🧮 Microsoft Excel – Electronic Spreadsheets
1. Meaning and Importance
Excel is an electronic spreadsheet application used to store, organize, analyze, and
present data.
It is essential for data entry, calculation, financial analysis, charting, and data
visualization.
2. Components of Excel Interface
Ribbon – Toolbar with grouped commands.
Formula Bar – Displays contents/formulas of the active cell.
Active Cell – Current selected cell ready for input.
Name Box – Shows cell address (e.g., A1).
Column Letters – Horizontal label headers (A, B, C...).
Row Numbers – Vertical label headers (1, 2, 3...).
Quick Access Toolbar – Shortcut icons for frequently used commands.
3. Types of Cell Data
Text (labels) – Any combination of letters/numbers.
Numbers (values) – Used in calculations.
Formulas – Begin with =, used to calculate values.
Functions – Built-in operations (e.g., =SUM(A1:A5)).
4. Block Operations
Involves selecting a range of cells to apply bulk actions like formatting, copying,
deleting, etc.
5. Arithmetic Operators
Used in formulas:
o + (Addition)
o - (Subtraction)
o * (Multiplication)
o / (Division)
6. Cell Referencing
Relative: Changes as you copy the formula (=A1+B1)
Absolute: Fixed reference (=$A$1+$B$1)
Mixed: Part fixed (=A$1+$B2)
7. Data Manipulation & Analysis
Using Formulas: Custom calculations (e.g., =(A1+B1)*C1)
Using Functions:
o SUM(), AVERAGE(), MAX(), MIN()
o Conditional: IF(), SUMIF(), COUNTIF()
o Ranking: RANK(), MODE(), PRODUCT()
Sorting Data: Organize alphabetically, numerically, or by custom logic.
Filtering Data: Show only rows that meet specific conditions.
8. Charts and Graphs
Purpose: Visualize data trends and comparisons.
Types: Bar, Line, Pie, Column, Area.
Steps: Select data → Insert → Choose chart type.
9. Worksheet Printing
Setup includes:
o Page Layout – Margins, orientation (portrait/landscape).
o Print Area – Define the area to be printed.
o Headers/Footers – Add metadata like date or file name.
📊 Microsoft PowerPoint – Electronic Presentations
1. Meaning and Importance
PowerPoint is used for creating slide-based presentations, crucial in teaching,
business communication, project reporting, and more.
2. Components of the PowerPoint Interface
Slide Pane – Shows the currently selected slide.
Slide Navigation Pane – Lists all slides.
Notes Section – Space for speaker notes.
Ribbon – Contains grouped tool commands.
Quick Access Toolbar – For commands like Save, Undo.
Scroll Bars – Navigate through content.
3. Presentation Management
Open/Close Presentations
Create Slides: Add new, duplicate, or reuse slides.
Save Presentation: Save in formats like .pptx, .pdf.
Switch Between Presentations
4. Text Management
Insert/Delete/Format: Basic editing features.
Spell Check: Automatic or manual correction tools.
Cut, Copy, Paste, Drag & Drop: For rearranging content.
5. Design and Appearance
Apply or Change Theme: Preset design templates.
Magnification/Zoom Tools: To view slide details.
Slide Layouts: Title slide, content, section header, etc.
6. Developing the Presentation
Presentation Views: Normal, Slide Sorter, Reading, Slide Show.
Master Slide: Controls default layout and theme for all slides.
Inserting Text & Tables: Add structured content.
Charts: Import from Excel or create directly.
Organization Charts: Visual hierarchy of teams or processes.
7. Graphical Objects and Effects
Insert Graphics: Pictures, icons, shapes.
Manipulate Objects: Resize, rotate, align.
Drawing Tools: Lines, freehand sketches.
Slide Transitions: Animations between slides.
Object Animations: Entrance, emphasis, exit effects.
8. Finalizing and Delivering
Spell Check: Ensure text correctness.
Slide Orientation: Portrait or landscape.
Slide Show:
o Start presentation
o Navigate slides
o Use laser pointer/highlighter
Printing Options:
o Slides
o Handouts (multiple slides per page)
o Notes Pages
🧮 Suggested Assessment Methods
Observation: Monitor how learners manipulate the software.
Portfolio of Evidence: Completed tasks like charts, reports, presentations.
Project Work: Data analysis or slide design.
Written Assessment: Concepts and functions.
Practical Assessment: In-class Excel/PowerPoint tasks.
Oral Assessment: Presenting slides, explaining formulas.
