B.1994).

2.4 Concepts of Land

Land is opening to various interpretations. It would be easy to associate it with slightly
simplistic limitations, such as restricting it solely to non-water-covered areas outside the city
(city and land). A complete definition of the land may be the following one (according to already

used in the documentation for the Convention to Combat Desertification) (UN, 1994): Land is a
delineable area of the earth's terrestrial surface, encompassing all attributes of the biosphere
immediately above or below this surface including those of the near-surface climate the soil and
terrain forms, the surface hydrology (including shallow lakes, rivers, marshes, and swamps), the
near-surface sedimentary layers and associated groundwater reserve.

2.5 Sustainable Development in a Land Use Management

Sustainable development considers three dimensions that age closed later linked and between
had offs age inevitable; environmental Economical and Social. Moreover, these three can hardly
be implemented if not supported by institutional and political backing. The Environmental
dimension general deals with maintaining a certain stock of natural resources above a certain
quality threshold. A number of criteria to assess this dimension can be put forward. These
include biodiversity preservation measured against species richness, abundance, diversity, high
number of endemic species; high number of important gene pools (Adams, 1990).
The economic dimension can be assessed as follows. Steady, continuous stream of income at
different levels; individual households, communities countries; increase food availability real
income and each; maintenance of productivity in the face of stress or shocks like human health,
Natural disasters, economic conjuncture conflicts; real benefits derived from land management;
efficiency of investment through cost/benefit analysis; maintenance of a given level of
expenditure over time (Samuel, 2006).

2.6 Factors Affecting Sustainable Land Use Management

There are various drivers of change and sources of pressure on land use. These are population
growth, increasing income, urbanization, infrastructure development, food price and price
elasticity of demand, polices at national and international level, land tenure and property rights,
bio-energy and land degradation. These factors categorized as natural and manmade factors.
But, it is difficult to differentiate and put as manmade and natural factors (Morgan. 1986 and
Hudson. 1986).

2.6.1 Natural Factors

Hudson (1981) and Morgan (1986) pointed out that natural factors causing land degradation,
high intensity of rainfall and steep scope are the major ones. The impact of raindrops, with
tremendous amounts of energy, on bare unprotected soil starts the process of erosion by water.
The impact of the raindrop causes a splash, which seals off infiltration as the soil pores get
plugged with fine particles.

2.6.2 Socio-Economic and Institutional Factors

Socio-economic and institutional factors affect land degradation through their impacts on
farmers' decisions with respect to land use and land management practices, such as plugging,
fallow, use of manure and other sources of organic matter, fertilizer use, and adoption of soil and
water conservation measures. A non-exhaustive list of factors influencing these decisions
includes population pressure, poverty, land tenure relationships, the nature of local markets, local
institutions and organizations, and farmers' perceptions and attitudes. Each of these is considered
below, (World Bank, 2007).
2.6.2.1 Population pressure
The population of the region is increasing at an alarming rate. Population growth can have and
has had a deleterious effect on agricultural growth, resource management, and poverty. Land
redistribution, which in recent years has been the only means of formally acquiring access to
land to accommodate new households, has led to severe fragmentation of plots, a reduction of
crop fields and insecurity. Reduction of cropland per capita and insecurity have led to reduction
in activities such as fallowing, planting trees and investing in conservation structures, while a
reduction in cropland per capita has caused cropping and grazing activities (Hudson 1981).

2.6.2.2 Poverty
Poverty is very likely to contribute to land degradation for many reasons. When people lack
access to alternative sources of livelihood, there is a tendency to exert more pressure on the few
resources that are available to them. BekeleShifereaw and Holden (1997) showed the intensified
pressure on natural resources as a vicious cycle in which resource degradation and drought lead
to reduced household assets, and reduced household assets in turn affect degradation in the
Ethiopian highlands.

CHAPTER THERE
3 DESCRIPTIONS OF THE STUDY AREA AND
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Study Area
3.1.1 Physical Setting of the Study

The study was carry out in buko Asabi Keble, which is found in the lalo Asabi woreda, west
wellega zone, Oromia regional state.
3.1.1.1 Location
Geographically lalo Asabi is located between attitudinally 9°19ʹ60˝N and longitudinally 38°9
´60˝ and its bound it is border on the south by yubdo, on the west by ayraguliso, on the north by
boji, on the south east by gimbi , and on the east by benishangulgumuz. Woreda found at 433 km
far away from Addis Ababa. The distance of buko Asabi is 12km away from inango town.
Figure .1 map of study area

3.1.1.2 Topography
Topography of woreda is highly adulating in middle and low land area. Up land consists of
extensively settle at the top with steep side that from hills .Altitude of the woreda is lie between
928 and 1678 m above mean sea level representing there agro climatic zone base on traditional
as dega ,woindega ,and kola.

3.1.1.3 Climate
Keble have monthly temperature varies from 12°cin July and 28°c in May. With the
climatologically average of 19.8°c. Mean annual rain fall ranges from 847.5 to1416mm with the
Climatologically annual average 114.2mm (buko Asabi Keble agricultural and development
office2016).

3.1.2 Socio
Economic Activities
Buko Asabi Keble is
known for mixed
farming .i.e. crop
production pre dominantly food crops barley, wheat, horse bean, field peas, potatoes, flax and
live rearing.
The high land is moderately productive teff barley, and, pulses are predominantly grow in this
area. Income from sale of crop, livestock fodder and eucalyptus tree. Woinadega is moderately
populate and main crops grow in this agro ecological zone are pulses, wheat and oil seeds.

3.1.3 Demographic Characters

According to CSA (2007) census report total population of buko Asabi was 2624 of which 1532
are male and 1092 are females.
Urban dwellers are 25,000 or 7% of its population, which is less than the Zone average of 9.5%.
With an area of 25434 km 2, buko Asabi has an estimated population density of 12.1 people per
square kilometer, which is less than the Zone average of 14/km 2 and the average household size
for the Keble is 4.9.

3.2 Research Method

3.2.1 Research Design
In the study researcher were employing mixed of both quantitative and qualitative research.
This is because mixed approaches were very important and comprehensive clear explaining and
describes the issues of current practice of sustainable land use management.

3.2.2 Sample size and sampling techniques

3.2.2.1 Sample Size
The total sample size 82 households. In addition, some data source from woreda agricultural
Office worker was selected for interview purposively.by using Slovene formula

n=N/1+N (e) 2

n = sample size

N=Total households

e=margin of error

Then n = 442/1+442(0.1)2
 =442/443(0.01)

= 82

3.2.2.1 Sampling technique

Then the researcher was used to non-randomly sampling technique. Hence, from total 33 rural
kebele in the study, then the to selected purposively one Keble. These Keble is buko Asabi. The
total household of the Keble 442 and for these Keble the household was selected as proportional
non randomly sampling. Finally, from buko Asabi 82 household was selected as randomly.

3.2.3 Data sources and data collection techniques

3.2.3.1 Data Source

The data use in the study was collected both from primary and secondary data source
Primary was collected through questionnaire for hose hold and semi structured interview for Keble
leaders and respondents. The secondary source of data was collected from book, library, journal,
and other related to the idea.

3.2.3.2 Data Collection techniques

The research data was collected from selected in buko Asabi keble. The researcher was different
methods of data collection like structured questionnaire; interviews and focus group discussions
with the communities, and personal observations is employing to produce primary data.
Moreover, secondary data are collecting from documents, books, journals, and, others sources.

3.2.3.1 Questionnaire
The researcher was use both open-ended and closed-ended questions and distribute to the rural
households to collect the information on the issue under this study. The questionnaire distribute
to farmers was enable the researcher to generate both qualitative and quantitative data, which
was generate inputs for analytical operations to arrive at certain.

3.2.3.2 Interview
Interview involves researcher is prepare open question related study. The open-ended natures of
the questions define the topics under investigation and provide opportunities to both interviewer
and interviewee to discuss some topics in more detail. If the interviewee has difficulty in
answering a question or provides only a brief response, the interviewer can use clue or can
prompt them to encourage the interviewee to consider the question further.
In a semi structured interview the interviewer also has the freedom to probe the interviewee to
elaborate on the original response or to follow a line of inquiry introduced by the interviewees.
In generally, interview involve like; friends, family members, Public Organization of lalo Asabi
Woreda, Administration of Land Management Office.

3.2.3.3 Focus group discussion

The researcher was use to obtain in-depth information on concepts, perceptions, and ideas of the
groups; the well organize group of 6-8 households of various experience with careful supervision
to keep them on track of what is need to be studied. It aims to be more than a question-answer
interaction.

3.2.3.4 Observations
Observations can also serve as a technique for verifying information provided in face to face
encounters. Observations of the environment can provide valuable background information about
the environment where the research was undertaking. The researcher was observe the current
land management practices carry out by farmers or by woreda natural resource administrators in
order to mitigate damages due to; flood, landslides, heavy storm and etc.

3.2.4 Data Analysis

Data collected through various tools was analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative
methods of analysis. Descriptive statistics based on percentages, frequencies and graphs was
used to analyze data collect using questionnaire form survey participant quantitatively Moreover,
data obtained through interview, Focus Group Discussion and observations was analyze
qualitatively by narrative ideas
 CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
This chapter presents the result of both qualitative and quantitative analysis of data in line with
the specific objectives the study. The chapter consists of the back ground information’s of
respondents which are related to the assess land use situation and explore factors affected
sustainable land use management such as demographic, socio economic Characterics of house
hold and other analysis.
4.1 distribution of respondents by agro ecologically zone And Kebeles
The information provided here were from buko Asabi Keble households, experts, and researcher
observation. The collected information is believed that the respondents are the permanent
resident of the woreda and they were considered to be relevant as main source of data study.

Table 4.1 distribution of sampled house hold heads with in agro-ecology

Agro-ecology zone Kebeles Number Total respondents by

percentage
Dega Buko Asabi 43 60
Wiona dega Axosi Siban 39 40
Total 82 100

Source: compiled from field survey, 2018

As shown in table 4.1 the number of the distribution kebele agro ecological zone respondents
were almost the same. This is because the numbers of Axosi siban Keble researcher was select
16(26.22%) is small because of the area are small in land use management or less affected.
To understand factors affecting sustainable land use management in lalo Asabi woreda use the
researcher was select high numbers of respondent from buko Asabi Keble 25(40.98%), which is
highly affected by land use management from the woreda.
Buko Asabi is highly affected by less land use management because many factors can affect is
high so researcher can get more information about factors affect land use in the study area
For more information about land use management in the study area the number of respondent
that was selected is large in number from buko Asabi Keble.
In woina dega Axosi Keble is moderately affected and give so me information about the

study.

4.1.1 Demographic Characteristics

The demographic features of the respondents play its important roles positively
and/or negatively by giving information about factors affecting the sustainable land
use management practice in the study area. In line with this, the researcher focused
to use demographic variables such as age, educational level and sex. These
variables are discussed below;

4.1.1.1 Age of the Respondents

Age of the respondent is one of the very important variables in giving information
for factors affecting sustainable land use management. The summery of age of
respondents presented as follows;
Table 4.2: Age distribution of the respondent
Age group Numbers percentage
18-25 9 10
25-30 21 26
30-40 32 42.6
40-50 12 13
Above 50 8 8.4
82 100
Source: compiled from field survey, 2018
Table 4.2 shows that about 8.4% of the respondents were found in the age group of
above 50years, 13% of the respondent was the age of 40-50yares, 42.6 % of the
respondents were found in the 30-40 years, 26% of the respondents are found in
the 25-30 years. T his indicate that the highest numbers of the respondents found in
the working age, since according to Central statistics agency of Ethiopia (2007) age
ranges from 15-64 are considered to be working age group. This makes farmers to
participate and adopt agricultural activity, which needs more labor, 10% of the
respondent found in the 18-25 years.

4.1.1.2 Sex of the Respondents

Being male or female has its own implication in affecting land use management of the given
area. Hence, knowing the number of females and/or males for the given study is crucial. Survey
result of the study shows that out of the total of sample populations, 87% were male Headed
households. In the study area, agricultural production activities were almost carried out by male
members of the family and female were limited mostly to performing domestic activities.
Accordingly, the sexes of respondent in buko asabi keble were depicted in the following;
Table .4.3: sex distribution of the respondents
Sex group Number of respondents Percentages
Male 46 59
Female 36 41
Total 82 100

Source: compiled from field survey 2018

Table: 4.3 shows that about 59% were male respondents, while about 41% were female
respondents. This indicate that the numbers of male are higher than female respondents this is
because of male were have more information about land management practices and were give
more information about study.

4.1.1.3 Marital status of the respondents

Table4.4 marital status of respondents
Marital status Numbers of respondents Percentage
Single 14 15
Married 37 51
Divorce 22 26
Windowed 9 8
82 100
Source: compiled from field survey, 2018

As shown on table 4.4, 1 % of the respondents are single, 51% of the respondents
are married, and 26. % of the respondents is divorce in the study area. This
indicates that the married household or respondents are highly use land for many
purposes and it may be highly affected by land management.
The remaining of the respondents is windowed.
In contrary the windowed and divorce are affected by land management because
may it not use for many purpose may be use for grazing and the like no highly
affected.
4.1.1.3 Household Size of Respondents
According to this study, household size was a group of persons living together in the same
Housing unit or in connected premises and have common cooking arrangements. The average
Household size of the country according to central statistics agency (2007) is 3.9 persons per
Household and 6 for Oromia region.

Table 4.5: Household size distribution

Hose hold size Numbers Percentages
1-4 9 6.6
4-6 45 65.6
6-8 21 24.6
Above 8 7 3.2
Total 82 100
Source: compiled from field survey, 2018

Table 4.5 shows that majority of the respondents have household size of 4-6 house hold
members. Thus, the majority of the respondents 40 (65 %) have 4-6 household family members
and only 4 respondents (6.6 %) have 1-4 household size, out the respondents 15 (24.6%), 2(3.2
%) have above 8. The household size indicates the level of crowding, and thus coping capacity in
a community. Household size may also be related to the socio-economic status, which
determines the status of rural land use and management.
On the other hand, the average number of household members of Sample households indicates
relatively large family sizes in the study area compared to Oromia region. This makes farmers to
participate and adopt agricultural activity, which needs more labor.
4.1.1.4 Educational status of the respondents
Table 4.6 educational status of the respondents

Educational status Numbers Percentages

Illiterate 15 16.4

Grade 1-4 29 39.3

Grade 5-8 27 32.8

Grade 9-10and above 11 11.5

Total 82 100

Source: compiled from field survey, 2018

Educational level of the society affect household decision which determine the welfare of the
society such as income, health, and their attitude towards using land use management. It may
also enable the household to have broad vision of the surrounding environment. Regarding to the
educational status of the sample households, the survey data collected shown that more than half
percentage of the population are in the lower than 8 grades this is may affect living and using of
land in multidirectional and low awareness about land use management in the study area.

The table 4.6 indicate that more than the respondent are found in the elementary school this
indicate that people who engage are not more educated . The respondents responded that as they
feel discomfort towards the landholding system being government and public property.
4.1.2 Socio economic charcterics

4.1.2.1 Livestock ownership

Table 4.7 live stock ownership
Numbers of livestock Numbers Percentages
1-4 8 5
4-6 9 10
6-8 37 49
8+ 28 36
Total 82 100
Source: compiled from field survey, 2018

Farmers ‘livestock holding size could be considered as one indicator for less using availability
of resources or resource endowments. On the other hand, better availability of a resource is
assumed to have positive impact in farmers ‘land management practices. Hence, greater livestock
holding is expected to have positive influence in farmers ‘behavior to improve their land
management practices. Livestock plays a critical role for supporting communities involved in the
mixed crop livestock production system through a range of products and services.
The above table illustrate that 30 (49%) of the respondents have 6-8 numbers of livestock and 22
(36%) the of the respondents have more than 8 livestock this is plays significant role by
increasing land use and also it have greater impact on land management. The remaining houses
hold are lees amount of livestock size this means less accessible to land degradation which less
land use management.
Livestock in general, is an integral part of the farming systems, they are particularly important
for increasing the resilience of vulnerable poor people subjected to climatic, and income shocks.
This is possible through spreading risk and increasing assets. This indicate that those have no
livestock‘s were highly depend on forest and forest products as their source of income. This in
turn leads them to destruct the forests, which were the causes for land degradation and soil
erosion. In addition, this affects the sustainability of land use management.
4.1.2.2 Land Holding Size
Table 4.8: Land Holding Size
Land holding size Numbers Percentages
1-4ha 14 15
5-6ha 32 42.6
7-8ha 22 26
Above 8 24 16.4
82 100
Source: compiled from field survey, 2018

Household land holding size is one of the factors that affect adoption of different land
management practices and food security significantly. Farmers with larger farm sizes were
expected to practice better land management practices. This is because when farmers have larger
farm sizes, they can plan different management practices at relatively lower level of impacts to
the family from failures compared to farmers with small-sized farmlands.
As summarized in table 4.8about 42.6% are owned holding ranging from 5-6 ha, 26. % have 7-
8haland holding size, 16.4% have above 8ha and 1-4ha owned people are 15%. generally this
indicate that less owned farmers are may affect land use management because of less amount of
land it use this small amount of land for different purpose like ,grazing ,for farm and range land
on this way it can affect land.
In high land holding size, it has almost enough and less affected by land management. Farmers
with larger farm sizes are expected to practice better land management practices.
4.1.2.3 Comparison land holding size and the needs for house hold
Table 4.9 Comparison land holding size and the needs for house hold
Comparison for house hold Numbers Percentages
with land holding size
More than enough 9 8
Enough 26 33
small 32 42.6
Too small 15 16.4
Has no land - -
82 100
Source: compiled from field survey, 2018

As shown in above tables almost half of the respondent (42.6%) have small land size when
compared with the household need for his family. household now do you rate your present
holding according to the respondent (323%) percent is just enough 16.4% respondent too small,
and ( 8.%) respondent household have more than enough. This is because of the provided that the
present rapid population growth continues unabated, the scarcity of farmlands will be more
severe in the future and the corresponding grain production per household will undoubtedly be
affected.

4.2 Land use management practice activities

This section consists results and discussion of land management practices and factors affect land
management in the study area.

4.2.1 Land ownership feeling and certification

It is boring that when new things or changes came, resistance is avoidable like this; the frames
were resisting the process of land certification, because the framers do not show willingness to
register all the land they hold. In contrary to this, land codification is legal document that allow
farmers not to suspect the landowner ship.

Table .4.10 the feeling of landownership being the public or government

What is your feeling of the Numbers Percentages
land you hold and use public
and government?
I am not comfortable 38 54
I am comfortable 27 33
I feel served 10 8
I didn’t feel secured 7 5
Total 82 100
Source: compiled from field survey, 2018
To implement sustainable land use management first, there must creation of a sense of
ownership. If the sense of ownership is created, the landowners give proper protection and
management to the land. This all may bring sustainable land use management. Because of clear-
cut land ownership system, this is creating a sort of suspecting not to manage the land properly.
Absence of applicability of scientific solution in sedation to the land physical situation and the
nature of the land scope leads to difficult.
The above table shows only 20 (33%) of the respondents responded that as they have
comfortable feeling of land holding and use as it is public and government property. The land
holding system being in the hand of the farmer creates severity of ownership in similar fashion,
the land holding system is government creates a chance of legal protection and not allows the
farmer to sell.

This indicates that small number of knowing land certification is low land management, which
is not its purpose.
From the respondents 33(54%) of the respondents responded that as feel discomfort towards the
land holding system being government and public property.
This implies that more than half of the people feel discomfort for land certification this means
less land management because of the land in the hands of farmers it respect and use properly but
now time say land is in hands of government and I use today loss after I use it.
The information obtained from the respondent’s majority of them indicated that, as they are not
comfortable with land holding system being owned by government and is public property.
Three (5%) of respondents responded that as they not feel secured the land holding system being
government and public owned.

4. 3 major factors affecting land use management practice

Factors that affect Land management practices were analyzed and discussed on the below.

Table 4.11: The major factors affecting land use management practice

Major factors affecting land Numbers Percentages

use management practice
Population growth 41 57
Income level 9 8
Urbanization 10 10
Land degradation 22 25
Total 82 100
Source: compiled from field survey, 2018
Sustainable land use management can be affected by natural and manmade factors. For instance,
population growth is natural. The population growth in turn is a driving cause of deforestation
which in turn causes land degradation, soil erosion, and loss of biodiversity. Thus, there is no
single variable affects sustainable land use management. Some major factors selected as mainly
cause‘s sustainable land use management are indicated in the above (Table 4.11). Without
adequate alternative sources of energy, population growth increases the demand for fuel wood,
which in turn leads to the destruction of forests.

On Another hand urbanization and land degradation are factors that affect land management
practices and have a contribution in loss of land properly use.
From this 35(57%) of the respondents said that population growth is the major factors which
affect sustainable land use management. 15(25%) of the respondents showed that land
degradation are next to population growth the major factors which affect sustainable land
management. 5(8%) of respondents responded that the income level have contribute as factors
affect land management, 6(10%) of respondents responded that urbanization also contribute for
land management as factors.

4.4 modern land management practices for sustainable land management

practice
Table 4.12: kinds of modern land use of agricultural practice and input used
on farm plot.
Kind of modern Numbers Percentages
agricultural practices
Fertilizers 36 46
Improved seed 30 36
Pesticides and insecticides 16 18

Total 82 100
Source: compiled from field survey, 2018

The above Table (4.12): showed that in the now days time, 28(46%) of the
respondents responded that usage fertilizer (organic or chemical) agricultural
practice and input used on the farm plot and use the land in sustainable manner.
DAP and UREA fertilizers were widely applied according to farmers own
preferred rate (less than the rate recommended by research).

About 36% of the respondents responded that improved seeds usage one of the
agricultural practice and input use on the farm plot to use the land resource
suitably. With regard to the use of improved crop seed, they have the problem as
household survey results indicated that there were problem of getting improved
crop seeds. 11(18) %) of the respondents indicated that pesticides and insecticides
are agricultural practice and input use on the farm land to sustainable land use management.

4.5 Traditional land use management practice

Table 4.13 traditional land management practice for improve land
management practices
Types traditional of land Numbers Percentages
management system for
improving of land use
Compost 24 28
Manure 36 49
Inter cropping 8 6.6
Crop rotation 14 16.4
Total 82 100
Source: compiled from field survey, 2018

Farm management practices are the very important indicators in influencing in sustainable land
management system of the country. Accordingly, the data collected from household respondents
re veiled that, of total respondents 30(49%) replied as they using manure for improve soil
fertility.
Animal manure adoption was significantly different across agro-ecology. This might be because
in the highlands, adoption of manure covers high numbers and farmers mostly confine their
livestock in one area and they can therefore collect and used animal manure in their farming
land.
And also as the 17(49%) of the respondents responded that another traditional practices that
practiced in the area are using of compost.
Compost, which was the most common organic soil fertility improvement practice, start to be
practiced recently year in Ethiopia. It consists of materials from crop residue, animal manure,
other green plants and ash. In the past, farmers used animal manure by their own knowledge
instead of using compost. Compost that was applied by farmers in their farm plots is nutrients
such as nitrogen and potassium which serve as good ingredient in increasing productivity
(Michael, 2002).
Out of the respondents 4(6.6) reviled that traditional land management are said inter cropping.
This implies that low practicing of the inter cropping not known by farmers but only found in
some areas. Intercropping follows specific arrangements where some legumes, animal fodder and
haricot bean are grown in rows within the main crops (maize and sorghum) in the lowland and
midland of study area.
Lastly as out respondent10 (16.6) respondents revealed the traditional practices in the improve
land use are crop rotation.
Crop rotation is considered very effective in maintaining the nitrogen status of the soils when
leguminous plants were included in the rotation (Belay, 2000).
Shortage of nitrogen is one of the most common causes of low plant growth. Plant nutrients
specially nitrogen which has been removed by crop harvest or lost from soil by erosion must be
replenished by incorporating nitrogen fixing leguminous crop in cropping sequences for better
yield. But as respondent’s responded low using of crop rotation as we compare to it purpose in
improving land management practices.

4.5.1 Methods applied to increase land use management practices (reduce soil
erosion)

More than half of the respondents said that the soil is more accessible to the erosion. This
indicates that there is problem of soil fertility in the study area and to tackle these problem
farmers used different land management practices by their indigenous knowledge.
The methods that framers use was as filled by respondents many traditional practices like that of
terracing, counter plowing and mulching.

4.6. Contribution of land management practices to Environment

As show on the response of the respondents sustainable land management are plays very crucial
role in modeling or filling the gap between environments and human being needs.
More than 75% percent of the respondents it is important for like that of the improved pasture,
by improving vegetation community structure (e.g. seeding fodder grasses ) , improving soil
fertility, vegetation cover contribution to combating land degradation and reversing decline in
biodiversity and other ecosystem services.

4.7 Experience of the farmers on the land management

As the more than half of the responds have experience about land management practices. It is
source of experience have their own natural knowledge and some of the respondents said that the
manager come from kebele farm office. The time of growing season come and see growing land
and advices some things which is related to like how it seeding and how it protected from pests.
Negative relation shows that a longer experience in farming, a better knowledge, attitude and
skill is developed on the operation and conduct of traditional agricultural activities and methods
of production, which hinders acceptance of changes and adopt new ideas and techniques.

4.8 Practice of effective land management practice

In this section analyzed the data obtain from interview and observation.

For effective land management practice has more purposeful for the environment, animal, people
, protecting environment and for sustainability of the development. As information of the
BARLUA (Buko Asabi Rural Land Use And Administration) many practices are there for
effective land management like that of planting tree effectively using land , crop rotation ,
classifying the land ( range land, grazing land ,forest and crop land ) For the success of this
development the contribution of any governmental body was high but many challenges are there
in study area.

4.8.1. Major challenges for effective land management practices

To identify major challenges of land management, discussion were made with agricultural
experts and concerned land administration offices of each Woreda who have mentioned major
challenges in the current practices of agricultural land management technologies. These includes
shortage of inputs, poor extension and practical training, population growth, climate variability,
inappropriate implementation of policy related strategies linked with the practice of appropriate
agricultural land management options. These constraints were also attributed to a number of
indicators including low adoption of land management’s, low productivity and inability of the
woreda agriculture office to reverse the severely degraded areas particularly gully developed
over the land. Therefore they contribute their own share for poor practice of agricultural land
management in the study area which also ultimately might have also a negative impact to
agricultural productivity.

4.8.1.1 Challenges related to institutional capacities

Agricultural land management practices can be influenced by the capacity of institutions that
work with the agricultural sector. It is only when policies, strategies and programs related to
agricultural land use are effective, when adequate and strong institutional capacities can be
recognized. The capacity of the agricultural office to provide the essential incentives for effective
extension worker in agriculture, provision of trainings, credit services and its capacity to
implement the appropriate land use policy strategies that are relevant for effective agricultural
land management practices were also investigated under this study.

4.8.1.2 Challenges related to farmers’ attitudes

The positive attitude of the local farmers towards land management practices is a favorable
predictor for future prevention of land degradation. According to Wauters et al., (2010) farmers’
attitude has consistently emerged as an important predictor of intentions in different domains,
including the adoption of soil erosion control practices. As information of interview , some
farmers do not believe the effectiveness of agricultural land management technologies rather
they prefer getting new land by deforestation. Because of the lack of awareness on the
agricultural land management practice and they choices searching new land rather than
increasing the productivity of their land using the appropriate land management practices.
4.8.2 .indigenous physical land management practices
Farmers used indigenous physical land management practices starting from the ancient year
which was transfer from generation to generation. Regarding to physical land management
practices farmers in MRRLUA use different practice to reduce soil erosion and increase
production. Traditional terrace and counter plough were common physical land management
practices. Physical land management practices were not restricted to individual they also
practiced in communal land through Integrated Watershed Management in the study area. This
physical land management does not achieve its intended goal in the anticipated manner due to
lack of integration and less awareness of the community towards the benefit and effectiveness of
different physical land management on the communal land as explained by participants. The
same to this idea, according to Hurni (2000) without active participation of farmers, it is
impossible to minimize the problem of soil erosion.

4.8.3. Contribution of effective land use management on productivity of major

crops
As the interview with MRRLUA offices they give the information about the contribution of land
use in productivity of major crops increase. The contribution of land management practices
regarding to crop production were analyses by taking major crop produced in the study area. The
productivity of crops and land size were first measured in local measurement and converted to
Quintal and ha. For this study, sorghum, maize and teff were used for lowland and mid-altitude
and barley and wheat for highland. According to Conant, (2009) main benefit of implementing
improved cropland management practices is expected to be higher and more stable yields,
increased system resilience and, therefore, enhanced livelihoods and foodsecurity,andreduced
production risk.

CHAPTER FIVE
5. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
Sustainable land use management can be affected either by manmade or/and natural factors. In
the study area, buko Asabi Keble, these two explanatory variables were assessed. The major
findings explored as manmade factors were, urbanization and land degradation. The data
obtained from the field survey depicted that urbanization and land degradation were the major
manmade factors in affecting sustainable land use management.
Beside manmade factors natural factors also played its best role in affecting the sustainable land
use management of the study area. Population growth, urbanization and land degradation were
replied as the natural and manmade major causes of land use management in buko Asabi Keble.

Interview made also confirmed that population growth was one of the main challenges in
affecting sustainable land use management in the study area. Regarding the current practices
undertaken by the government, behavioral change and awareness creation were observed. The
role of government department, Nongovernmental organization, friends and family members
were identified as key role players in awareness creation of sustainable land use management.
Out of these, the role of government department was big. This was done through RLUA agents.
Relatively, the role of friends and family members were not sufficient in land use management.
This was due to the fact that low knowledge of families on factors affecting sustainable land use
management including both manmade and natural factors.
Among modern practice practices, Fertilizer (organic or chemical), improved seeds, pesticides
and insecticides are agricultural practice and input used on the farm.

Among traditional practices crop rotation shed cropping, mixed farming and fallowing systems
were the most important systems in managing land use.

5.2 Conclusion
The general objective of this research is to assess land use management practice in the case of
buko Asabi Keble, lalo Asabi Woreda, west wollega zone Oromia Regional State. Off the
findings, Population growth, land degradation , urbanization, are shown as a major factors which
affecting sustainable land use management. Out of these, population growth was found as the
main factors.

Educational level of the society affect household decision which determine the welfare of the
society such as income, health, and their attitude towards using land use management. It enabled
the household to have broad vision of the surrounding environment. According to data gathered
from house hold respondents, some of households do not know the role of land use managements
towards the environment. Livestock plays a critical role for supporting communities involved in
the mixed crop-livestock production system through a range of products and services. In
sustainable land management, the role of livestock was seen as both positive and negative effects
of sustainable land use management. On the one hand, having many livestock minimized
households from using forests and forest products their source of income, which force them to
destruct natural resources. On the other hand, many livestock leads overgrazing that has negative
effects.

5.3 Recommendations
Based on major findings of the study, the following recommendation set by the researcher.

 Population growth: It is clear that increased population growth is causing Land use
management in the buko asabi keble in particular and in the country in general. The
shifting of forest into crop cultivation is increasing in recent years in the study area. This
is because other economic activities are not sufficient to provide the economic demand of
increasing population. Therefore, adult education for inhabitants about the impacts of
population increase and misuse of natural resource is paramount advantage. Strong
family planning and population control education is more important for the farmers or
any user of land.
 To have effective land management practices the participation of local community is
crucial issue and it is better if the community participate on decision making starting
from the planning to implementation of land management practices and impact of
urbanization on land management and its effect on environment and human being.

For reducing the land degradation the researcher recommends that:

 Giving emphasis to land management practices which was economically and
environmentally sustainable based on agro-ecology such as, compost, agroforestry,
improved crop seeds and physical land management practices
 Appropriate livestock management practice like cutting and carrying system and
expansion of improved forage need attention to decrease the pressure of livestock on land
resources needs attention by regional and districts government and NGOs.

 Capacitating the community through practical based training and scaling up strategies of
effective land management practices were need emphasis of the regional, zonal and
districts government and NGOs.

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 Michael, s., 2002. Linking indigenous with ‘conventional’measures for sustaianble land
management in the highlands of Ethiopia: a case study of digil watershed, east gojjam
(doctoral dissertation, AAU).
 Samuel. (2006). Watershed, Highlands of Ethiopia and Tropical Resource Management.
Ethiopia. Sinikinesh Beyene (1999) Socio-economic parameters contributing to
unsustainable use of land resources in Lumen Woreda, unpublished BA thesis, AAU.
 World Bank. (1992). World Development Report. Development and the Environment.
Oxford University Press: New York.

APPENDIX

SAMARA UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITES
DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
Dear respondents:
This questionnaire is prepared for acquiring information to conduct research fopartial
fulfillment of Degree in Geography and Environmental studies. It has objectives, for
assessing land use management to explore natural and manmade factors and modern
practices to be filled by sampled households reside in Buko Asabi Keble. Significantly, it
provokes local administrators, and the farmers of lalo Asabi woreda. The selection of
participants is depending on random sampling not of any other personal reasons.

PART I Background information

 1 Age A. 18-25 years B. 25-30 years C. 35-40 years D. 40-50 years E. 50+
years
2 Sex A. Male B. Female
4. marital status A married B unmarried C.divorce D. windowed
4. Educational status A. 1-4 B.5-8 C. 9-10 and above
5 Household sizes A. 1-4 B.4-6 C. 6-8 D. 8+

PART II SOCIO ECONOMIC CHARCTERICS

6 How many livestock do you have? A.1-4 B.5-6 C. 7-8 D .8+
7 Landholding size of household A.1-3ha B. 4-6 ha C. 7-8 ha D. 8+ h
8. Compared to the land needs of your household now do you rateyourpresent
land holding as;
A. More than enough B. Just enough C. Small D. Too small E. has no land
PART III land management related question

9. What is your feeling of the hold and use public and government property?

A. I am not comfortable B. I do not feel secured C.I am comfortable D. I feel

secured

10. Which one of the following are the major factors which are affecting
sustainable land use management?
A. Population growth B. Increasing income C. Urbanization D. Land degradation

11. What is the modern land use management practice for use sustainably?
A. Fertilizers B. Improved Seed C. Pesticides and Insecticides
12. What is the traditional methods do you practice for land use?
A. fallowing B. Counter Plowing C. Intercropping D .Mixed Farming E. Crop Rotation

13 What are the method do you use for improving land management use?

____________________________________________________

14. Is there the contribution of land use management for environment?

____________________________________________________________________________
15. Have you land use management experience? What is your source?

PART IV question for inter view

16. What kinds of practice you apply for effective land use management? Is there challenges?
17. What you thing the challenge for effective land management practice?
18. What are indigenous land management practice do the local community practice on different
land use?
19. What are land management practices you have been using to increase your production?