Unit 1.

A long and healthy life

LANGUAGE
PRONUNCIATION
I. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three
in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. infection B. ingredient C. press-up D. energy
2. A. virus B. cut C. up D. muscle
3. A. expectancy B. antibiotic C. active D. recipe
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differ from the other three in the position of
primary stress in each of the following questions.
4. A. bacteria B. examine C. ingredient D. properly
5. A. balanced B. disease C. fitness D. illness

VOCABULARY
II. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1. If people have a properly _______ diet, they can combat infection easily.
A. balanced B. fair C. equal D. steady
2. The doctor fully _______ her but couldn't find anything wrong with her physical health.
A. surveyed B. explored C. examined D. reviewed
3. Eating disorders which radically affect your mood can be a mental _______.
A. ill B. illness C. fitness D. treatment
4. As his brain areas controlling balance are damaged, he has to _______ alcoholic drinks.
A. cut down on B. cutback C. cutoff D. make a cut
5. He would not _______ his clear goal of 30 minutes of high intensity exercise each day in the face of
poor health.
A. achieve B. give up C. setoff D. establish
6. Some diet food can be false as they are labelled _______ while not all the fat content is removed.
A. fatness B. full-fat C. fat-free D. no fat
7. We should choose something more _______ than a salty and oily ready-made snack.
A. nutrient B. nutritious C. nutrition D. nutritionist
III. Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the words and phrases in the box.
treatment when they are in desperate need.
1. Many patients haven't received immediate (treat) ________
2. Swimming is an effective way to build up the (strong) ________
strength of our muscles.
3. Our body needs essential minerals and vitamins to fight serious (infect) ________
infection .
4. He has trained very hard to become a top (fit) ________
fitness coach in this gym.
poisioning .
5. I don't think the stomach ache is connected with food (poison) ________
6. High consumption of fish and soybeans is the reason for the higher life (expect) expectancy
________ of the
Japanese.
7. My sister is suffering from a great loss of health due to eating (proper) improperly
________ .
IV. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. Many experts said coronavirus spread would effectively be halted as lockdown was imposed.
A. development B. isolation C. transmission D. activation
2. A recent study reveals that women's dietary habits have changed significantly from unhealthy food
to more nutritious one.
A. eating B. smoking C. regular D. personal
V. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. He had terribly suffered continual back pain from a bad injury until he was surgically treated last
year.
A. hurt B. affected C. put up with D. relieved
2. Sally had an unexpected violent headache so she had to see the doctor in the late evening, after regular
hours.
A. scheduled work hours B. closing time
C. peak time D. office hours

GRAMMAR
VI. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1. I _______ many kinds of bread and on the whole I _______ out that whole grain bread even tastes
better than white bread.
A. tried - found B. have tried - have found
C. try - found D. tried - have found
2. Since the 1970s, the average cholesterol level of the American _______ due to the growing
consumption of red meat and sweeteners.
A. increased B. is increasing C. has increased D. increases
3. Before Covid-19, 50% of Americans _______ out once a week for convenience and for the enjoyment
of it.
A. eat B. ate C. had eaten D. has eaten
4. Since the pandemic _______, many people _______ less active and energetic.
A. began - have been B. begin - are
C. has begun - were D. began - were
5. How many world records _______ Usain Bolt, one of the fastest short distance runners alive,
_______?
A. did - break B. is - breaking
C. does - break D. has - broken
VII. Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple and present perfect.
met up
1. We (meet up) ________ for the first time when we were both college students.
2. Past generations (grow) ________ their own grains so they could have fruits and vegetables packing
vital nutrients. grew
 have changed
3. Over the last decade, our eating habits (change) ________ considerably, with our diets becoming
more balanced and adequate.
4. During the Second World War, due to a shortage of white flour, bread (be) was
________ usually brown
and whole wheat.
has become
5. Since microwave ovens were invented, convenience food (become) ________ popular with people
eating the pre-prepared meals several times a week.
VIII. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
following questions.
1. I have taken part in a half marathon for the first time when my brother urged me to be more
A took B C
physically active.
D
2. Based on 2019 statistics, people who have downloaded exercise apps tend to take exercise
A B downloaded C
more regularly than those who didn't.
D
3. Because I always want to be well-prepared for the biggest festival of the year, I already buy
A B C D
have already bought
all the Christmas presents.
4. It's the first time we tried Greek yoghurt though we all know it contains fewer carbs than
A B have tried
C D
regular yoghurt.
5. It's high time you have replaced your favourite fast food with healthier and more delicious meals.
A B replaced C D

SKILLS
READING
I. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase
that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.
People are usually unaware that they are consuming more salt than they really need. (1) ________
salt intake to less than 5g per day could prevent millions of deaths each year. Too much salt in the diet
can lead to heart disease and high blood pressure. In the early 1960s, Japanese life (2) ________ was the
lowest of any G7 country, due to stomach cancer which partly resulted from the enormous amount of
salt they (3) ________ into their food. The decrease in salty food intake is partly responsible for the
longer longevity of the Japanese nowadays. Many food manufacturers are reforming the (4) ________
to reduce salt in their products. Since they realised the risks salt might bring to health, many consumers
(5) ________ into the habit of checking nutrition labels to see how much salt is in a product before
buying it.
1. A. Cutting down on B. Making up C. Getting down to D. Setting in
2. A. cycle B. insurance C. sentence D. expectancy
3. A. are adding B. have added C. added D. would add
4. A. directions B. recipes C. prescriptions D. instructions
5. A. felt B. are falling C. have fallen D. will fall
II. Read the following web article and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false
(F).
Getting a good sleep is as important as having a balanced diet or taking regular exercise. Though
sleep requirements differ from person to person, most adults need 7 to 9 hours of sleep per night. Poor
night sleep can put your health and safety at risk, which is why it's vital that you prioritise and protect
your sleep on a daily basis.
Numerous studies have connected the lack of sleep with weight gain. A 2020 analysis found that
adults who slept fewer than 7 hours per night had a 41% increased risk of running into weight problems.
Increasingly high levels of a hormone called ghrelin that makes us feel hungry are reached with the lack
of sleep. As a result, we tend to eat more calories and easily become obsessed.
The matter can be worsened when exhaustion after a night of too little sleep may make you become
unmotivated to work out, go for a walk or any other physical activities.
A specific study on overworked employees has also provided a good example of the relation
between sleep and concentration. It found out that doctors with moderate and high sleep-related
problems were 54% and 96% more likely to make clinically medical errors.
1. 7 to 9 hours per night are a required amount of sleeping time for adults. T
________
2. 41 per cent of adults who do not have enough sleep have weight problems. F
________
3. Ghrelin, the hormone that makes us feel hungry usually wakes us from sleep. ________
F

4. The lack of sleep makes us too tired to work out at gyms or take physical exercise. T
________
5. Doctors who have more sleep-related problems face a stronger possibility of making professional
mistakes. ________
T

III. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to
each of the questions.
Almost everyone's exercise habits changed when the Covid-19 started. Data from more than
400,000 users of smartphone step-counting apps concluded that around the world, average daily steps
declined by about 27 percent by the end of the first month. The more dramatic drop in the time people
spent working out was observed among those who had been the most active before the pandemic.
After the lockdowns were lifted, most people began exercising again. However, in general, only
those older than 65 exceeded the previous minutes of taking part in physical activities. On average, they
added 20 minutes more to the time they had usually spent on regular exercise. Older people probably
had more free time for exercise than younger adults who are trying to deal with child care, work and
many other responsibilities. Moreover, with old age as a condition of Covid-19 cases and deaths, it
stands to psychological reason that older people might have worried more about their general health,
motivating them to get up and do activities that improve their fitness.
A study has also shown that since the lockdown measures were adopted, many people reached their
general practitioners to ask about the appropriate intensity of physical activities that they could do at
home. The doctors made a list of light activities that one could do at home and reduce time spent sitting
or lying down and break up long periods of not being able to do moderate and high intensity activities.
The list contains moving around their home, cleaning and dusting, making the bed and walking at a slow
pace.
1. Which of the following is not the conclusion of the research mentioned in paragraph 1?
A. People who had been more energetic before the pandemic became more inactive during the first
month of lockdown.
B. On average, the number of steps people took decreased by about 27% in the first month of
lockdown.
C. More than 400,000 people downloaded smartphone step-counting apps so they could join the
research.
D. People's exercise habits changed after the lockdown measures were implemented.
2. The underlined word exceeded in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. passed B. cut C. took D. shortened
3. Because age is a factor contributing to the Covid-19 deaths, old adults _______.
A. have more time to do exercise
B. don't have so many responsibilities in life
C. no longer want to work
D. are driven into improving their health
4. According to doctors, _______ are suitable to be done at home during lockdowns.
A. light activities B. moderate intensity activities
C. high intensity activities D. none of the listed activities
5. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A. Why older people tend to do more physical activities after the pandemic lockdowns.
B. How the pandemic is changing old people's exercise habits.
C. What was the most affected age group when the lockdown measures were used.
D. What are the appropriate activities to do at home during the pandemic lockdowns.

SPEAKING
IV. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the option that best completes each of the following
exchanges.
1. Patient: Doctor, I've had a backache since Monday morning.
Doctor: _______
A. You should try lifting weights. B. Remember to have your eye test regularly!
C. Have you tried doing some stretches yet? D. Can I help you with that?
2. A: Good morning, madam. I am Kevin. I am a fitness trainer here. _______
B: Good morning. I am Linda. As you can see, I am overweight. I want to start a workout routine for
obese beginners.
A. How can I help you? B. You look so fit and healthy.
C. I've worked here for 3 years. D. What kind of samples do you have?
V. Complete the conversation with the expressions in the box.
 A. You are right that it makes people sick.
B. You must be kidding.
C. I am in some doubt about that.
A: Fast food is bad for your health. I think the government should ban it completely.
b
B: (1) ________ . I think eating fast food is convenient. It requires no cooking and is very helpful if
you don't have time or a kitchen.
A: But eating poor quality diets is linked to risks of obesity and cancer. Do you know that having fast
food more than once a week increases the risk of death from heart disease?
B: (2) ________
A . But there are always dangerous things: driving, smoking, not taking any exercise.
And illnesses caused by food poisoning affect thousands of people every day. The government can't
control everything.
A: Well, that's true, but fast food is changing our cooking culture. More importantly, it makes young
people feel hurried. In other words, it can make you impatient.
B: Well, (3) ________
c . I only know for sure that the fast food industry provides job opportunities for
many people. If fast food is banned, millions of people will be unemployed.

WRITING
VI. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the
following questions.
1. I shall be very much pleased if you can attend the house-warming party on Saturday evening.
A. I will be delighted to see you at the house-warming party on Saturday evening.
B. Going to a house-warming party is always a happy experience for everybody.
C. Why don't we throw a cheerful house-warming party together on Saturday evening?
D. Saturday evenings are always a great time to have house-warming parties.
2. How about a cup of egg coffee in a bright winter morning?
A. Why don't people have a cup of egg coffee in winter mornings?
B. Is a bright winter morning suitable for egg coffee?
C. Let's make a cup of egg coffee in a bright winter morning.
D. Would you like to have a cup of egg coffee with me?
3. Don't forget to share with me the secret recipe for the cheesecakes you baked yesterday.
A. Keep in mind that the recipe for the cheesecakes you made yesterday is a secret.
B. Make sure that you always bake cheesecakes using your secret recipe.
C. Remember to send me your secret cheesecake recipe.
D. Don't send anyone your secret recipe for baking cheesecake.
4. Why don't you invite Jane to the party? She is our all-weather friend.
A. I advise you to invite Jane because she is a good friend.
B. I suggest we don't invite Jane as she is not a good friend.
C. I don't want you to invite Jane to the party because she is not my friend.
D. For whatever reason, don't invite Jane as she is not our friend.
5. Employees are required to wear fancy clothes to the year-end party unless a few who fulfil special
tasks are expected otherwise.
A. Except for those who do special tasks, all employees are encouraged to wear fancy clothes to the
year-end party.
B. If employees take special tasks at the year-end party, they need to wear fancy clothes.
C. Employees who don't perform special tasks have to wear fancy clothes to the year-end party.
D. Special tasks at the year-end party demand employees not to wear any other kinds of clothes but
fancy ones.
6. Don't come to my birthday party without bringing your boyfriend with you.
A. If you bring your boyfriend with you, don't come to my birthday party.
B. Without you bringing your boyfriend with you, it is not a birthday party.
C. Your boyfriend will never come to my birthday party.
D. You need to bring your boyfriend to my birthday party.
7. You should make sure to be home in good time for the warm welcome to our dinner's guests.
A. You need to arrive home early enough so that you can warmly welcome the guests to our dinner.
B. The guests to the dinner will arrive very early so you should stay at home.
C. The good time to warmly welcome the guests to our home is surely before dinner.
D. You should make sure that the guests will have a good time when they come to our home for
dinner.
VII. Write a letter (150-180 words) to invite a friend or a relative and his/ her boyfriend/ girlfriend to
the Christmas party at your house.
You should include:
- date and time of the party
- location of the party
- general plan for the party (food, activities)
- anything they can bring to the party
- dress code if applicable
- RSVP details if required