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8
MATHS

ANBU NILAYAM
MADURAI - 625001

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SELECTION 8 MATHS 1 TERM - III

8 MATHS
TERM - III
)
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94430 46662
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Publishers: 0452- 2623530

ANBU NILAYAM
15, PUDHUMANDAPAM MADURAI - 625001.

CONTENT

Chapter Title Page No.

1. NUMBERS 2

2. LIFE MATHEMATICS 24

3. GEOMETRY 32

4. STATISTICS 45

5. INFORMATION PROCESSING 57
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SELECTION 8 MATHS 2 TERM - III

8 MATHS
TERM - III
Unit - 1. NUMBERS

Exercise 1.1 (iii) The number of zeros in the square of

961000 is 9.
1. Fill in the blanks: Solution :
(i) The ones digit in the square of 77 False
is______. (iv) (7, 24, 25) is a Pythagorean triplet.
Solution : Solution :
9 True
(ii) The number of non-square numbers (v) The square root of 221 is 21.
2 2
between 24 and 25 is ______. Solution :
Solution : False
48 (576 - 625)
(iii) If a number ends with 5, its square 3. What will be the ones' digit in the
ends with ______. squares of the following numbers?
Solution : (i) 36
5 Solution : 6
(iv) A square number will not end with (ii) 252
numbers ______. Solution : 4
Solution : (iii) 543
2, 3, 7, 8 Solution : 9
(v) The number of perfect square numbers
between 300 and 500 is ______. 4. Study the given numbers and justify
Solution : why each of them obviously cannot be a
5 (324, 361, 400, 441, 484) perfect square.
(i) 1000
2. Say True or False: Solution :
(i) When a square number ends in 6, its Odd numbers of Zeroes
square root will have 6 in the unit's place. (ii) 34567
Solution : Solution :
True Cannot end with 7
(ii) A square number will not have odd (iii) 408
number of zeros at the end. Solution :
Solution : Cannot end with 8
True
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SELECTION 8 MATHS 3 TERM - III

5. Find the sum without actually adding (ii) 2m = 10

the following odd numbers: m = 10/2 = 5
(i) 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + ... ... ... + 35 ~ (10, 24, 26)
Solution : 2 2

[ ][ ]
1™ + 3 +5 + 7 + ........+ 35 =
35+1
¾¾ =
2
36
¾
2
9. Find the square root of the following
by repeated subtraction method.
= 18
2
(i) 144 (ii) 256 (iii) 784
Solution :
= 324 (i) 144 (Step
(Step))
(ii) The first 99 odd natural numbers. 1 : 144 - 1 = 143
Solution : 2 : 143 - 3 = 140
1™ + 3 +5 + 7 + ........+ 99 odd natural numbers 3 : 140 - 5 = 135
2 4 : 135 - 7 = 128
= 99
5 : 128 - 9 = 119
= 9801 6 : 119 - 11 = 108
7 : 108 - 13 = 95
6. Express (i) 15 2 and (ii) 19 2 as the sum of 8 : 95 - 15 = 80
two consecutive positive integers. 9 : 80 - 17 = 63
Solution : 10 : 63 - 19 = 44
2
(i) 15 = 225 = 112 + 113 11 : 44 - 21 = 23
2
(ii) 19 = 361 = 180 + 181 12 : 23 - 23 = 0

2 2
~ 144 = -12 2 Þ Ö
Ö144
144 = 12
7. Write (i) 10 and (ii) 11 as the sum of
7.Write
consecutive odd natural numbers (ii) 256 (Step)
Solution : 1 : 256 - 1 = 255
(i)
10 = ¾
2
[ ]20 2
2
2 : 255 - 3 = 252
3 : 252 - 5 = 247
4 : 247 - 7 = 240

[ ]
19 ™ +1 2
= ¾¾
2
5 : 240 - 9 = 231
6 : 231 - 11 = 220
7 : 220 - 13 = 207
= 1 + 3 + 5 + ........+ 19
8 : 207 - 15 = 192
9 : 192 - 17 = 175
(ii)
112 = [ ]22 2
¾
2
10 : 175 - 19 = 156
11 : 156 - 21 = 135
12 : 135 - 23 = 112
[ ]
21 ™ +1 2
= ¾¾
2
13 : 112 - 25 =
14 : 87 - 27 =
87
60
= 1 + 3 + 5 + ........+ 21 15 : 60 - 29 = 31
16 : 31 - 31 = 0
8. Find a Pythagorean triplet whose
(i) largest member is 65 (ii) smallest ~ 256 = 16 2 Þ Ö Ö256
256 = 16
member is 10
Solution : (iii) 784 (Step)
2 2
Pythagorean triplet ( 2m, m -1, m +1) 1 : 784 - 1 = 783
2
(i) m +1 = 65 2 : 783 - 3 = 780
2
m = 65-1 3 : 780 - 5 = 775
2
m = 64 4 : 775 - 7 = 768
m = 8 5 : 768 - 9 = 759
~ (16, 63, 65)
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SELECTION 8 MATHS 4 TERM - III

6 : 759 - 11 = 748 11. Examine if each of the following is a

7 : 748 - 13 = 735 perfect square:
8 : 735 - 15 = 720 (i) 725 (ii) 190 (iii) 841 (iv) 1089
9 : 720 - 17 = 703 Solution :
10 : 703 - 19 = 684 (i) 725 5 725
11 : 684 - 21 = 663
2 1 5 145
12 : 663 - 23 = 640 725 = 5 x 29
13 : 640 - 25 = 615 29 29
~ It is not a perfect square 1
14 : 615 - 27 = 588
15 : 588 - 29 = 559
16 : 559 - 31 = 528 (ii) 190 2 190
17 : 528 - 33 = 495 190 = 2 1 x 5 1 x 19 1 5 95
18 : 495 - 35 = 460 19 19
19 : 460 - 37 = 423 ~ It is not a perfect square
1
20 : 423 - 39 = 384
21 : 384 - 41 = 343 (iii) 841
29 841
22 : 343 - 43 = 300 841 = 29 2
2
29 29
23 : 300 - 45 = 255
24 : 255 - 47 = 208 ~ It is a perfect square 1
25 : 208 - 49 = 159
26 : 159 - 51 = 108 (iv) 1089 3 1089
27 : 108 - 53 = 55 1089 = 3 x 11
2 2
3 363
28 : 55 - 55 = 0 11 121
~ It is a perfect square
11 11
~ 784 = 28 Þ Ö
Ö784
2
784 = 28
1
10. Find the square root by prime 12. Find the least number by which 1800
factorisation method. should be multiplied so that it becomes a
(i) 1156 (ii) 4761 (iii) 9025 perfect square. Also, find the square
Solution : root of the perfect square thus obtained.
2 1156
(i) 1156 Solution :
2 578
17 289 1800 = 2 3 x 3 2 x 5 2 2 1800
17 ~ It should be multiplied 2 900
~ Ö 1156 = Ö 2 2 x 17 2 17
by 2 to make it 2 450
= 2 x17 = 34 1
as a perfect square 3 225
4 2 2
~ 1800 x 2=3600 = 2 x 3 x 5 3
75
(ii) 4761 3 4761 5 25
Ö 3600 = Ö 2 x 3 x 5
4 2 2
3 1587 2 1 1
5 5
23 529 = 2 x3 x5
1
23 = 2x2x3 x5
~ Ö 4761 = Ö 3 x 23
2 2 23
= 60
= 3 x23 = 69 1

5 9025
(iii) 9025
5 1805
19 361
19 19
~ Ö 9025 = Ö 5 x 19
2 2

= 5 x 19 = 95 1
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SELECTION 8 MATHS 5 TERM - III

13. Find the smallest number by which 2. Will the sum of two perfect squares,
10985 should be divided so that the always a perfect square? What about their
quotient is a perfect square. difference and their product?
Solution : 5 10985 Solution :
13 Sum of two perfect squares is not always a
2197
perfect square.
1 3 13 169
10985 = 5 x 13 Ex. 16 and 25 are perfect squares. But
13 13 their sum 16+25 = 41 is not a perfect square.
= 5 x 13 = 65
1 Difference of two perfect squares is not
~ It should be divided by 65 to make it always a perfect square.
as a perfect square Ex. 36 and 25 are perfect squares. But
their difference 36-25 = 11 is not a perfect
14. Is 2352 a perfect square? If not, find the square.
smallest number by which 2352 must be Product of two perfect squares is always a
multiplied. so that the product is a perfect perfect square.
square. Find the square root of the new Ex. 4 and 9 are perfect squares. And their
number. product 36 also a perfect square.
Solution :
2352 = 2 4 x 3 1 x 7 2 Try these
~ It should be multiplied 2 2352
by 3 to make it as a perfect 2 1176 Consider the following square numbers:
square 2 588 (i) 441 (ii) 225 (iii) 289 (iv) 1089
2 294 Express each of them as the sum of two
~ 2352 x 3 = 7056 3 147 consecutive positive integers.
7 Solution :
49
(i) 441 = 220 + 221
Ö 7056 = Ö 2 x 3 x 7
4 2 2
7 7 (ii) 225 = 112 + 113
= 2x2x3 x7 1 (iii) 289 = 144 + 145
= 84
(iv) 1089 = 544 + 545
15. Find the least square number which
Think
is divisible by each of the numbers 8,12
and 15.
1. Take an even natural number, say, 46
Solution :
(or any other even number of your
8 = 23 choice). Try to express it as a sum of
12 = 2 2 x 3 1 consecutive odd numbers starting with
15 = 3 1 x 5 1 Do you succeed?
~ Least square number = 2 4 x 3 2x 5 2 Solution :
= 2 x2 x2x2x3x3x 5x5 We can write an even number as sum of
= 3600 consecutive odd numbers starting with 1
Ex. :
Think 2¹1 6 ¹1+3+5 10 ¹ 1 + 3 + 5 + 7
1. Is the square of a prime number,
4=1™ +3 8 ¹1+3+5 12 ¹ 1 + 3 + 5 + 7
prime?
Solution :
The square of a prime number is not a
prime.
Ex. 7 is the prime number. But 72 = 49
49 is not a prime number
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SELECTION 8 MATHS 6 TERM - III

2. The square of an odd number can (iii) Find the squares by diagonal
always be written as the sum of two method and also the ones digit in the
consecutive natural numbers. Can the squares of the following numbers: 11,
reverse statement be true? Is the sum of 27, 42, 79, 146, 324, 520.
any two consecutive natural numbers a Solution :
perfect square of a number?
11)
Solution : 1 1 x
The square of an odd number can always
be written as the sum of two consecutive
0 0
natural number. 0 1 1 1
Ex. : 9 = 4+5
25 = 12 + 13
49 = 24 + 25 0 0
1 1 1 1
But the reverse statement is not correct.
Since 5 + 6 = 11. But 11 is not a square of a 2 1
odd number. 2
11 = 12
1211
Try these
27)
(i) Which among 256, 576, 960, 1025, 2 7 x
4096 are perfect square numbers?
(Hint: Try to extend the table of squares
already seen). 0 1
Solution : 0 4 4 2
2
256 = 16 (Perfect square)
57
5766 =
2
24 (Perfect square) 1 4
7 4 9 7
960 ( Not a Perfect square)
10 25 ( Not a Perfect square)
1025 2 9
2
409
40966= 64 (Perfect square) 2
27 = 729
(ii) One can judge just by look, that the
42)
each of the following numbers: 82, 113,
2057, 24353, 8888, 1972 is not a perfect 4 2 x
square. Explain why?
Solution : 1 0
Since numbers end with 2, 3, 7 and 8 are 1 6 8 4
not a perfect square numbers.
0 0
7 8 4 2
6 4
2
42 = 1764
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SELECTION 8 MATHS 7 TERM - III

79) 520)
7 9 x 5 2 0 x

4 6 2 1 0
6 9 3 7 2 5 0 0 5
6 8 1 0 0
2 3 1 9 7 0 4 0 2
4 1
0 0 0
2
79 = 6241 0 0 0 0 0

146) 4 0 0
1 4 6 x 520 2 = 270400

0 0 0
0 Think
1 4 6 1
Consider the claim: ''Between the
0 1 2
2 squares of the consecutive numbers
4 6 4 4
n and (n+1),
(n+1), there are 2n2n non-square
0 2 3 numbers''. Can it be true? How many
1 6 4 6 6 non-square numbers are there between
2500 and 2601 and verify the claim.
3 1 6 Solution :
2 2500 = 50 2
146 = 21316
2601 = 51 2
2501, 2502, ......2600 = 100 numbers.
= 2 ( 50)
324) = 2n numbers.
3 2 4 x
Activity
0 0 1
1 9 6 2 3 Verify the following statements:
(i) The square of a natural number, other
0 0 0 than 1, is either a multiple of 3 or exceeds
0 6 4 8 2 a multiple of 3 by 1.
Solution : True
1 0 1 22 = 4 = 3 x 1 + 1
4 2 8 6 4 32 = 9 = 3 x 3 + 0
4 2 = 16 = 3 x 5 + 1
9 7 6 5 2 = 25 = 3 x 8 + 1....

324 2 = 104976
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SELECTION 8 MATHS 8 TERM - III

(ii) The square of a natural number, other Now, we take 2m = 14. Here, 2m has to be
than 1, is either a multiple of 4 or exceeds a an even integer (why?).
multiple of 4 by 1.
2m = 14 Þ (2m) = 14 = 196
2 2

Solution : True
This shows that,
22 = 4 = 4 x 1
32 = 9 = 4 x 2 + 1 m2-1 =72 - 1 = 48 Þ Þ(m(m2 -1)2 = 482 =2304
Þ( m 2+1) 2 = 50 2 =2500
2 2
4 2 = 16 = 4 x 4 m +1=7 +1=50+1=50Þ(m
5 2 = 25 = 4 x 6 + 1.... 196 + 2304 = 2500
2 2 2 2
(or) (2m) + ((m m -1) = ((m m +1)
(iii) The remainder of a perfect square Th us (14, 48, 50) is a Pythagorean triplet.
when divided by 3, is either 0 or 1 but
never 2. Try these
Solution : True
Use the method of successive
1 3 5 8 subtraction of odd numbers (starting
3 4 3 9 3 16 3 25 from 1) to examine the following
3 9 15 24 numbers and find if they are perfect
squares or not. For perfect square
1 0 1 1 numbers that you find, identify the
square root.
(iv) The remainder of a perfect square, (i) 144 (ii) 256 (iii) 360
when divided by 4, is either 0 or 1 but Solution :
never 2 and 3. (i) 144 (Step)
Solution : True 1 : 144 - 1 = 143
2 : 143 - 3 = 140
1 2 4 6
3 : 140 - 5 = 135
4 4 4 9 4 16 4 25 4 : 135 - 7 = 128
4 8 16 24 5 : 128 - 9 = 119
6 : 119 - 11 = 108
0 1 0 1 7 : 108 - 13 = 95
8 : 95 - 15 = 80
(v) When a perfect square number is 9 : 80 - 17 = 63
divided by 8, the remainder is either 0 or 10 : 63 - 19 = 44
1 or 4, but never be equal to 2, 3, 5, 6 or 7. 11 : 44 - 21 = 23
Solution : True 12 : 23 -23 = 0
1 2 3 4
144 = 12 Þ Ö Ö144
2
8 9 8 16 8 25 8 36 144 = 12
~ perfect square
8 16 24 32
1 0 1 4 (ii) 256 (Step)
1 : 256 - 1 = 255
2 : 255 - 3 = 252
Activity 3 : 252 - 5 = 247
4 : 247 - 7 = 240
Consider any natural number m > 1. We 5 : 240 - 9 = 231
find that (2 m , m 2, -1, m 2 + 1) will form a
(2m, 6 : 231 - 11 = 220
Pythagorean triplet. (A little algebra can 7 : 220 - 13 = 207
help you to verify this!). 8 : 207 - 15 = 192
With this formula, generate a few 9 : 192 - 17 = 175
Pythagorean triplets. One is done for 10 : 175 - 19 = 156
you!
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SELECTION 8 MATHS 9 TERM - III

11 : 156 - 21 = 135 Exercise 1.2

12 : 135 - 23 = 112
13 : 112 - 25 = 87 I. Fill in the blanks.
14 : 87 - 27 = 60
15 : 60 - 29 = 31 (i) If a number has 5 or 6 digits in it then,
16 : 31 - 31 = 0 its square root will have ___________
digits.
Solution :
256 = 16 Þ Ö
Ö256
2
256 = 16
3
~ perfect square

(iii) 360 (Step) (ii) The value of Ö180 lies between integers
1 : 360 - 1 = 359 ______ and ______.
2 : 359 - 3 = 356 Solution :
3 : 356 - 5 = 351 13 and 14
4 : 351 - 7 = 344
5 : 344 - 9 = 335 (iii) Ö 10 x Ö 6 x Ö
Ö10 Ö15
15 = ______
6 : 335 - 11 = 324 Solution :
7 : 324 - 13 = 311 Ö 10 x Ö 6 x Ö
Ö10 15 = Ö 900 = 30
Ö15
8 : 311 - 15 = 296
9 : 296 - 17 = 279 Ö
Ö300
300
10 : 279 - 19 = 260 (iv) ¾¾ = ______
11 : 260 - 21 = 239 Ö192
12 : 239 - 23 = 216
Solution :
13 : 216 - 25 = 191 Ö
Ö300
300 Ö
Ö100
100 10 5
14 : 191 - 27 = 164 ¾¾ = ¾¾ = ¾ = ¾
15 : 164 - 29 = 135 Ö
Ö192
192 Ö
Ö64
64 8 4
16 : 135 - 31 = 104
17 : 104 - 33 = 71 (v) Ö65.61 = ______
18 : 71 - 35 = 36
19 : 36 - 37 = -1 ¹ 0 Solution :
Ö 6561 81
~ 360 is not a perfect square Ö65.61 = ¾¾ = ¾ = 8.1
Ö100 10
Think
2. Estimate the value of the following
In this case, if we want to find the
square roots to the nearest whole
smallest factor with which we can
number:
multiply or divide 108 to get a square
number, what should we do?
Solution : (i) Ö 440 (ii) Ö 800 (iii) Ö
Ö800 Ö1020
1020
We have to factor 108 by 2 108
prime numbers and which 2 54 Solution :
one has no even powers. 3 27
Here it is 3. Hence we have to 3 9 (i) Ö 440 = 21 Ö 441
((Ö = 21 )
divide or multiply by 3 3 3
to make it as perfect square. 1 (ii) Ö
Ö800
800 = 28 Ö 784
((Ö = 28)

108 = 22 x 3 3 (iii) Ö
Ö1020
1020 = 32 Ö 1024 = 32 )
((Ö
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SELECTION 8 MATHS 10 TERM - III

3. Find the least number that must be (iii) 6889 83

added to 1300 so as to get a perfect
square. Also, find the square root of the 8 68 89
perfect square. 64
Solution : 489
36 2 = 1296 163
489
37 2 = 1369
~ 1300 + 69 = 1369 0
We have to add 69 to 1300 to get a perfect ~ Ö6889 = 83
square.
Ö
Ö1369=
1369= 37 (iv) 1764 42
4 17 64
4. Find the least number that must be
16
subtracted to 6412 so as to get a perfect
square. Also find the square root of the 164
perfect square. 82
164
Solution :
6400 = 80 2 0
~ We have to subtract 12 from 6412 ~ Ö1764 = 42
to get a perfect square.
(v) 418609 647
Ö
Ö6400
6400 = 80
6 41 86 09
5. Find the square root by long division 36
method. 586
(i) 17956 (ii) 11025 (iii) 6889 124
(iv) 1764 (v) 418609 496
134
Solution : 1287 9009
(i) 17956 1 1179
79 56
9009
1
0
079
23
69 ~ Ö418609 = 647
264 1056
1056 6. Find the square root of the following
~ Ö17956 = 134 decimal numbers:
0 (i) 2.89 (ii) 1.96 (iii) 67.24
(iv) 31.36 (v) 2.0164 (vi) 13.987
(ii) 11025 Solution :
105 2
289 17 17
1 1 10 25 (i) 2.89 = ¾¾ = ¾¾ 2 2
= ¾¾
100 2 x5 2x5
1
17
01025 = ¾ = 1.7
205 10
1025
2 2x7 2
2 2
0 196 2x7
(ii) 1.96 = ¾¾ = ¾¾ = ¾¾
~ Ö11025 = 105 100
2
2 x5
2
2x5
14
= ¾ = 1.4
10
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SELECTION 8 MATHS 11 TERM - III

6724 2 2x41 2 2x41

(iii) 67.24 = ¾¾ = ¾¾ = ¾¾ 25 169 13 2 13 1
100 2 2x5 2 2x5 (iv) 4 ¾ = ¾¾ = ¾2 = ¾ = 2 ¾
36 36 6 6 6
84
= ¾ = 8.4
10 8. Say True or False:
32 625 25
3136 2 6x7 2 2 3x7 (i) ¾¾ = 2 (ii) ¾¾ = ¾
(iv) 31.36 = ¾¾ = ¾¾ = ¾¾ 8 1024 32
100 2 2x5 2 2x5
8x7 56 (iii) 28 x 7 = 2 7 (iv) 225 + 64 = 289
= ¾¾ = ¾ = 5.6
10 10 400 20
(v) 1 ¾¾ = 1 ¾
441 21
20164 2 2x71 2 2x71
Solution :
(v) 2.0164 = ¾¾¾ = ¾¾ = ¾¾
10000 2 4x5 4 2 2x5 2 (i) 32 32
142 ¾ = ¾ = 4 = 2 True )
((True)
= ¾¾ = 1.42 8 8
100
25 2
2
(ii) 625 25
¾¾ = ¾¾ 2
=¾ True )
((True
139876 2 x11 x17 2 2 2 1024 32 32
(vi) 13.9876 = ¾¾¾ = ¾¾¾¾¾
10000 2 4x5 4 (iii) 28 x 7 = 2x2x 7x7
2 x 11 x 17 374 = 2 x 7 = 14 ¹ 2 Ö
Ö77
= ¾¾¾¾ = ¾¾ = 3.74 False )
((False
2 2x5 2 100
15 + 8 2
2
(iv) 225 + 64 =
7. Find the square root of each of the
= 15 + 8 = 23
following fractions:
144 18 1 25 289 = 17 2 = 17 False )
((False
(i) ¾¾ (ii) 7 ¾ (iii) 6 ¾ (iv) 4 ¾
225 49 4 36
(v) 400 841 292
Solution : 1 ¾ = ¾ = ¾
441 441 212
144 12 2 12 29 9 20
(i) ¾¾ = ¾¾ = ¾ ¾ = 1 ¾ ¹ 1 ¾ ((False
False )
225 15 2 15 21 21 21

18 361 19 2 19 5 Objective Type Questions

(ii) 7 ¾ = ¾¾ = ¾¾ = ¾ = 2 ¾ 9. 48 is approximately equal to
49 49 72 7 7
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8
Solution :
1 25 52 5 1 (c) 7
(iii) 6 ¾ = ¾¾ = ¾¾2
= ¾ = 2 ¾
4 4 2 2 2
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SELECTION 8 MATHS 12 TERM - III

10. 128 - 98 + 18 =
(ii) 1764 42
(a) 2 (b) 8 (c) 48 (d) 32 17 64
4
16
Solution : (d) 32 164
82
164
Hint : 128 - 98 + 18
0
= 64 x 2 - 49 x 2 + 9 x 2
~ Ö1764 = 42
= 8 2 - 7 2 + 3 2
(iii) 4356 66
= 11 2 - 7 2 = 4 2 43 56
6
36
= 4x4x2 = 32
756
126
756
11. 22 + 7 + 4 =
0
(a) 25 (b) 33 (c) 31 (d) 29 ~ Ö4356 = 66

Solution : (a) 25 Try these

22 + 7 + 4 = 22 + 7+2
Without calculating the square root,
= 22 + 9 guess the number of digits in the square
= 22 + 3 root of the following numbers:
(i) 14400 (ii) 100000000 (iii) 390625
= 25
Solution :
12. The number of digits in the square (i) 14400= 144 x 100 = 12 x10 = 120 = 3
root of 123454321 is
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7 (ii)100000000= 10000x 10000 = 100 x100
= 10000 = 5
Solution :
(b) 5 (iii) 390625 = 25 x25 x25 x25

Try these = 25x25 x 25 x 25 = 25 x 25 = 625 = 3

Find the square root by long division Try these

method. Find the square root of
(i) 400 (ii) 1764 (iii) 4356 20 (i) 19.36 (ii) 1.2321 (iii) 116.64
Solution : 4 00
2 Solution :
(i) 400 4
(i) 19.36
00
2 4 x 11 2 2 2 x 11
4 2 2
40 1936
00 1 9.36 = ¾¾ = ¾¾¾
2 2
= ¾¾¾
0 100 2 x5 2 x5
44
~ Ö
Ö400
400 = 20 = ¾ = 4.4
10
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SELECTION 8 MATHS 13 TERM - III

(ii) 1.2321 (iii) 116.64

24 x 36
2 2 2 3
12321 3 x 37 3 x 37 11664 2 x 3
1.2321 = ¾¾ = ¾¾¾ = ¾¾¾ 116.64 = ¾¾ = ¾¾¾ = ¾¾¾
10000 4
2 x5 4
22 x 52 100 22 x 52 2 x5
111 108
= ¾¾ = 1.11 = ¾¾ = 10.8
100 10

Think.
Fill in the table.

3 3 9
Yes 3 x 2 = 6 9 Yes 3 x 3 = 9

3 4 12
6 2 12
Yes 3x 4 =12 12 Yes 6 x 2 = 12

5 2 10 5 7 35
Yes 5x2 =10 35 Yes 5 x 7 = 35

Activity Try these

Attempt to prepare a table of square Using the above method, find the square
root problems as in the above case to root of 1.2321 and 11.9025.
show that if a and b are two Solution :
a perfect
a 12321 32 x 37 2 3 x 37
¾ = ¾ (b ¹ 0) 1.2321 = ¾¾ = ¾¾¾ = ¾¾¾
square numbers, then b b 10000 100 100

We can use this idea to compute easily 111

= ¾¾ = 1.11
certain square-root problems. 100
Solution :
119025 3 2 x 5 2 x 23 2
25 25 52 5 1 1.9025 = ¾¾¾ = ¾¾¾¾¾
¾ = ¾ = ¾2 = ¾ 10000 100
49 49 7 7
3 x 5 x 23 345
= ¾¾¾¾ = ¾¾ = 3.45
100 100
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SELECTION 8 MATHS 14 TERM - III

Try these (iii) 79570 is not a perfect cube.

Solution : True
Put the numbers (i) 4, 14 , 5 and
3. Show that 1944 is not a perfect cube.
(ii) 7, 65 , 8 in ascending order. Solution :
3 5 2 1944
1944 = 2 x 3
Solution : 2 972
~ It is not a perfect cube 2 486
(i) 14, 4, 5 3 243
3 81
(ii) 7, 8, 65 3 27
3 9
Exercise 1.3
3 3
I. Fill in the blanks: 1
(i) The ones digits in the cube of 73
is_______.
Solution : 4. Find the cube root of 24 x36 x 80x 25.
7 Solution :
9 3 3
24 x 36 x 80 x 25 = 2 x 3 x 5
(ii) The maximum number of digits in the
2 24 2 36 2 80 5 25
cube of a two digit number is _______.
Solution : 2 12 2 18 2 40 5 5
6 2 6 3 9 2 20 1
3 3 3 3 2 10
(iii) The cube root of 540x50 is _________. 1 1 5 5
Solution : 1
3 540 x 50 = 3 27000 = 30 3 24x36x80x25 = 3 2 9 x 3 3 x 5 3

= 2 3 x 3 1 x 5 1 = 120
(iv) The cube root of 0.000004913 is
___________. 5. Find the smallest number by which
Solution : 10985 should be divided so that the
quotient is a perfect cube.
3 0.000004913 = 0.017 Solution : 5 10985
13 2197
13 169
(v) The smallest number to be added to 13 13
3333 to make it a perfect cube is ________.
Solution : 10985 = 5 x 131 3 1
~ It should be divided by 5. So that the
3 3333 + 42 = 3 3375 = 42 quotient is a perfect cube.

6. Find two smallest perfect square

2. Say True or False: numbers which when multiplied
(i) The cube of 0.0012 is 0.000001728. together gives a perfect cube number.
Solution : False Solution :
4 and 16 are the two smallest perfect
(ii) The cube root of 250047 is 63. square numbers multiplied together gives
Solution : True 64 whose cube root is 4
 www.nammakalvi.in

SELECTION 8 MATHS 15 TERM - III

7. If the cube of a squared number is 729, 10. Find the smallest number by which
find the square root of that number. 200 should be multiplied to make it
Solution : perfect cube
3 729 Solution : 2 200
3 729 = 3 36 3 243 200 = 2 3 x 5 2 2 100
3 81 2 50
= 32 = 9 3 ~ It should be 5
27 25
3 multiplied by 5 to make it 5
9 5
= 9 = 3 =3 32
as a perfect cube.
3 1
1
8. What is the square root of cube root of Try these
46656?
Solution : Find the ones digit in the cubes of each
2 46656 of the following numbers.
2 23328 (i) 17 (ii) 12 (iii) 38
3 46656 = 3 2 x 3 2 11664 (iv) 53 (v) 71 (vi) 84
6 6

2 5832 Solution :
2
= 2 x3 2
= 36 2 2916 (i) 3
2 1458 (ii) 8
36 = 2 2 x 3 2 = 2 x 3 = 6 3 (iii) 2
729
(iv) 7
3 243 (v) 1
3 81 (vi) 4
3 27
3 9
3 3 Think
1 If in the above question, the word
'multiplied' is replaced by the word
9. Find the cube root of 729 and 6859 by 'divided', how will the solution vary?
prime factorisation. Solution :
Solution : 675 = 3 3 x 5 2
3 729 When divided by 25 we can get 27.
3 729 = 3 3 6
3 243 Then its cube root is 3
3 When it is multiplied by 5 we can get
81
= 3
2
= 9 3375 then its cube root is 15.
3 27
3 9 Exercise 1.4
3 3 3
3 6859 = 3 19
1 I. Fill in the blanks:
19 6859 (i) (-1 )
even integer
is ______.
= 19
19 361 Solution : 1
19
(ii) For a ¹ 0, a O is ______
Solution : 1
-3 -3
(iii) 4 x 5 = ______.
Solution :
20 -3 [ 4 -3 x 5 -3 = (4x5) -3 = 20 -3]
-3 -3 -3 -3 -3
 www.nammakalvi.in

SELECTION 8 MATHS 16 TERM - III

3. Evaluate:
(iv) (-2) -7 = ______ .
Solution :
( )
3 -5

1
- ¾
128
[ 1 1
(-2) -7 = ¾¾7 = - ¾¾
(-2) 128
]
1
(i) ¾
2 ()
1
(ii) ¾
2
(iii) (-3) (iv) (-3) 4
-3

( )
(v) - ¾
1 -5

= ______ .
-5
(v) ¾
6 ( ) (vi) (2 -5 ¸ 2 7) x 2 -2
-2

3
Solution :
(vii) (2 x 3 ) ¸ 6
-1 -1 -2
( )1
(viii) - ¾
3

- 243 [( )
- ¾
1 -5
= (-3) 5 = -243 ] Solution :

( )
3
3 1 1 1 1 1
(i) ¾ = ¾ x ¾ x ¾ = ¾
2 2 2 2 8
2. Say True or False:

( )
-5
1 1
(i) If 8 = ¾ , the value of, x is -2.
x
(ii) ¾ = (2) 5 = 2 x 2 x 2x 2 x 2 = 32
64 2
Solution :
True (iii) (-3) = -3
1
8 = ¾ = 8 Þ x = -2
x -2
(iv) (-3) 4 = ( -3) x ( -3)x ( -3)x ( -3) = 81
64

( ) ( )( )( ) ( )
-3
-1 5 6 3 6 6 6
¾
4
1 (v) - ¾ = - ¾ =- ¾ x- ¾ x - ¾
(ii) The simplified form of (256) is ¾ 6 5 5 5 5
4 216
Solution : = - ¾¾
True 125
1
[ ]
-1 -1
¾
(256) 4 = (44 ) ¾ ¾
-1
4 = 4 =
4 (vi) (2 -5 ¸ 2 7) x 2 -2

(iii) The standard form of 2x10 -4 is 0.0002.

Solution :
= ( )
2-5
¾7 x 2 = 2 x 2 = 2
2
-2 -12 -2 -14

True
(vii) (2 -1 x 3 -1) ¸ 6 -2
(iv) The scientific form of 123.456 is
1.23456×10-2.
Solution :
False
= ( 1 1 1 1 62
)( )
¾ x ¾ ¸ ¾2 = ¾ x ¾ = 6
2 3 6 6 1
[123.456 = 1.23456×10 2]
-2

(v) The multiplicative inverse of 3-7 is 37 .

Solution :
( )
1
(viii) - ¾
3
2
= ( -3) = (-3) x (-3) = 9

True
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SELECTION 8 MATHS 17 TERM - III

4. Evaluate: 6. Simplify:
(i) (3 2 ) 3 x (2 x 3 5) -2 x (18) 2

() ()
4 2

() ()
4 -2 -3
2 2 4
(i) ¾ x ¾ (ii) ¾ x ¾ 2 3 5 -8 2 5
5 5 5 5 92 x 73 x 25 2 -8 x 4 2 x 3 5
(ii) ¾¾¾¾ (iii) ¾¾¾¾
84 3 37 x 25

() ()
-3 7
1 1 Solution :
(iii) ¾ x ¾
2 2
(i) (3 2 ) 3 x (2 x 3 5) -2 x (18) 2
Solution :
1
= 3 6 x ¾¾¾5 2 x (2x3 2) 2
() () () ()
4 2 4+2 6
2 2 2 2
(i) ¾ x ¾ = ¾ = ¾ (2 x 3 )
5 5 5 5 18 2
1
= 3 6 x ¾¾¾ x 22 x 34
9 3
2 x 3 10
2
3
() () () ()
-2 -3
4 4 4 -2-3
4 -5
3
(ii) ¾ x ¾ = ¾ = ¾ 2 2 x 3 10 1
5 5 5 5 = ¾¾¾ = 20 x 30 = 1
2
2 x 3 10 18 = 2 x 32

() () () ()
-3 7 -3+7 4
1 1 1 1
(iii) ¾ x ¾ = ¾ = ¾ 2 3 5
2 2 2 2 92 x 73 x 25
(ii) ¾¾¾¾
84 3
5. Evaluate: (3 2) 2 x 7 3 x 2 5 34 x 73 x 25
0
(i) (5 + 6 ) x 3 -1 3
(ii) (2 x 3 ) ¸ 6
-1 -1 -1 = ¾¾¾¾¾ = ¾¾¾¾¾
(2 2 x 3 1x 7 1) 3 2 6 x 3 3x 7 3
-1 -2 -3 0
(iii) (3 + 4 + 5 ) 3 4-3 x 7 3-3 31 x 70 3
Solution : = ¾¾¾ = ¾¾¾ = ¾
2 6-5 21 2
(i) (5 0 + 6 -1) x 3 3 2 84

( ) 1
= 1+ ¾ x ( 3 x 3 x 3 )
6
2
3
7
42
21
7 84 = 2 2 x 3 1x 7 1
7 9 63
= ¾ x 27 = ¾ 1
62 2

(ii) (2 -1 x 3 -1) ¸ 6 -1 -8
2 -8 x 4 2 x 3 5 2 5

(iii) ¾¾¾¾
1
(
1
= ¾x ¾ ¸
2 3
) ( ) 1
¾
6
37 x 25
2 -8 x (2 2) 2 x 3 5 2 -8 x 2 4 x 3 5
= ¾¾¾¾¾ = ¾ ¾¾¾¾
1 6 37 x 25 37 x 25
¾x ¾ =1
6 1 2 -8 +4 x 3 5 2 -4 x 3 5
= ¾5 ¾¾ = ¾5 ¾¾
2 x 37 2 x 37
(iii) (3 -1 + 4 -2+ 5 -3 ) 0 2 -4-5 -4-5 -9
2 -9
=1 = ¾7-5¾ = ¾2
3 3
[ ~ ao = 1 ]
8 Math III -2
 www.nammakalvi.in

SELECTION 8 MATHS 18 TERM - III

7. Solve for x . 9. Find the number is standard form:

x (i) 8x10 4+7x10 3+6x10 2+5x10 1+2x1
10 x 2x-1
2 2x-1
(i) ¾¾ = 10 9 (ii) ¾¾ = 4 +4x10 -2+7x10 -4
10 -3 2 x+2 (ii) 5x10 +5x10 +5x10 -1+5x10 -3
3 1

x
5 5 x 5 -4 x5 x
5 -4

(iii) ¾¾¾¾ = 5 -5 Solution :

5 12 (i) 8x10 4+7x10 3+6x10 2+5x10 1+2x1
Solution : +4x10 -2+7x10 -4
10 x = 87652.0407
(i) ¾¾ = 10 9
10 -3
(ii) 5x10 3+5x10 1+5x10 -1+5x10 -3
= 5050.505
10 x - (-3) = 10 9
10 x +3 = 10 9 10. The radius of a hydrogen atom is
2.5 x 10 -11m . Express this number in
~ x +3 = 9 standard notation.
x = 9- 3 = 6 Solution :
2.5 x10 -11= 0.000000000025
2 2x-1
(ii) ¾¾ = 4 11. Write the following numbers in
2 x+2 scientific notation:
= 2 (2x-1) - (x+2) = 2 2 (i) 467800000000 (ii) 0.000001972
Solution :
= 2 2x-1 - x-2 = 2 2
(i) 467800000000 = 4.678 x 10 11
= 2 x-3 = 2 2
~ x -3 = 2 (ii) 0.000001972 = 1.972 x 10 -6

x = 2+ 3 = 5 12. Write in scientific notation:

(i) Earth's volume is about
x
5 5 x 5 -4 x5 x
5 -4
1,083,000,000,000 cubic kilometres.
(iii) ¾¾¾¾ = 5 -5 (ii) If you fill a bucket with dirt, the portion
5 12 of the whole Earth that is in the bucket will
= 5 5 -4+ x-12 = 5 -5 be 0.0000000000000000000000016 kg.
= 5 x-11 = 5 -5 Solution :
(i) 1, 083, 000,000,000 = 1.083x10 12 cubic km
~ x -11 = -5 (i) 0.0000000000000000000000016
x = -5+ 11 = 6 = 1.6 x 10 -24 kg

Objective Type Questions

8. Expand using exponents:
(i) 6054.321 (ii) 897.14 -1
Solution : 13. By what number should ( - 4) -1 be
multiplied so that the product becomes
-1
(i) 6054.321 = 6x10 3+5x10 1+4x10 0 10 ?
2 -2 5 -5
+3x10 -1+2x10 -2+1x10 -3 a) ¾ b) ¾ c) ¾ d) ¾
3 5 2 2
-2
(ii) 897.14 = 8x10 2+9x10 1+7x10 0 Solution : b) ¾
+1x10 -1+4x10 -2 5
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SELECTION 8 MATHS 19 TERM - III

1-3x
1-3 x
Hint : p q 1/2
(-4) - 1 (x) = 10 -1
1
17. If
( )( )¾
q
= ¾ , then x is
p

( )1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1
- ¾ (x) = ¾ a) 4 -1 b) 3 -1 c) 2 -1 d) 1 -1
4 10 Solution : c) 2-1
Hint :
( )1
- ¾2 ( )
(x) =
1
¾¾ p 1-3x
q 1/2
p 1-3x
p -1/2

2 2x5
- 22 ( )( ) ( )( )
¾
q
= ¾
p
= ¾
q
= ¾
q
x
1
= ¾¾
( )( )
2x5
¾
1
1
2 2-1 ~ 1-3
1-3xx= - ¾
x = - ¾¾ 2
5 2-6
2-6xx = -1
2 -6
-6xx = -1 - 2
x = - ¾¾
5 -3
x = ¾
-6
14. 0.0000000002020 in scientific form
is 1
9 -9 x = ¾
a) 2.02 x 10 c) 2.02 x 10 2
-8 -10
c) 2.02 x 10 d) 2.02 x 10
x = 2 -1
-1
Solution :
d) 2.02 x 10 -10
Try these
15. (-2) -3 x (-2) -2 is .
-1 1 Expand the following numbers using
a) ¾ b) ¾ c)32 d)-32 exponents:
32 32 (i) 8120 (ii) 20,305
-1 (iii) 3652.01 (iv) 9426.521
Solution : a) ¾ Solution :
32 3 2 1
Hint : (i) 8120 = 8x10 + 1x10 + 2x10
1 1
(-2) = ¾¾5 = - ¾
-3 -2 -5
(-2) x (-2) = =(-2) (ii) 20.305 = 2 x10 1 + 3x10 -1+ 5x10 -3
2x10
1 -1 -3
(-2) 32
3 2 1
(iii) 3652.01 = 3x10 3 + 6x10 2 + 5x10 1
16. Which is not correct
correct?? 0 -2
+ 2 x10 + 1x10
2 2 4
-1
( )
a) ¾
4
= 4 -2
b)
( ) ( )
-1
¾
4
=
1
¾
2 (iv) 9426.521 = 9x10 3 + 4x10 2 + 2x10 1
0 -1 -2
+ 6 x10 + 5x10 + 2x10 + 1x10
-3
3 2 1

2 2
-1 2 1
( )
c) ¾ = 16
4
-1
d)
( )
- ¾
4
= 16 -1

Solution :
2
1
d) - ¾
( ) = 16 -1
-1
2

[ ()
4 1 1
~- ¾
4
= - ¾ = - 16
16
-1

]
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SELECTION 8 MATHS 20 TERM - III

Try these
Exercise 1.5
Miscellaneous and Practice Problems
Verify the following rules (as we did
above). Here, a, b are non-zero integers
1. A square carpet covers an area of
and m, n are any integers. 2
0 1024 m of a big hall. It is placed in the
1. Zero exponent rule: a = 1.
middle of the hall. What is the length of a
2. Product of same powers to power of
m m m side of the carpet?
product rule: a ×b = (ab)
Solution :
3. Quotient of same powers to power of
Length of a side of the carpet = 1024
am m

quotient rule: ¾m
b ( )
a
= ¾
b
10
= 2 10
2 1024
Solution : 5 2 512
1) 5 0 = 1 = 2
2 256
3 3 3
2) 2 x 3 = (2x3) = 6
3 =2x2x2x2x2
2 128
= 32 m
3 3
2 64
23
3) ¾3
3
= ( )
2
¾
3
2
2
32
16
2 8
Try these 2 4
2 2
1. Write in standard form: Mass of planet
25
Uranus is 8.68 x 10 Kg. 1
2. Write in scientific form: 2. There is a large square portrait of a
(i) 0.000012005 (ii) 4312.345 (iii) 0.10524 2
leader that covers an area of 4489 cm . If
(iv)The distance between the Sun and each side has a 2 cm liner, what would
12
the planet Saturn 1.4335 x 10 miles. be its area?
Solution : Solution :
25
1) 8.68 x 10 Length of side of square portrait = 4489
=86,800,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 Kg
= 67 2 67 4489
2) (i) 0.000012005 = 1.2005 x 10
-5 67 67
= 67 cm 1
Length of the liner = 67 cm +4 cm = 71 cm
(ii) 4312.345 = 4.312345 x 10 3 2
Area of the liner = 71 -4489
= 5041 - 4489
-1
(iii) 0.10524 = 1.0524 x 10 -1 = 552 cm 2

(iv)1.4335 x 10 12 = 1,433,500,000,000 3. 2401 plants are planted in a garden

miles such that each contains as many plants
as the number of rows. Find the number
of rows and the number of plants in each
row.
Solution : 7 2401
Number of rows and 7 343
number of plants 7 49
7 7
= 2401 1

= 74
4
= 72
2
= 7 x 7 = 49
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SELECTION 8 MATHS 21 TERM - III

7. Simplify:
4. If 3 1906624 x x = 3100, find x
16 x 10 2 x 64
¾¾¾¾¾
Solution : 42 x 24
2 1906624 Solution :
3 1906624 x x = 3100 2 953312
2 476656 16 x 10 2 x64 2 4 x(2x5) 2 x 2 6
6 3 ¾¾¾¾¾ = ¾¾¾¾¾¾
3 2 x 31 x x = 3100 2 238328 42 x 24 (2 2 ) 2 x 2 4
2 1
2 119164 24 x 22 x 52 x 26 2 4+2+6 x 5 2
2 x 31 x x = 3100 2 59582 = ¾¾¾¾¾¾ = ¾¾¾
31 29791 24 x 24 28
124 x x = 3100 2 12 x 5 2
31 961
3100 = ¾¾¾ = 2 12-8 x 5 2
x = ¾¾ 31 31 28
124 1
x = 25 = 24 x 52 = 16 x 25 = 400

2
x = 25 2 = 25 x 25 = 625 8. Give the answer in scientific notation:
A human heart beats at an average of 80
x
5. If (625) x = 15625 , find x 2 and x 3
2 3
beats per minute. How many times does
Solution : it beat in
(625
x
(625)) = 15625 i) an hour? ii)a day?
4 x
(5 ) = 5
6 iii)a year? iv) 100 years?
4x 6
5 15625 Solution :
5 =5
5 3125 Heart beat = 80 beats / min
~ 4x =6 6 3
x = ¾= ¾ 5 625 (i) An hour = 80 x 60 = 4800
3
4 2 5 = 4.8 x 10
125
5 25 (ii) In a day = 4800 x 24 = 115200
5 5 = 1.152 x 10
5

1
(iii) In a year = 115200 x 365
( ) ( )( )
2
3 3 3 9 = 42048000
¾ = ¾ ¾= ¾
2
x = 7
2 2 2 4 = 4.2048 x 10

= 4.2048 x 10 7 x 100
7

( ) ( )( )( )
3
3
3 3 3 27 (iv) In 100 years
9
x
3
= ¾ = ¾ ¾ ¾ = ¾ = 4.2048 x 10
2 2 2 2 8
Challenging Problems
m-1 m+1
6. If 2 + 2 = 640 , then find m.
2
Solution : 9. A greeting card has an area 90 cm .
m-1 m+1
2 + 2 = 640 Between what two whole numbers is the
m-1 m+1 length of its side?
2 + 2 = 128 + 512
m-1 m+1 7 9 Solution :
2 +2 = 2 + 2 Area of the greeting card = 90 cm
2

~ m -1 = 7 2
9 = 81
m = 7+1=8 10
2
= 100
Hint : (Powers of 2 are 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, ~ 81 < 90 < 100
128
128,, 256, 512
512)) ~ Length of its side between 9 cm and
10 cm.
 www.nammakalvi.in

SELECTION 8 MATHS 22 TERM - III

10. 225 square shaped mosaic tiles, each 13. Evaluate: 286225
of area 1 square decimetre exactly cover a and use it to compute
square shaped verandah. How long is
each side of the square shaped verandah? 2862.25 + 28.6225
Solution :
Length of each side of square shaped Solution :
verandah
= 225 5 225
2 2 5 45 286225 = 535
= 3 x5
3 9
3 2862.25 + 28.6225 535
= 3 x 5 = 15 decimetre 3
1 286225 286225 5 28 62 25
¾¾¾ + ¾¾¾ 25
11. A group of 1536 cadets wanted to have 100 10000
362
a parade forming a square design. Is it 535 535 103
possible? If it is not possible how many = ¾¾ + ¾¾ 309
more cadets would be required? 10 100
1065 5325
Solution : 2 1536 = 53.5 + 5.35
The number of cadets = 1536 2 768 5325
9 1 = 58.85
= 2 x 3 2 384 0
~ If is not possible 2 192
2 96
39 2 = 1521 2 48 14. The speed of light in glass is about
40 2 = 1600 2 24
8
2x10 m /sec. Use the formula,
m/sec.
2 12 distance
Number of more cadets 2 6 time = ¾¾¾¾ to find the time
required = 1
1600-1536
600-1536 = 64 3 speed
3
1 (in hours) for a pulse of light to travel
7200 km in glass
glass..
12. Find the decimal fraction which when
multiplied by itself gives 176.252176. Solution :
Solution : distance
The decimal fraction = 176. 252176 Time = ¾¾¾¾
speed
176252176 7200 km
= ¾¾¾¾ 13276 = ¾¾¾¾¾¾
1000000 8
2 x 10 m / sec
1 1 76 25 21 76
13276 1 2
= ¾¾¾ 7200 x 1000 m
1000 23 76 = ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾
8
=13.276 2 x 10 x 3600 m/hr
69
3
(or) 10 3
262 725 = ¾8 hours
3319 524 10
= ¾¾¾ 3-8
50 20121 = 10 3-8 hours
2647
10 -5 hours
-5
18529 =
26546 159276
159276
0
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SELECTION 8 MATHS 23 TERM - III

3.769 x 10 5 ) + (4.21 x 10 5)
15. Simplify: ((3.769
Solution :
(3.769 x 10 5 ) + (4.21 x 10 5)
= (3.769 + 4.21) x 10 5
= 7.979 x 10 5

16. Order the following from the least to

the greatest:
16 25, 8 100,3 500,4 400,2 600

Solution :

16 25 25
= (2 4) 25 = 2 100

8 100 100
= 8

3 500 = (3 5) 100 = (243) 100

4 400 = (4 4) 100 = (256) 100

2 600 = (2 6) 100 = (64) 100

2 100 < 8 < 64 < 243 < 256

100 100 100 100

~ 16 25 < 8 100
< 2 600 < 3 500 < 4 400
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SELECTION 8 MATHS 24 TERM III

Unit- 2. LIFE MATHEMATICS

Exercise 2.1 (v) A alone can do a work in 10 days and B
alone in 15 days. They undertook the work
1. Fill in the blanks : for 200000. The amount that A will get is
________.
(i) A can finish a job in 3 days where as B
Solution :
finishes it in 6 days. The time taken to
1 1
complete the job together is ______days.
Solution : A:B = ¾ : ¾¾ = 3 : 2
10 15
1 1 2+1 3 1
A+B = ¾ ¾++ ¾ = ¾¾ = ¾ = ¾ 3 40000
3 6 6 6 2 Amount of A = ¾ X 200000
5
(ii) If 5 persons can do 5 jobs in 5 days, = 1,20,000
then 50 persons can do 50 jobs in
________ days. 2. 210 men working 12 hours a day can
Solution : finish a job in 18 days. How many men
Men Jobs Days are required to finish the job in 20 days
5 5 5 working 14 hours a day?
50 50 x Solution :
Men Hours Days
5 50 210 12 18
Days = ¾ x ¾ x 5 x 14 20
50 5
12
= 5 days Hours and Men inverse proportion = ¾
14
(iii) A can do a work in 24 days. A and B 18
¾
together can finish the work in 6 days. Days and Men inverse proportion = 20
Then B alone can finish the work in 6 9
12 18 3
________ days.
~ Men required = ¾ X ¾ X 210
Solution :
14 20
2
B = (A+B) - A
= 162 Men
1 1 4-1 3 1
=¾ - ¾¾ = ¾¾ = ¾¾ = ¾ 3. A cement factory makes 7000 cement
6 24 24 24 8 bags in 12 days with the help of 36
machines. How many bags can be made
8 days in 18 days using 24 machines?
Solution :
(iv) A alone can do a piece of work in 35 Days Machines Bags
days. If B is 40% more efficient than A, then 12 36 7000
B will finish the work in ___________days. 18 24 ?
Solution : 2 18
1 1 40 Days and Bags Direct proportion = ¾
B = ¾ + ¾ x ¾¾ 12
35 35 5 100
Machines and Bags Direct proportion
1 2 5+2 7 1
= ¾ + ¾ = ¾¾ = ¾ = ¾ 24
35 175 175 175 25 = ¾
36
25 days

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SELECTION 8 MATHS 25 TERM III

2
18 24 6. A can do a piece of work in 12 hours, B
Number of bags = ¾ X ¾ X 7000 and C can do it 3 hours whereas A and C
12 36 can do it in 6 hours. How long will B
2 alone take to do the same work?
= 7000 bags Solution :
1
4. A soap factory produces 9600 soaps A's 1 hour work = ¾
12
in 6 days working 15 hours a day. In how
many days will it produce 14400 soaps 1
working 3 hours more a day? (B +C)'s 1 hour work = ¾
3
Solution :
Soaps Hours Days 1
( A+C)'s 1 hour work = ¾
9600 15 6 6
14400 18 ?
B 's 1 hour work = (B +C) - (A+C) + A
14400 1 1 1 4 - 2 +1 3 1
Soaps and days direct variation = ¾¾¾ = ¾ - ¾ + ¾ = ¾¾¾ = ¾ = ¾
9600 3 6 12 12 12 4
15 ~ B takes = 4 hours
Hours and days inverse variation = ¾
18
12 3 5 7. A and B can do a piece of work in 12
14400 15 15 1 days, while B and C can do it in 15 days
Days = ¾¾¾ x ¾ x 6 = ¾ = 7 7¾¾
9600 8 2 2 whereas A and C can do it in 20 days.
8 1 3
2 How long would each take to do the
1 same work?
= 7 ¾ days Solution :
2 1
(A +B)'s 1 day's work = ¾
5. If 6 container lorries can transport 135 12
tonnes of goods in 5 days, how many
more lorries are required to transport (B +C) 's 1 day's work = ¾ 1
180 tonnes of goods in 4 days? 15
Solution :
1
Tonnes Days Lorries (A+C) 's 1 day's work = ¾
135 5 6 20
180 4 ?
2(A+B+C) 's 1 day's work
180 1 1 1 5 +4 +3 12 1
= ¾ + ¾ + ¾ = ¾¾¾ = ¾ = ¾
Tonnes, Lorries direct variation = ¾¾ 12 15 20 60 60 5
135
1
5 ~ (A+B+C) 's 1 day's work = ¾
Days, Lorries inverse variation = ¾ 10
4 A 's 1 day's work = (A+B+C) - (B+C)
Number of Lorries required 1 1 3 -2 1
180 45 5
2 = ¾ - ¾ = ¾¾ = ¾
= ¾¾ X ¾ X 6 = 10 Lorries 10 15 30 30
3 135 4 ~ A takes = 30 days

Number of Lorries required more B 's 1 day's work = (A+B+C) - (A+C)

= 10 - 6 = 4 Lorries 1 1 2 -1 1
= ¾ - ¾ = ¾¾ = ¾
10 20 20 20
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SELECTION 8 MATHS 26 TERM III

~ B takes = 20 days Work finished by them in 3 days

) ( ) ( )
1 1 3+5 8 8
C 's 1 day's work = (A+B+C) - (A+B)
1 1 6 -5 1 10 (
= 3 ¾+ ¾ = 3
6
¾¾ = 3 ¾ = ¾
30 30 10
= ¾ - ¾ = ¾¾ = ¾ 10
10 12 60 60 8 2
Remaining work = 1 - ¾ = ¾
~C takes = 60 days 10 10
~ Days taken by a man to complete the
8. Carpenter A takes 15 minutes to fit the
parts of a chair while Carpenter B takes 3 remaining work
minutes more than A to do the same 2
work. Working together, how long will it ¾
take for them to fit the parts for 22 chairs? 10 2 10
Solution : = ¾¾¾¾ = ¾ x ¾ = 2 days
1 10 1
1 ¾
A 's 1 minute work = ¾ 10
15
1 10. A is thrice as fast as B. If B can do a
B 's 1 minute work = ¾ piece of work in 24 days, then find the
18
number of days they will take to
1 1 complete the work together
(A+B) 's 1 minute work = ¾ + ¾ Solution :
15 18
A:B = 1:3
6+5 11 1 x
¾¾ = ¾ ¾ = ¾
90 90 3 24
Time taken by (A+B) for 1 chair 3 x = 24
90 x =8
= ¾ minutes A takes = 8 days
11
Time taken by (A+B) for 22 chairs 1 1
(A +B) 's 1 day's work = ¾ + ¾
90 2 8 24
= ¾ x 22 = 180 minutes 3+1 4 1
11 = ¾¾ = ¾ = ¾
= 3 hours 24 24 6
Days taken by them = 6 days
9. A man takes 10 days to finish a job Try these
where as a woman takes 6 days to finish
the same job. Together they worked for 3 Classify the given examples as direct or
days and then the woman left . In how inverse proportion:
many days will the man complete the (i) Weight of pulses to their cost.
remaining job? Solution : Direct proportion
Solution :
1 (ii) Distance travelled by bus to the price of
Man's one day work = ¾ ticket.
10
Solution : Direct proportion
1
Woman's one day work = ¾ (iii) Speed of the athelete to cover a certain
6
distance.
Solution : Inverse proportion
 www.nammakalvi.in

SELECTION 8 MATHS 27 TERM III

(iv) Number of workers employed to Think

complete a construction in a specified
time. (i) When x and y are in direct proportion
Solution : Inverse proportion and if y is doubled, then what happens to
x?
(v) Volume of water flown through a pipe Solution :
to its pressure. y = kx
Solution : Direct proportion Þ ((2y)
2 y ) = k (2 x)
(2x)
~ x also doubled
(vi) Area of a circle to its radius.
Solution : Direct proportion x 6 x
(ii)If ¾¾ = ¾ What is ¾ ?
Try these y-x 7 y
Solution :
1. When x = 5 and y = 5 find k, k , if x and y x 6 x
vary directly. ¾¾ = ¾ = ¾¾¾
Solution : y-x 7 y - x+
x+xx
y = kx 6 x 6
Þ 5 =5k = ¾¾ Þ ¾ = ¾
6+7 y 13
Þ k=1
Try these
2. When x and y vary inversely, find the
constant of variation when x = 64 and Identify the different variations present
y = 0.75 in the following questions:
Solution : 1. 24 men can make 48 articles in 12 days.
xy = k Then, 6 men can make ________articles in
Þ k = (64) (0.75) = 48 6 days.
Solution :
3. You draw a circle of a given radius. Men Days Articles
Then, draw its radii in such a way that 24 12 48
the angles between any pair of radii are 6 6 ?
equal. You start with drawing 3 radii and
end with drawing 12 radii in the circle. Number of Articles
Prepare a table for the number of radii to 3 6 6 2
the angle between a pair of consecutive = ¾ X ¾ X 48 = 6 articles
radii and check whether they are in 24 12
2
inverse proportion. What is the
proportionality constant? 2. 15 workers can lay a road of length 4
Solution : km in 4 hours. Then, _____ workers can
Radii Angle lay a road of length 8 km in 8 hours.
3 120O Solution :
6 60 O Hours Length Workers
12 30 O
4 4 15
24 15O 8 8 ?
~ Inverse proportion Number of workers
xy = k 4 8
Þ k = (3) (120) = 360 = ¾ X ¾ X 15 = 15 workers
8 4
 www.nammakalvi.in

SELECTION 8 MATHS 28 TERM III

3. 25 women working 12 hours a day can 3 3 9

complete a work in 36 days. Then, 20 = ¾x ¾x p = ¾ p
women must work _____ hours a day to 4 1 4
complete the same work in 30 days.
Solution : 2. If m persons can complete a work in n
Women Days Hours days ,then 4m persons can complete
25 36 12 the same work in _______days and
20 30 ? m
¾ persons can complete the same work
Number of Hours 4
5 6 in _______ days.
25 36 3 Solution :
= ¾ X ¾ X 12 = 18 hours Persons Days
20 30
4 5
m n
4m ?
4. In a camp, there are 420 kg of rice
sufficient for 98 persons for 45 days. m
¾ ?
The number of days that 60 kg of rice will 4
last for 42 persons is _____.
Solution : Days taken by 4
4mm persons
Persons Kg Days m n
98 420 45 = ¾¾ x n = ¾ days
4
4mm 4
42 60 ? m
Days taken by ¾ persons
Number of Days 4
1 14 98 60 15
m 4
= ¾ X ¾¾ X 45 = 15 days = ¾¾ x n = m x ¾ xn = 4n days
42 420 m m
3 7 ¾
4
Try these
Exercise 2.2
1. Vikram can do one-third of work in p Miscellaneous and Practice Problems
3
days. He can do ¾ th of work in 1. 5 boys or 3 girls can do a science
4 project in 40 days. How long will it take for
_______ days. 15 boys and 6 girls to do the same project?
Solution :
Solution : Boys Days
Work Days 5 40
1 25 ?
¾ p 5 Boys = 3 Girls
3 ~ 10 Boys = 6 Girls
3 ~ 15 Boys + 6 Girls
¾ ?
4 = (15 +10) Boys = 25 Boys
3
¾ 5 8
4 Number of days required = ¾ x40 = 8 days
Number of days = ¾¾ x p 25
1 5
¾
3
 www.nammakalvi.in

SELECTION 8 MATHS 29 TERM III

2. If 32 men working 12 hours a day can 4. A, B and C can complete a work in 5

do a work in 15 days, how many men days. If A and C can complete the same
working 10 hours a day can do double 1
that work in 24 days?
work in 7 ¾ days and A alone in 15 days,
Solution :
Work Hours Days Men 2
1 12 15 32 then in how many days can B and C finish
2 10 24 ? the work?
Solution :
2 1
Work and Men direct proportion = ¾ Work finished by (A +B+C) in 1 day = ¾
1 5
12 1
Hours and Men inverse proportion= ¾ Work finished by (A)in 1 day = ¾
10 15
Work finished by (B+C) in 1 day
15
Days and Men inverse proportion = ¾ 1 1 3-1 2
24 = ¾ - ¾ = ¾¾ = ¾
5 15 15 15
Number of Men needed
3 ~ Days taken by (B and C)
2 12 15 16
= ¾ X ¾ X ¾ X 32 15 1
1 2 10 24 = ¾ days = 7 ¾ days
2 2 2
= 48 Men
5. P and Q can do a piece of work in 12
days and 15 days respectively. P
3. Amutha can weave a saree in 18 days. started the work alone and then, after 3
Anjali is twice as good a weaver as days Q joined him till the work was
Amutha. If both of them weave together, completed. How long did the work last?
in how many days can they complete Solution :
weaving the saree? 1
Solution : P's 1 day's work = ¾
Number of days taken by Amutha 12
= 18 days 1
Q 's 1 day's work = ¾
Number of days taken by Anjali 15
18 1 1
= ¾ = 9 days (P+Q) 's 1 day's work = ¾+ ¾
2 12 15
Work finished by 5+4 9 3
= ¾¾ = ¾ = ¾
Amutha and Anjali in 1 day 60 60 20
1 1 2 +1 3 1 1 1
= ¾ + ¾ = ¾¾ = ¾ = ¾ ¾= ¾
Work finished by'P' in 3 days = 3 xx¾
18 9 18 18 6 12 4
1 3
~ Number of days taken by them Remaining work = 1- ¾ = ¾
4 4
= 6 days
 www.nammakalvi.in

SELECTION 8 MATHS 30 TERM III

~ Days taken by 'P & Q' to complete the 7. A small–scale company undertakes
remaining work an agreement to make 540 motor pumps
in 150 days and employs 40 men for the
3 work. After 75 days, the company could
¾ 5
4 3 20 make only 180 motor pumps. How many
= ¾¾ = ¾ x ¾ = 5 days more men should the company employ
3 4 3 so that the work is completed on time as
¾
20 per the agreement?
Solution :
~ Total number of days = 3 ™ + 5 = 8 days
Pumps Days Work Men
540 150 1 40
Challenging Problems
1
6. A camp had provisions for 490 soldiers 360 75 ¾ ?
2
for 65 days. After 15 days, more soldiers
arrived and the remaining provisions Number of Men needed
lasted for 35 days. How many soldiers 3 2
joined the camp? 540 150 1 20
Solution : = ¾¾ x ¾ x ¾ x 40 = 60 Men
Days Quantity Soldiers 360 75 2
2
65 1 490 Number of Men needed more
50 = 60 - 40 = 20 Men
35 ¾ ?
65 8. A can do a work in 45 days. He works at
(65 - 15=50) it for 15 days and then, B alone finishes
65 the remaining work in 24 days. Find the
Days, Soldiers inverse proportion = ¾ time taken to complete 80% of the work,
35 if they work together.
50 Solution :
Quantity, Soldiers direct proportion = ¾ 1
65
A's 1 day's work = ¾
Number of Soldiers 45
10 70
65 50 1 1
= ¾ X ¾ X 490 = 700 Soldiers A 's 15 day's work = 15 x ¾ = ¾
7 35 65 45 3
1 2
Number of Soldiers joined Remaining work = 1 - ¾ = ¾
= 700 - 490 = 210 Soldiers 3 3
2
¾
3 2 1 1
B's 1 day's work = ¾¾ = ¾ x ¾ = ¾
24 3 24 36
12
1 1
(A+B)'s 1 day's work = ¾+ ¾
45 36
4+5 9 1
= ¾¾ = ¾¾ = ¾
180 180 20
~ A and B takes = 20 days
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SELECTION 8 MATHS 31 TERM III

10. X alone can do a piece of work in 6

Work Days days and Y alone in 8 days. X and Y
1 20 undertook the work for 4800. With the
80 help of Z, they completed the work in 3
¾ ? days. How much is Z’s share?
100 Solution :
80 1
Number of days = ¾¾ x 20 = 16 X 's 1day work = ¾
100 6
~ 16 days
1
Y 's 1 day work = ¾
1 8
9. P alone can do ¾ of a work in 6 days
2 1
(X+Y+Z) ' s 1 day work = ¾
2 3
and Q alone can do ¾ of the same work
3 1 1 1
Z ' s 1 day work = ¾ - ¾- ¾
in 4 days. In how many days working 3 6 8
3 8 -4-3 1
together, will they finish ¾ of the work? = ¾¾¾ = ¾¾
4 24 24
Solution :
Number of days taken by 'P'
= 6 x 2 = 12 days 1 1 1
X:Y:Z = ¾ : ¾ : ¾
Number of days taken by 'Q' 6 8 24
2 3 4 3
= 4 x ¾ = 6 days 1 1 1
2 = ¾ x 24 : ¾ x 24 : ¾ x 24
6 8 24
1 1
(P+Q)' 1 day work = ¾+ ¾ =4:3:1
12 6 600
1
1+2 3 1 Z ' s share = ¾ x 4800 = 600
= ¾¾ = ¾¾ = ¾ 8
12 12 4
3
~ Days to complete ¾ of work
4
3
¾
4 3 4
= ¾¾ = ¾ x ¾ = 3 days
1 4 1
¾
4

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