WEST BENGAL STATE UNIVERSITY

SYLLABUS in CHEMISTRY
Under
Curriculum and Credit Framework for
Undergraduate Programmes

Part A: Syllabus of Major (Core Course) for 4-year

HONOURS in CHEMISTRY

Part B: Syllabus of Minor Course in Chemistry for 4-year

UG Programme (Honours in subjects other than Chemistry)

and 3-year Multidisciplinary UG Programme.

Part C: Skill Enhancement Course in Chemistry

Part D: Multidisciplinary Course (MDC) in Chemistry

1
 Part A
Major (Core Course) for HONOURS in CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER I

Paper Course ID Course Content Marks Total

Credit
FUNDAMENTALS CEMDSC101T Unit-1: Atomic Structure and Theoretical : 50 03
OF CHEMISTRY 1 chemical periodicity
Unit-2: Basics of Organic
chemistry
Unit-3: Kinetic Theory and
Gaseous State

CEMDSC101P Practical : 50 02

SEMESTER II

Paper Course ID Course Content Marks Total Credit

FUNDAMENTALS OF CEMDSC202T Unit-1:Acid-Base reactions Theoretical : 50 03
CHEMISTRY 2 Unit-2: Stereochemistry
Unit-3: Chemical Kinetics

CEMDSC202P Practical : 50 02

SEMESTER III

Paper Course ID Course Content Marks Total

Credit
CHEMICAL CEMDSC303T Unit-1: Chemical Periodicity 2 Theoretical: 50 03
REACTION : and Redox reactions
PROPERTIES AND Unit-2:Substitution,
ENERGETICS Elimination Reactions and
Reaction Kinetics
Unit-3: Chemical
Thermodynamics-I
CEMDSC303P Practical: 50 02

2
 SEMESTER IV

Paper Course ID Course Content Marks Total Credit

INORGANIC CEMDSC404T Unit-1: Radioactivity Theoretical: 50 03
CHEMISTRY 1 Unit-2: Chemical Bonding-I
Unit-3: Chemical Bonding-II
Unit-4: Chemical Bonding-
III
CEMDSC404P Practical: 50 02

ORGANIC CEMDSC405T Unit-1: Stereochemistry II Theoretical: 50 03

CHEMISTRY 1 Unit-2: Chemistry of
Alkanes, Alkenes and
Alkynes
Unit-3: Aromatic
Substitution Reactions and
Phenols
Unit-4: Alcohols, Ethers,
Carboxylic acids and their
derivatives
CEMDSC405P Practical: 50 02

PHYSICAL CEMDSC406T Unit-1: Chemical Theoretical: 50 03

CHEMISTRY 1 Thermodynamic-II
Unit-2 : Chemical and ionic
equilibrium
Unit-3 : Transport
Phenomenon
Unit-4: Quantum Mechanics
I
CEMDSC406P Practical: 50 02

MOLECULAR CEMDSC407T Unit-1: NMR Spectroscopy Theoretical: 50 04

SPECTROSCOPY Unit-2: UV & IR
Spectroscopy
Unit-3: Rotational
Spectroscopy
Unit-4: Vibrational & Raman
Spectroscopy
TUTORIAL Tutorial: 50 01

3
 SEMESTER V

Paper Course ID Course Content Marks Total Credit

INORGANIC CEMDSC508T Unit-1: Chemistry of s and p Block Theoretical: 50 03
CHEMISTRY 2 Elements (Group 1, 2, 13, 14 & 15)
Unit-2: Chemistry of p-Block
Elements (Group 16, 17 & 18)
Unit-3: Transition Elements and M-M
Bonding
Unit-4: Coordination Chemistry-I
CEMDSC508P Practical: 50 02

ORGANIC CEMDSC509T Unit-1: Carbonyls and Related Theoretical: 50 03

CHEMISTRY 2 Compounds
Unit-2: Organometallics
Unit-3: Nitrogen Compounds
Unit-4: Rearrangements
CEMDSC509P Practical: 50 02

PHYSICAL CEMDSC510T Unit-1: Surface Phenomenon Theoretical: 50 03

CHEMISTRY 2 Unit-2: Electrical properties
Unit-3: Quantum Chemistry II
Unit-4: Photochemistry

CEMDSC510P Practical: 50 02

ANALYTICAL CEMDSC511T Unit-1: Qualitative and quantitative Theoretical: 50 04

TECHNIQUES aspects of analysis
IN Unit-2: Flame Atomic Absorption and
CHEMISTRY Emission Spectrometry
Unit-3: Quantitative Analysis
Unit-4: Analytical Techniques
TUTORIAL Tutorial: 50 01

4
 SEMESTER VI

Paper Course ID Course Content Marks Total Credit

INORGANIC CEMDSC612T Unit-1: Coordination Theoretical: 50 03
CHEMISTRY 3 Chemistry-II
Unit-2: Coordination
Chemistry-III
Unit-3: Bioinorganic Chemistry –
I
Unit-4: Organometallic
Chemistry I
CEMDSC612P Practical: 50 02

ORGANIC CEMDSC613T Unit-1: Pericyclic Chemistry Theoretical: 50 03

CHEMISTRY 3 Unit-2: Polynuclear Aromatic
Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and
Fullerenes
Unit-3: Retro-synthetic Strategy
in Organic Synthesis
Unit-4: Chemistry of Cyclic
Compounds
CEMDSC613P Practical: 50 02

PHYSICAL CEMDSC614T Unit-1: Chemical Theoretical: 50 03

CHEMISTRY 3 Thermodynamics-III
Unit-2: Quantum Chemistry III
Unit-3: Statistical
Thermodynamics
Unit-4: Solid state

CEMDSC614P Practical: 50 02

GREEN & CEMDSC615T Unit-1: Introduction to Green Theoretical: 50 04

APPLICATION Chemistry
ORIENTED Unit-2: Examples of Green
CHEMISTRY Synthesis including some real
world cases
Unit-3: Chemistry in Daily life
Unit-4: Environment Related
Chemistry

TUTORIAL Tutorial: 50 01

5
 SEMESTER VII

Paper Course ID Course Content Marks Total Credit

ADVANCED CEMDSC716T Unit-1: Bioinorganic Theoretical: 50 03
INORGANIC Chemistry-II
CHEMISTRY 1 Unit-2: Reaction Kinetics and
Mechanism
Unit-3: Organometallic
Chemistry II
Unit-4:
Organometallics and f-block
elements
CEMDSC716P Practical: 50 02

ADVANCED CEMDSC717T Unit-1: Heterocyclic Theoretical: 50 03

ORGANIC Compounds
CHEMISTRY 1 Unit-2: Carbohydrates
Unit-3: Amino acids, Peptides
and Proteins
Unit-4: Bioorganic Chemistry
Related to some Bio-molecules I
CEMDSC717P Practical: 50 02

6
 SEMESTER VIII

Paper Course ID Course Content Marks Total Credit

ADVANCED CEMDSC818T Unit-1: Symmetry and Group Theoretical: 50 03
PHYSICAL Theory
CHEMISTRY 1 Unit-2: Electrochemistry
Unit-3: Quantum Chemistry IV
Unit-4: Theoretical Spectroscopy

CEMDSC818P Practical: 50 02

ADVANCED CEMDSC819T Unit-1: General Principles of Theoretical: 50 03

INORGANIC Metallurgy
CHEMISTRY 2 Unit-2: Silicate Industries
Unit-3: Batteries and Alloys
Unit-4: Fertilizers and Chemical
explosives
CEMDSC819P Practical: 50 02

ADVANCED CEMDSC820T Unit-1: Asymmetric Synthesis Theoretical: 50 03

ORGANIC Unit-2: Natural Products
CHEMISTRY 2 Unit-3: Bioorganic Chemistry
Related to some Bio-molecules II
Unit-4: Reagents in Organic
Synthesis

CEMDSC820P Practical: 50 02

ADVANCED CEMDSC821T Unit-1: Introduction to Polymer Theoretical: 50 03

PHYSICAL Chemistry
CHEMISTRY 2 Unit-2: Kinetics and Application of
Polymers
Unit-3: Nanomaterials-1
Unit-4: Nanomaterials-2

CEMDSC821P Practical: 50 02

15
RESEARCH CEMRES801M

7
 Major (Core Course) for HONOURS in CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER-I

CEMDSC101T FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMISTRY 1 Credits: 03

Theory Marks: 50

All Units carry equal marks

Unit-1: Atomic Structure and chemical periodicity
Atomic Structure - Bohr's theory for hydrogen atom (simple mathematical treatment), its
limitations and atomic spectra of hydrogen and Bohr's model, Sommerfeld's model, quantum
numbers and their significance, Pauli’s exclusion principle, Hund's rule, electronic configuration
of many-electron atoms, Aufbau principle and its limitations. Wave mechanics: de Broglie wave
equation, Qualitative idea of Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle. Radial and Angular distribution
[Link] of s, p and d orbitals. Exchange energy (qualitative idea).

Chemical periodicity -Classification of elements on the basis of electronic configuration:

general characteristics of s-, p-, d- and f-block elements. Positions of hydrogen and noble gases.

Unit-2: Basics of Organic chemistry

Nomenclature for acyclic compounds only (trivial and IUPAC), DBE, hybridization(sp", n=
1,2,3) of C, N, O, halogens, bond distance, bond angles, VSEPR, shapes of molecules, inductive
and field effects, bond energy, bond polarity and polarizability, dipole moment, resonance,
resonance energy, steric inhibition of resonance, hyperconjugation, 𝞹-M.O diagrams of ethylene,
butadiene, 1,3,5- hexatriene, allylcation, allyl anion, allyl radical, HOMO and LUMO in ground
and excited states, orbital pictures of allene, carbene(singlet and triplet), vinyl cyanide, Huckel's
rule for aromaticity and antiaromaticity (neutral systems 4,6,8,10 annulene, charged systems
3,4,5,7 rings, Frost-diagram, melting point, boiling point, heat of hydrogenation, heat of
combustion, hydrogen bonding (intra- and inter-molecular), crown-ether, concepts of acidity,
basicity. Reaction intermediates: structure and stability of carbocation, carbanion, radicals,
carbene & nitrene.

8
Unit-3: Kinetic Theory and Gaseous state

Kinetic Theory of gases: Concept of pressure and temperature; Maxwell’s distribution of speed
and energy: Nature of distribution of velocities, Maxwell's distribution of speeds in one, two and
three dimensions; calculations of average, root mean square and most probable values in each
case; Graphical comparison of velocity and energy distribution.

Collision of gas molecules: Collision diameter; Collision number and mean free path; Frequency
of binary collisions (similar molecules); Rate of collision on wall and rate of effusion. Viscosity
of gases from kinetic theory of gas.

Real gas and virial equation: Deviation of gases from ideal behavior; compressibility
factor; Boyle temperature; Andrew's and Amagat's plots; van der Waals equation and its
features; its derivation and application in explaining real gas behaviour; Existence of critical
state, Critical constants in terms of van der Waals constants; Law of corresponding states; virial
equation of state; van der Waals equation expressed in virial form and the significance of second
virial coefficient.

CEMDSC101P Practical Credits: 02

(60 Lectures/Contact hours) Marks: 50

1. Preparation of Standard solutions

a) Primary Standard: K2Cr2O7, Oxalic Acid
b) Secondary Standard: KMnO4, Na2S2O3, Mohr’s Salt
2. Standardization of Secondary Standard Solution: (KMnO4, Na2S2O3, Mohr’s Salt)

3. Systematic identification of a pure, solid organic compound.

Determination of solubility of solid organic compounds in water (cold and hot), dilute
HCl, dilute NaOH and saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate.

Systematic identification of oxalic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, resorcinol,
urea, glucose, sucrose, benzoic acid and salicylic acid.

4. Determination of molecular properties of liquids

a. Study of viscosity of unknown liquid (glycerol, sugar) with respect to water.
b. Determination of relative surface tension of a liquid using Stalagmometer

9
 SEMESTER-II

CEMDSC202T FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMISTRY 2 Credits: 03

Theory Marks: 50

All Units carry equal marks

Unit-1: Acid-Base reactions
Acid-Base concept: Arrhenius concept, theory of solvent system (H2O, NH3, SO2 and HF),
Bronsted-Lowry’s concept, relative strength of acids, Pauling’s rules. Lux-Flood concept, Lewis
concept, group characteristics of Lewis acids, solvent levelling and differentiating effects.
Superacids, proton affinity; HSAB principle. Acid-base equilibria in aqueous solution (Proton
transfer equilibria in water), pH, buffer. Acid-base neutralization curves; indicator, choice of
indicators. Solubility product, common ion effect and their application in analytical chemistry.
(Gr. II A, B & Gr. III A, B).

Unit-2: Stereochemistry

Stereochemistry of acyclic compounds: representation of molecules in Fischer, flying- wedge,

Sawhorse and Newman formula and their translations, chirality, elements of symmetry, simple
axis (Cn), plane of symmetry(σ), centre of symmetry(i), alternating axis of symmetry (Sn),
asymmetry and dissymmetry, optical activity, specific rotation, molar rotation, specific rotation
of mixture, Biot's law. Stereoisomerism: enantiomerism, diastereoisomerism, stereogenic centre,
systems with chiral centres, stereogenic centres involving C=C, C=N, D/L, R/S, E/Z, syn/anti,
cis/trans, meso/dl, threo/erythro nomenclature
Conformation: conformational nomenclature; eclipsed, staggered, gauche and anti, dihedral
angle, torsional angle, Klyne-Prelog terminology, energy barrier of rotation, relative stability of
conformers on the basis of steric effect, dipole-dipole interaction, hydrogen bonding,
conformational analysis of ethane, propane, n-butane, 1,2-dihaloethane, 2-methylbutane, 1.2-
glycols, invertomerism of trialkyl amines

Unit-3: Chemical kinetics

Rate law, order and molecularity: Introduction of rate law, Extent of reaction; rate constants,
order; Forms of rates of First, second and n-th order reactions; Pseudo first order reactions
(example using acid catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl acetate); Determination of order of a reaction
by half-life and differential method.

Role of T and theories of reaction rates: Temperature dependence of rate constant; Arrhenius
equation, energy of activation; Rate-determining step and steady-state approximation –

10
explanation with suitable examples; Collision theory; outline of Lindemann theory of
unimolecular reaction; outline of Transition State theory (classical treatment)

Homogeneous catalysis: Homogeneous catalysis with reference to acid-base catalysis; Primary

kinetic salt effect; Enzyme catalysis.

CEMDSC202P Practical Credits: 02

(60 Lectures/Contact hours) Marks: 50
1. Acid-Base Titration:
a) NaOH− Na2CO3 mixture
b) Na2CO3 – NaHCO3 mixture
c) Oxalate − Oxalic Acid mixture
2. Systematic identification of a pure, liquid organic compound.
Determination of miscibility of liquid organic compounds in water (cold and hot), dilute HCl, dilute
NaOH and saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate.

Systematic identification of formic acid, acetic acid, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, acetone, aniline,
dimethylaniline, benzaldehyde, chloroform and nitrobenzene.

Determination of melting point of pure, solid organic compound (m.p. should be within 150oC).

3. Study of kinetics of simple chemical reactions

a. Study of kinetics of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl acetate
b. Study of kinetics of decomposition of H2O2

11
 SEMESTER-III

CEMDSC303T CHEMICAL REACTION: PROPERTIES AND

ENERGETICS Credits: 03

Theory Marks: 50

All Units carry equal marks

Unit 1: Chemical periodicity (II) and redox reactions

Chemical periodicity (II): Effective nuclear charge, screening effects and penetration, Slater’s
rules, atomic radii, ionic radii (Pauling’s univalent), covalent radii, lanthanide contraction.
Ionization potential, electron affinity and electronegativity (Pauling’s, Mulliken’s and Allred-
Rochow’s scales) and factors influencing these properties, group electronegativities. Group
trends and periodic trends in these propertiesin respectof s-, p- and d-block elements. Secondary
periodicity, Relativistic Effect, Inert pair effect.

Redox reactions: Ion-electron method of balancing equation of redox reaction. Elementary

idea on standard redox potentials with sign conventions, Nernst equation (without derivation).
Influence of complex formation, precipitation and change of pH on redox potentials; formal
potential. Feasibility of a redox titration, redox potential at the equivalence point, redox
indicators, Redox potential diagram (Latimer and Frost diagrams) of common elements and
their applications. Disproportionation and comproportionation reactions.

Unit-2: Substitution, Elimination Reactions and Reaction Kinetics

Nucleophilic substitution reactions: Substitution at sp3centre: mechanisms (with
evidence), relative rates &stereochemical features: SN1, SN2, SN2', SN1' (allylic
rearrangement) and SNi; effects of solvent, substrate structure, leaving group and
nucleophiles (including ambident nucleophiles, cyanide & nitrite); substitutions involving
NGP; role of crown ethers and phase transfer catalysts; [systems: alkyl halides, allyl
halides, benzyl halides, alcohols, ethers, epoxides].

Aliphatic electrophilic substitution: Basic concept, SE1, SE2, Sei

Elimination reactions: E1, E2, E1cB and Ei (pyrolytic syn eliminations); formation of
alkenes and alkynes; mechanisms (with evidence), reactivity, regioselectivity
(Saytzeff/Hofmann) and stereoselectivity; comparison between substitution and
elimination; importance of Bredt’s rule relating to the formation of C=C.

12
Reaction kinetics: Rate constant and free energy of activation; concept of order and
molecularity; free energy profiles for one-step, two-step and three-step reactions;
catalyzed reactions: electrophilic and nucleophilic catalysis; kinetic control and
thermodynamic control of reactions; isotope effect: primary and secondary kinetic
isotopic effect (kH/kD); principle of microscopic reversibility; Hammond’s postulate.

Tautomerism: Prototropy (keto-enol, nitro - aci-nitro, nitroso-oximino, diazo-amino and

(enamine-imine systems), factors affecting keto-enol tautomerism.

Unit 3: Chemical Thermodynamics I

Zeroth and 1st law of Thermodynamics: Intensive and extensive variables; state and path
functions; isolated, closed and open systems; zeroth law of thermodynamics; Concept of
heat, work, internal energy and statement of first law; enthalpy, H; relation between heat
capacities, calculations of q, w, U and H for reversible, irreversible and free expansion of
ideal gases under isothermal and adiabatic conditions; Joule’s
experiment and its consequence.

Thermochemistry: Standard states; Heats of reaction, solution, combustion, formation of

molecules, neutralization; Laws of thermochemistry; bond
energy, bond dissociation energy and resonance energy from thermochemical data,
Kirchhoff’s equations.

Second Law: Statement of the second law of thermodynamics;

Concept of heat reservoirs and heat engines; Carnot cycle; Physical concept of Entropy;
Carnot engine and refrigerator; Kelvin – Planck and Clausius statements and equivalence
of the two statements with entropic formulation; Carnot's theorem; Values of and
Clausius inequality; Entropy change of systems and surroundings for various processes
and transformations; Entropy and unavailable work.

CEMDSC303P Practical Credits: 02

(60 Lectures/Contact hours) Marks: 50

1. Estimation of concentration of Inorganic compounds

A. Estimation of Fe(II) using K2Cr2O7 solution
B. Estimation of Fe(II) using standardized KMnO4 solution
C. Estimation of Fe(III) using K2Cr2O7 solution.
D. Iodometric estimation of Cu2+

13
2. Organic
Separation of the components of a binary mixture of solid organic compounds exploiting the
principle of difference in solubility. Purification of any one of the separated components by
crystallization and determination of its melting point. The binary mixture should consist of
one acidic and one neutral compound and/or one basic and one neutral compound.

Determination of boiling point of a pure, liquid organic compound. (boiling point should be
within 150oC).

3. Physical Experiment

A: Determination of heat of neutralization of a strong acid (HCl) by a strong base (NaOH).

B: Determination of heat of neutralization of a weak acid (AcOH) by a strong base (NaOH).
C: Determination of heat of solution of Benzoic acid in water

SEMESTER-IV

CEMDSC404T INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1 Credits: 03

Theory Marks: 50

All Units carry equal marks

Unit I: Radioactivity
Natural radioactivity, Radioactive decay law, half-life, average life, Soddy Fajan's Group
displacement law, Radioactive equilibrium, Nuclear stability and nuclear binding energy.
Nuclear forces: meson exchange theory. Nuclear models (elementary idea): Concept of nuclear
quantum number, magic numbers, Nuclear Reactions, Artificial radioactivity, transmutation of
elements, fission, fusion and spallation. Nuclear energy and power generation. Separation and
uses of isotopes. Radiochemical methods: principles of determination of age of rocks and
minerals, radio carbon dating, hazards of radiation and safety measures.

14
Unit II: Chemical Bonding-I
Ionic bond: General characteristics, types of ions, size effects, radius ratio rule and its
application and limitations. Packing of ions in crystals. Born-Landé equation with derivation and
importance of Kapustinskii expression for lattice energy. Madelung constant, Born-Haber cycle
and its application, Solvation energy. Defects in solids (elementary idea). Solubility energetics of
dissolution process
Weak Chemical Forces: van der Waals forces, ion-dipole forces, dipole-dipole interactions,
induced dipole interactions, Instantaneous dipole-induced dipole interactions. Repulsive forces,
Intermolecular forces: Hydrogen bonding (theories of hydrogen bonding, valence bond
treatment), receptor-guest interactions, Halogen bonds. Effects of chemical force, melting and
boiling points.

Unit III: Chemical bonding II

Chemical Bonding-II: Covalent bond: Polarizing power and polarizability, ionic potential,
Fajan’s rules. Lewis structures, formal charge. Valence Bond Theory. The hydrogen molecule
(Heitler-London approach), directional character of covalent bonds, hybridizations, equivalent
and non-equivalent hybrid orbitals, Bent’s rule, Dipole moments, VSEPR theory, shapes of
molecules and ions containing lone pairs and bond pairs (examples from main groups chemistry)
and multiple bonding (σ and π bond approach).

Shapes of f-orbitals, Ground state Term symbols of atoms and ions for atomic number up to 30.

Unit IV: Chemical Bonding-III

Molecular orbital theory: Concept of bonding (The approximations of the theory, Linear
combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO)) (elementary pictorial approach): sigma and pi- bonds
and delta interaction, multiple bonding. Orbital designations: gerade, ungerade, HOMO,
LUMO. Orbital mixing. MO diagrams of H2, Li2, Be2, B2, C2, N2, O2, F2, and their ions
wherever possible; Heteronuclear molecular orbitals: CO, NO, NO+, CN-, HF, BeH2, CO2 and
H2O. Bond properties: bond orders, bond lengths.

Metallic Bond: Qualitative idea of valence bond and band theories. Semiconductors and
insulators, defects in solids

15
CEMDSC404P Practical Credits: 02
(60 Lectures/Contact hours) Marks: 50

1. Estimation of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in a given mixture using [Link].

2. Estimation of Fe(III) and Mn(II) in a mixture using standardized KMnO4 Solution and
sodium bismuthate as oxidant
3. Estimation of Fe(III) and Cu(II)in a mixture using K2Cr2O7.
4. Estimation of Fe(III)and Cr2O72-in a mixture using K2Cr2O7.
5. Estimation of Cu(II) in brass.
6. Estimation of Fe2O3 in cement by using KMnO4
7. Estimation (Gravimetry) of Ni(II) using dimethylglyoxime (DMG)
8. Estimation (Gravimetry) of Chloride
9. Estimation (Gravimetry) of Sulphate

16
CEMDSC405T ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1 Credits: 03

Theory Marks: 50

All Units carry equal marks

Unit-1: Stereochemistry II
Chirality arising out of stereo-axis: Stereoisomerism of substituted cumulenes with even
and odd number of double bonds; chiral axis in allenes, spiro compounds,
alkylidene cycloalkanes and biphenyls; related configurational descriptors (Ra/Sa and
P/M); atropisomerism; racemisation of chiral biphenyls; buttressing effect.

Concept of prostereoisomerism: pro-stereogenic centre; concept of (pro)-n-chirality:

topicity of ligands and faces (elementary idea); pro-R/pro-S, pro-E/pro-Zand Re/Si
descriptors; pro-R and pro-S descriptors of ligands on pro-pseudo-asymmetric centre.

Racemic compounds, racemization (through cationic, anionic, radical intermediates and

through reversible formation of stable achiral intermediates); resolution of acids, bases
and alcohols via diastereomeric salt formation; diastereomeric excess; optical purity and
enantiomeric excess.

Unit-2: Chemistry of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes

Synthesis using the reactions viz. Wurtz reaction, Kolbe electrolysis, Corey-House synthesis,
Decarboxylation, Hydrogenation. Chemical properties and reactions: Cracking or pyrolysis,
Halogenation, Isomerization.

Synthesis using the reactions and methods viz. Dehydrohalogenation, Dehydration,

Dehalogenation, Pyrolysis (ammonium hydroxides, acetates, xanthates), Wittig reaction, Cope
elimination. Properties and Reactions of alkenes: Addition to ‘C=C’ bond: Mechanism (with
evidence wherever applicable), Reactivity, Regioselectivity (Markownikoff and anti-
Markownikoff additions) and Stereo selectivity. Hydrogenation, Halogenations,
Iodolactonisation, Hydrohalogenation, Hydration, Oxymercuration-demercuration,
Hydroboration-oxidation, Epoxidation, syn- and anti- hydroxylation, Ozonolysis, Carbene
addition(singlet and triplet carbenes), Simmons-Smith reaction, Electrophilic addition to diene
(conjugated dienes and allene), Radical addition of HX; Mechanism of allylic and benzylic
bromination in competition with brominations across C=C; use of NBS; Birch reduction of
benzenoid aromatics; Interconversion of E - and Z - alkenes; contra-thermodynamic
isomerization of internal alkenes.

Synthesis of alkynes: using vic- & gem- dihalides. Acidity of terminal alkynes, Formation and

17
reaction of acetylides. Addition to C≡C (in comparison to C=C): Mechanism, Reactivity and
Selectivity. Hydrogenation, Addition of X2and HX. Hydration and Oxidation to ketones and
aldehydes (Hg 2+ catalyzed, hydroboration-oxidation). Synthesis of Vinyl derivatives (Hg(II) and
Cu(I) catalyzed reactions only). Dissolving metal reduction of alkynes (Birch reduction).

Unit-3: Aromatic Substitution Reactions and Phenols

Aromatic electrophilic substitution: Mechanism (SE2, arenium ion, energy profile, etc.) and
Evidences (Isotope effect, Isolation of intermediate); Example(s) of SE1. Orientation
and reactivity for mono-substituted benzene. Concept of orientation effect for di-substituted
benzene. Reactions: Nitration, Nitrosation, Sulfonation, Halogenation, Friedel-Crafts
reaction; one-carbon electrophiles (Reactions: chloromethylation, Gatterman-Koch,
Gatterman, Houben-Hoesch, Vilsmeier-Haack, Reimer-Tiemann, Kolbe-Schmidt); Ipso-
substitituion.

Aromatic Nucleophilic substitution: Addition-elimination mechanism (SNAr) and evidence;

SN1 mechanism; Elimination-addition mechanism: Benzyne, Evidence and Structure of
Benzyne; cine substitution.

Phenols: Synthesis (from Halobenzene, Cumene, Diazonium salt, Sulphonic acid); Acidic
character. Reactions: Ring substitution, Kolbe, Reimer-Tieman, Formation of ether and Claisen
rearrangement, Formation of ester and Fries rearrangement. Dihydric phenols: Dakin reaction,
Formation of Quinol & Quinone. Reaction of p-benzoquinone: Addition reaction, Thiele
acetylation. Quinhydrones (basic concept only).

Unit-4: Alcohols, Ethers, Carboxylic acids and their derivatives

Alcohols and Ethers: Structure and general properties of Alcohols: Boiling point, Polarity,
Solubility, [Link]: Bouveault-Blanc reduction to10, 20 alcohols, Metallic hydride
reduction (NaBH4, LAH), Industrial preparation of Methanol (from CO and H2), Concept of
Fermentation of Carbohydrates for the formation of alcohols like Ehtanol. Reaction of alcohols:
Hydrohalic acids, Oxidation to carbonyls and carboxylic acids (use of Chromic acid and/or Jones
oxidation, KMnO4, PCC, PDC). Differentiation of 10, 20 and 30 alcohols by Oxidation, Lucas test
and using heated Cu at 300 0C.

General properties of Ethers: Boiling point, Polarity, Solubility, Usability as solvents.

Synthesis and Reactions of Ethers: Synthesis from alcohols (in acidic medium, using
diazomethane), Williamson’s synthesis; Cleavage of Ethers by acids in hot and cold conditions.
Hydrolysis of enol-ethers.

Carboxylic acids and their derivatives: General methods of synthesis of carboxylic acids.
Preparation of Acyl halides, Esters, Anhydrides and Amides from Carboxylic acids. Mechanism
(with evidence): BAC2, AAC2, AAC1, AAL1 (in connection to esterification of and hydrolysis of
ester); Comparisons of reactivity and hydrolysis of Amides, Anhydrides, Acylhalides and esters.

18
CEMDSC405P Practical Credits: 02

(60 Lectures/Contact hours) Marks: 50

Qualitative Analysis of Single Solid Organic Compounds

A. Detection of special elements (N, S, Cl) by Lassaigne’s test

B. Solubility and classification (solvents: H2O, 5% HCl, 5% NaOH and 5% NaHCO3)

C. Detection of the following functional groups by systematic chemical tests: aromatic amino (-NH2),
aromatic nitro (-NO2), amido (-CONH2, including imide), anilido (ArNHCO-), phenolic –OH, carboxylic
acid (-COOH), carbonyl (-CHO and >C=O), olefinic unsaturation and ester (-COOR). Only one test for
each functional group is to be reported.

D. Determination of the melting point of the given compound.

E. Preparation, purification and determination of melting point of a crystalline derivative of the given
compound

F. Identification of the compound through literature survey.

Each student, during laboratory session, is required to carry out qualitative chemical tests for all the
special elements and the functional groups with relevant derivatization in known and unknown (at least
six) organic compounds.

Preparation of organic compounds following green methodology

a. Benzoylation of aromatic amines sans alkali.

b. Preparation of benzilic acid from benzil
c. Preparation of azomethines using mechano-chemical protocol.

19
CEMDSC406T PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 1 Credits: 03
Theory Marks: 50

All Units carry equal marks

Unit I: Chemical Thermodynamics-II

Thermodynamic relations: Auxiliary state functions (G and A)

and their variation with T, P and V. Criteria for spontaneity and equilibrium. Maxwell's relations;
Gibbs-Helmholtz equation, Joule-Thomson experiment and its consequences; inversion
temperature; Joule-Thomson coefficient for a van der Waals gas.

Partial properties and Chemical potential:

Chemical potential and activity, partial molar

quantities, relation between Chemical potential and Gibbs free energy and other
thermodynamic state functions; variation of Chemical potential (μ) with temperature and
pressure; Gibbs-Duhem equation; fugacity and fugacity coefficient; Variation of
thermodynamic functions for systems with variable composition; Equations of states for
these systems, Change in G, S, H and V during mixing for binary solutions.

Chemical potential and other properties of ideal substances- pure and mixtures: a) Pure
ideal gas-its Chemical potential and other thermodynamic functions and their changes
during a change of Thermodynamic parameters of mixing; Chemical potential of an ideal
gas in an ideal gas mixture; Concept of standard states and choice of standard states of
ideal gases.

Unit II: Chemical and Ionic Equilibrium: Degree of advancement of reaction and variation
with free energy; van't Hoff's reaction isotherm (deduction from chemical potential); Equilibrium
constant and standard Gibbs free energy change; Definitions of KP, KC and KX; van't Hoff's
reaction isobar and isochore from different standard states;
Shifting of equilibrium and value of equilibrium constant due to change in external
parameters e.g. temperature and pressure; with respect to addition of inert gas; Le Chatelier's
principle and its derivation.
Chemical potential of an ion in solution; Activity and activity coefficients
of ions in solution; Debye-Hückel limiting law (qualitative idea), Estimation of activity
coefficient for electrolytes using Debye-Hückel limiting law; Applications of the equation and its
limitations.

20
Unit III: Transport Phenomenon

Fick’s law: Flux, force, phenomenological coefficients & their inter-relationship (general
form with examples).

Viscosity: General features of fluid flow (streamline flow and turbulent flow); Newton’s
equation, viscosity coefficient; Poiseuille’s equation; Principle of determination of
viscosity coefficient of liquids using Stoke’s law (no derivation); Temperature variation of
viscosity of liquids and comparison with that of gases.

Conductance and transport number: Conductance and its measurement, cell constant, specific
conductance, equivalent conductance and molar
conductance; Variation of specific and equivalent conductance with dilution for strong
and weak electrolytes; Kohlrausch's law of independent migration of ions; Equivalent/
molar conductance at infinite dilution and their determination for strong and weak electrolytes;
Ostwald's dilution law; Ionic mobility.

Application of conductance measurement: determination of solubility product, ionic product of

water; conductometric titrations, Transport number, Hittorf’s rule (no numericals) and Moving-
boundary method.

Unit IV: Quantum Mechanics I

Beginning of Quantum Mechanics: Black-body radiation and Planck’s theory of radiation;

Light as particles: photoelectric and Compton effects; electrons as waves; Wave-particle
duality: de Broglie hypothesis, Uncertainty relations (without proof).

Wavefunction: Schrödinger time-independent equation; nature of the equation,

acceptability conditions imposed on the wave functions and probability interpretations of
wave function (Postulate-I); Orthogonal and normal functions.

21
CEMDSC406P Practical Credits: 02

(60 Lectures/Contact hours) Marks: 50

[Link] titration of a mixed/dibasic acid against strong base (NaOH).

2. Conductometric titration of a weak monobasic acid (AcOH) against a strong base (NaOH).

3. To study the kinetics of saponification reaction conductometrically.

4. Verification of Ostwald’s dilution law and determination of Ka of weak

acid.

5. Determination of solubility of sparingly soluble salt in water, in electrolyte

with common ions and in neutral electrolyte (using common indicator)

CEMDSC407T MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY Credits: 04

Theory Marks: 50

Tutorial Credit: 01 Marks: 50

All Units carry equal marks

Unit 1: NMR Spectroscopy

Introduction to nuclear spin, NMR active molecules; basic principles of

Proton Magnetic Resonance; equivalent and non-equivalent protons; chemical shift and
factors influencing it; ring current effect; significance of the terms: up-/downfield,
shielded and deshielded protons; spin coupling and coupling constant (1st order spectra);
relative intensities of first-order multiplets: Pascal’s triangle; chemical and magnetic
equivalence in NMR ; elementary idea about non-first-order splitting; anisotropic effects
in alkene, alkyne, aldehydes and aromatics; NMR peak area, integration; relative peak
positions with coupling patterns of common organic compounds (both aliphatic and
benzenoid-aromatic); rapid proton exchange; interpretation of NMR spectra of simple
compounds.

22
Unit 2: UV & IR Spectroscopy

UV- spectroscopy: Introduction; types of electronic transitions, end absorption; transition

dipole moment and allowed/forbidden transitions; chromophores and auxochromes;
Bathochromic and Hypsochromic shifts; intensity of absorptions (Hyper/Hypochromic
effects); application of Woodward’s Rules for calculation of λmax for the following
systems: conjugated diene, α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones (alicyclic,
homo-annular and hetero-annular); extended conjugated systems (dienes, aldehydes and
ketones); relative positions of λmax considering conjugative effect, steric effect, solvent
effect, effect of pH; effective chromophore concentration: keto-enol systems; benzenoid
transitions. Estimation of metal ions from aqueous
solution, geometrical isomers, keto-enol tautomers.

IR Spectroscopy: Introduction; modes of molecular vibrations (fundamental and

nonfundamental); IR active molecules; application of Hooke’s law, force constant;
fingerprint region and its significance; effect of deuteration; overtone bands; vibrational
coupling in IR; characteristic and diagnostic stretching frequencies of C-H, N-H, O-H, CO, C-N,
C-X, C=C (including skeletal vibrations of aromatic compounds), C=O, C=N,
N=O, C≡C, C≡N; Characteristic stretching frequency of metal-nitrogen, metal oxygen, metal-
sulphur bonds in simple inorganic metal complexes with organic ligands,
characteristic/diagnostic bending vibrations are included; factors
affecting stretching frequencies: effect of conjugation, electronic effects, mass effect,
bond multiplicity, ring-size, solvent effect, H-bonding on IR absorptions; application in
functional group analysis.

Unit 3: Rotational Spectroscopy

Rotation of molecules, Classification of molecules based on principal moments of inertia,

Example of prolate and oblate symmetric top molecules, Rigid rotor approximation and moment
of inertia of a rigid diatomic molecule, selection rule and intensity of spectral lines, effect of
centrifugal distortion and the spectrum of non-rigid rotor, determination of bond lengths of
diatomic molecules, effect of isotopic substitution, principle of microwave oven.

Unit 4: Vibrational & Raman Spectroscopy

Vibrational spectroscopy: Classical equation of vibration, computation of force constant,

amplitude of diatomic molecular vibrations, anharmonicity, Morse potential, dissociation
energies, fundamental frequencies, overtones, hot bands, degrees of freedom for polyatomic
molecules, modes of vibration, concept of group frequencies; Diatomic vibrating rotator, P, Q, R
branches.

23
Raman spectroscopy: Qualitative treatment of Rotational Raman effect; Effect of nuclear spin,
Vibrational Raman spectra, Stokes and anti-Stokes lines; their intensity difference, rule of mutual
exclusion.

SEMESTER-V

CEMDSC508T INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2 Credits: 03

Theory Marks: 50

All Units carry equal marks

Unit 1: Chemistry of s and p Block Elements (Group 1, 2, 13, 14 and 15)

Relative stability of different oxidation states, diagonal relationship and anomalous behavior of
first member of each group. Allotropy and catenation. Study of the following compounds with
emphasis on structure, bonding, preparation, properties and uses: Beryllium hydrides and
halides. Boric acid and borates, boron nitrides, borohydrides (diborane) and graphitic
compounds, silanes, Oxides and oxoacids of nitrogen, phosphorus. Synthesis, structural aspects
and applications of silicones and siloxanes. Borazines, silicates, aluminosilicates, zeolites and
phosphazenes.

Unit 2: Chemistry of p-Block Elements (Group 16, 17 and 18)

Relative stability of different oxidation states, diagonal relationship and anomalous behavior of
first member of each group. Allotropy and catenation. Study of the following compounds with
emphasis on structure, bonding, preparation, properties and uses: Oxides and oxoacids of
Sulphur and chlorine. Peroxoacids of sulphur, sulphur-nitrogen compounds, inter-halogen
compounds, polyhalide ions, pseudohalogens, fluorocarbons and basic properties of halogens.

Noble Gases:
Occurrence and uses, rationalization of inertness of noble gases, peculiar behavior of liquid
helium, Clathrates; preparation and properties of XeF2, XeF4 and XeF6; Nature of bonding in
noble gas compounds (Valence bond treatment and MO treatment for XeF2 and XeF4). Xenon-
oxygen compounds. Molecular shapes of noble gas compounds (VSEPR theory).

24
Unit 3: Transition Elements and M-M Bonding
General comparison of 3d, 4d and 5d elements in term of electronic configuration, oxidation
states, redox properties, coordination chemistry. Comparative study of Cu, Ag and Au and Zn,
Cd and Hg. Structure and Bonding of Dinuclear Complexes: e.g. (Re2Cl8)2- , Preliminary
concept of Crutz Taube Complex (Mixed valence complexes)

Unit 4: Coordination Chemistry-I

Coordinate bonding, double and complex salts. Werner’s theory of coordination complexes,
Classification of ligands, Ambidentate ligands, chelates, Coordination numbers, IUPAC
nomenclature of coordination complexes (up to two metal centers), Isomerism in coordination
compounds, constitutional and stereo isomerism, Geometrical and optical isomerism in
square planar and octahedral complexes.

CEMDSC508P Practical Credits: 02

(60 Lectures/Contact hours) Marks: 50

(A) Complexometric titration

1. Zn(II)
2. Ca(II)and Mg(II) in a mixture.
3. Total Hardness of water.

(B) Inorganic preparations

1. Cis and trans K[Cr(C2O4)2(H2O)2]
2. Tetraamminecarbonatocobalt(III) ion
3. Potassiumtris(oxalato)ferrate(III)
4. Tris-(ethylenediamine) nickel(II) chloride.
5. [Mn(acac)3]and Fe(acac)3] (acac= acetylacetonate)

25
CEMDSC509T ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Credits: 03
Theory Marks: 50

All Units carry equal marks

Unit-1: Carbonyl and Related Compounds

Structure, Reactivity and Preparation of carbonyl compounds; Addition to C=O:
mechanism (with evidence), reactivity, equilibrium and kinetic control; formation of hydrates,
cyanohydrins and bisulphate adduct; nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions with alcohols,
thiols and nitrogen based nucleophiles; reactions: benzoin condensation, Cannizzaro and
Tischenko reactions, reactions with ylides: Wittig and Corey-Chaykovsky reaction; Rupe
rearrangement, Oxidations and reductions: Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner, LiAlH4, NaBH4, MPV,
Oppenauer, Bouveault-Blanc, acyloin condensation, periodic acid and lead tetraacetate oxidation
of 1,2-diols.

Exploitation of acidity of α-H of C=O:formation of enols and enolates; kinetic and

thermodynamic enolates; reactions (mechanism with evidence): halogenation of carbonyl
compounds under acidic and basic conditions, Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky (H. V. Z.) reaction,
nitrosation, SeO2 (Riley) oxidation; condensations (mechanism with evidence): Aldol,
Tollen’s, Doebner condensation, Knoevenagel, Claisen-Schmidt, Claisen ester including
Dieckmann, Stobbe; Mannich reaction, Perkin reaction, specific enol equivalents (lithium
enolates, enamines, aza-enolates and silylenol ethers) in connection with alkylation, acylation
and aldol type reaction.

Nucleophilic addition to α, β-unsaturated carbonyl system: general principle and

mechanism (with evidence); direct and conjugate addition, addition of enolates (Michael
reaction). Substitution at sp2 carbon (C=O system).

Unit-2: Organometallics
Grignard reagent; Organolithiums; Gilman cuprates: Preparation and Reactions
(mechanism with evidence); addition of Grignard and organolithium to carbonyl
compounds; alkylation, substitution on -COX; directed orthometalation of arenes using
organolithiums, conjugate addition by Gilman cuprates; Corey-House synthesis;
abnormal behavior of Grignard reagents; comparison of reactivity among Grignard,
organolithiums and organocopper reagents; Reformatsky reaction; Blaise reaction;
concept of umpolungand base-nucleophile dichotomy in case of organometallic reagents.

26
Unit 3: Nitrogen compounds
Amines: Aliphatic & Aromatic: preparation, separation (Hinsberg’s method) and
identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines; reaction (with mechanism):
Eschweiler–Clarke methylation, diazo coupling reaction, Diazonium salts and their related
compounds: reactions (with mechanism) involving replacement of diazo group; reactions:
Gomberg, Meerwein, Japp-Klingermann. formation and reactions of phenylenediamines,
diazomethane and diazoacetic ester.

Nitro compounds (aliphatic and aromatic): preparation and reaction (with mechanism):
reduction under different conditions; Nef carbonyl synthesis, Henry reaction and conjugate
addition of nitroalkane anion, reaction with nitrous acid.

Alkylnitrile and isonitrile: preparation and reaction (with mechanism): Thorpe nitrile
condensation, von Richter reaction.

Unit 4: Rearrangements
Mechanism with evidence and stereochemical features for the following
Rearrangement to electron-deficient carbon: Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement, pinacol
rearrangement, dienone-phenol; Wolff rearrangement in Arndt-Eistert synthesis,
benzyl-benzilic acid rearrangement, Demjanov rearrangement, Tiffeneau–Demjanov
rearrangement.

Rearrangement to electron-deficient nitrogen: Hofmann, Curtius, Lossen, Schmidt and Eckmann.

Rearrangement to electron-deficient oxygen: Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, cumene

hydroperoxide-phenol rearrangement and Dakin reaction.

Aromatic rearrangements: Migration from oxygen to ring carbon: Fries rearrangement

and Claisen rearrangement.

Migration from nitrogen to ring carbon: Fischer Hepp rearrangement, N-azo to C-azo
rearrangement, Bamberger rearrangement, benzidine rearrangement.

Favorskii rearrangement, Piancatelli rearrangement.

27
 CEMDSC509P Practical Credits: 02
(60 Lectures/Contact hours) Marks: 50

Quantitative Estimations of organic compounds:

1. Estimation of glycine by Sörensen’s formol method

2. Estimation of glucose by titration using Fehling’s solution

3. Estimation of sucrose by titration using Fehling’s solution

4. Estimation of vitamin-C (reduced)

5. Estimation of aniline by bromination (Bromate-Bromide) method

6. Estimation of saponification value of oil/fat/ester.

TLC separation of a mixture containing:

1. 2/3 amino acids

2. 2 dyes (fluorescein and methylene blue)

CEMDSC510T PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2 Credits: 03

Theory Marks: 50

All Units carry equal marks

Unit I: Surface Phenomenon

Surface tension and energy: Surface tension, surface energy, excess pressure, capillary
rise and surface tension; Work of cohesion and adhesion, spreading of liquid over other
surface; Vapour pressure over curved surface; Temperature dependence of surface tension.

Adsorption: Physical and chemical adsorption; Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption

isotherms; multilayer adsorption and BET isotherm (no derivation required); Gibbs
adsorption isotherm and surface excess.

Colloids: Lyophobic and lyophilic sols, Origin of charge and stability of lyophobic
colloids, Coagulation and Schultz-Hardy rule, Zeta potential and Stern double layer
(qualitative idea), Tyndall effect; Electrokinetic phenomena (qualitative idea only);
Stability of colloids and zeta potential; Micelle formation.

28
Unit-II: Electrical properties

Oxidation/reduction of ions based on half-cell potentials, Chemical cells, reversible and

irreversible cells with examples;
Electromotive force of a cell and its measurement, Nernst equation; Standard electrode
(reduction) potential and its application to different kinds of half-cells. Application of
EMF measurements in determining (i) free energy, enthalpy and entropy of a cell reaction,
(ii) equilibrium constants, and (iii) pH values, using hydrogen, quinone-hydroquinone,
glass.

Concentration cells with and without transference, liquid junction potential; determination
of activity coefficients and transference numbers; Qualitative discussion of potentiometric
titrations (acid-base, redox, precipitation).

Dipole moment and polarizability: Polarizability of atoms and molecules, Clausius-Mosotti

equation and Debye equation (both without derivation) and their application.

Unit III: Quantum Chemistry II

Concept of Operators: Elementary concepts of operators, eigenfunctions and eigenvalues;

Linear operators; Commutation of operators, commutator and uncertainty relation;
Expectation value; Hermitian operator; Postulates of Quantum Mechanics.

Particle in a box: Setting up of S.E. for one-dimensional well and its solution; Comparison
with free particle eigenfunctions and eigenvalues. Properties of PB wave functions
(normalization, orthogonality, probability distribution); Expectation values of x, x2, pxand
px2and their significance in relation to the uncertainty principle; Extension of the
problem to two and three dimensions and the concept of degenerate energy levels.

Unit IV: Photochemistry

Laws of photochemistry: Grotthus-Draper law, Stark-Einstein law of photochemical equivalence,

Lambert-Beer’s law and its limitations, physical significance of absorption coefficients; quantum
yield, examples of low and high quantum yields.

Photochemical Processes: Potential energy curves (diatomic molecules), Born-Oppenheimer

approximation; Frank-Condon principle and vibrational structure of electronic spectra; Bond
dissociation and principle of determination of dissociation energy (ground state); Decay of
excited states by radiative and non-radiative paths; Pre-dissociation; Fluorescence and
phosphorescence, Jablonskii diagram.

29
Rate of Photochemical processes: Photochemical equilibrium and the differential rate of
photochemical reactions, Photostationary state; HI decomposition, photostationary states,
dimerization of anthracene.
Photosensitized reactions and chemiluminescence (only elementary idea).

CEMDSC510P Practical Credits: 02

(60 Lectures/Contact hours) Marks: 50

1. Verification of Beer’s Law for KMnO4 solution.

2. Verification of Beer’s Law for K2Cr2O7 solution.

3. Potentiometric titration of Mohr’s salt solution against standard K2Cr2O7

solution.

4. Determination of Ksp for AgCl by potentiometric titration of AgNO3

solution against standard KCl solution.

CEMDSC511T ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN CHEMISTRY Credits: 04

Theory Credits: 04 Marks: 50

Tutorial Credits: 01 Marks: 50

All Units carry equal marks

UNIT 1: Qualitative and quantitative aspects of analysis

Sampling, evaluation of analytical data, errors, accuracy and precision, methods of their
expression, normal law of distribution of in determinate errors, statistical test of data; F, Q and t
test, rejection of data, and confidence intervals.

UNIT 2: Flame Atomic Absorption and Emission Spectrometry

Basic principles of instrumentation (choice of source, monochromator, detector, choice of flame
and Burner designs). Techniques of atomization and sample introduction; Method of
background correction, sources of chemical interferences and their method of removal.
Techniques for the quantitative estimation of trace level of metal ions from water samples.

30
UNIT 3: Quantitative analysis
Basic principles of quantitative analysis by UV-Vis spectrophotometry
Estimation of metal ions from aqueous ssolution, geometrical isomers, keto-enol tautomers.
Determination of composition of metal complexes using Job’s method of continuous variation,
slope ratio and mole ratio method.

Electroanalytical methods
Classification of electroanalytical methods, basic principle of pH metric, potentiometric
And conductometric titrations. Techniques used for the determination of equivalence points.
Techniques used for the determination of pKa values.

UNIT 4: Analytical Techniques

Thermal methods of analysis: Theory of thermogravimetry (TG), basic principle of
instrumentation. Interpretation of TGA curve for example Ca-oxalate monohydrate. Techniques
for quantitative estimation of Ca and Mg from their mixture.

Electrochemical Methods: Electrochemical cell, different kinds of electrodes, Pt-electrode,

glassy-carbon electrode, membrane electrodes

Polarography: Basic principle – polarized and depolarized electrodes; diffusion currents,

Dropping mercury electrode, polarographic wave; Ilkovic equation (no derivation) and its
significance; half wave potential.

Cyclic voltammetry: Basic principles, three electrode system, reversible, quasi reversible,
irreversible cyclic voltammograms

31
 SEMESTER-VI
CEMDSC612T INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 3 Credits: 03
Theory Marks: 50

All Units carry equal marks

Unit 1: Coordination Chemistry-II

VB description and its limitations. Elementary Crystal Field Theory: splitting of dnconfigurations
in octahedral, square planar and tetrahedral fields, crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE) in
weak and strong fields; pairing energy. Spectrochemical series. Jahn-Teller distortion.
Octahedral site stabilization energy (OSSE). Structure of spinel (normal and inverted) Metal-
ligand bonding (MO concept, elementary idea), sigma-and pi-bonding in octahedral complexes
(qualitative pictorial approach) and their effects on the oxidation states of transitional
metals(examples).

Unit 2: Coordination Chemistry-III

Magnetism and Colour: Orbital and spin magnetic moments, spin only moments of dn ions
and their correlation with effective magnetic moments including orbital contribution;
quenching of magnetic moment; super exchange and anti-ferromagnetic interactions
(elementary idea with examples only); d-d transitions; L-S coupling; qualitative Orgel diagrams
for 3d1 to 3d9 ions. Racah parameter. Selection rules for electronic spectral transitions;
spectrochemical series of ligands; charge transfer spectra (elementary idea).

Unit 3: Bioinorganic Chemistry -I

Elements of life: essential and beneficial elements, major, trace and ultratrace elements. Basic
chemical reactions in the biological systems and the role of metal ions (specially Na+, K+, Mg2+,
Ca2+, Fe3+/2+, Cu2+/+, and Zn2+). Metal ion transport across biological membrane Na+/K+-ion
pump. Dioxygen molecule in life. Dioxygen management proteins: Haemoglobin, Myoglobin,
Hemocyanine and Hemerythrin.

Unit 4: Organometallic Chemistry I

Definition and classification of organometallic compounds on the basis of bond type. Concept
to hapticity of organic ligands.18-electron and 16-electron rules (pictorial MO approach).
Applications of 18-electron rule to metal carbonyls, nitrosyls, cyanides. General methods of
preparation of mono and binuclear carbonyls of 3d series. Structures of mononuclear and
binuclear carbonyls. π-acceptor behavior of CO, synergic effect and use of IR data to explain
extent of back bonding.

32
CEMDSC612P Practical Credits: 02
(60 Lectures/Contact hours) Marks: 50

Qualitative analysis of Inorganic Samples using Dry tests, Wet tests and special tests with HCl,
HNO3 and NaOH extracts. The sample should contain four radicals and must be water soluble
and/or HCl soluble.

Cation Radicals: Na+, K+, Ca+, Sr+, Ba2+, Al3+, Cr3+, Mn2+/Mn4+, Fe3+, Co2+/Co3+, Ni2+, Cu2+,
Zn2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Bi3+, As3+/As5+, Sb3+/Sb5+, NH4+, Mg2+
Anion Radicals: F-, Cl-, Br-, BrO3-, I-, IO3-, SCN-, S2-, SO42-, SO32-, NO3-, NO2-, S2O32-
(The interfering acid radicals and insoluble compounds are not included. Probable composition
not required)

CEMDSC613T ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 3 Credits: 03

Theory Marks: 50

All Units carry equal marks

Unit 1: Pericyclic reactions

Mechanism, stereochemistry, regioselectivity in case of Electrocyclic reactions: FMO approach
involving 4π- and 6π-electrons (thermal and photochemical) and corresponding cyclo-reversion
reactions.

Cycloaddition reactions: FMO approach, Diels-Alder reaction, photochemical [2+2]

cycloadditions. Substituent effects on Reactivity, Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry.
Intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction. 1,3-dpolar cycloaddition.

Sigmatropic reactions: FMO approach, sigmatropic shifts and their order; [1,3]- and [1,5]-H
shifts and [3,3]-shifts with reference to Claisen and Cope rearrangements, Oxy-Cope
rearrangement. Stereochemistry of sigmatropic rearrangement.

Unit 2: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Fullerenes

Polynuclear hydrocarbons and their derivatives: Synthetic methods including Haworth,
Bardhan-Sengupta, Bogert-Cook and other useful syntheses (with mechanistic details).
Structure(s), Stability, Canonical forms, Aromaticity of polybenzenoid hydrocarbons, Partial
fixation of double bonds, Fries rule, Clar’s rule. Reactions (with mechanism and comparison) of
Naphthalene, Anthracene, Phenanthrene and their derivatives (Electrophilic substitution
reactions, Oxidation and Reduction reactions, Bucherer reaction, Diels-Alder reaction, etc.).

33
Fullerenes: General structural features of C60 fullerene (Buckyball), aromatic-antiaromatic
nature, elementary idea of properties and [Link] about the other fullerenes.

Unit 3: Retro-synthetic Strategy in Organic Synthesis

Retrosynthetic analysis: disconnections; synthons, donor and acceptor synthons; natural
reactivity and umpolung; latent polarity in bifunctional compounds: consonant and
dissonant polarity; illogical electrophiles and nucleophiles; synthetic equivalents;
functional group interconversion and addition (FGI and FGA); C-C disconnections and
synthesis: one-group and two-group (1,2- to 1,5-dioxygenated compounds), reconnection
(1,6-dicarbonyl).

Active methylene compounds: Property and reactions in general. Preparation and synthetic
applications of some active methylene compounds like diethyl malonate, ethyl acetoacetate,
acetylacetone.

Strategy of protection-deprotection: Application of protection-deprotection chemistry for

alcohols, amines, carbonyls and acids towards the synthesis of organic molecules.

Strategy of ring synthesis: thermodynamic and kinetic factors; synthesis of large rings,
application of high dilution technique. Robinsons annulations.

Unit 4: Chemistry of Cyclic compounds

Alicyclic compounds: Relative stability of monocyclic alkanes (small, medium and large rings);
Concept of I-strain, Cyclopropane, Cyclobutane, Cyclopentane.

Conformational analysis: Cyclohexane, mono and disubstituted cyclohexane; Geometry and

Symmetry properties, Optical activity, cis-/trans- isomerism, ring inversion; Topomerisation,
Ring-size and ease of cyclisation; Conformation & Reactivity in cyclohexane system:
Consideration of steric and stereoelectronic requirements; Elimination (E2, E1), Nucleophilic
substitution (SN1, SN2, SNi, NGP), Merged substitution-elimination; Rearrangements;
Oxidation of cyclohexanol, Esterification, Saponification, Lactonisation, Epoxidation, Pyrolytic
syn elimination and fragmentation reactions.

Conformational analysis and reactions of cyclohexanone: Reduction with metal hydrides,

organometallic addition, cyanohydrins formation.

34
CEMDSC613P Practical Credits: 02
(60 Lectures/Contact hours) Marks: 50

Organic Preparations
A. The following reactions are to be performed, noting the yield of the crude product:

1. Nitration of aromatic compounds under both cold and hot conditions.

2. Condensation reactions

3. Hydrolysis of amides/imides/esters

4. Acetylation of aromatic amines

5. Side chain oxidation of aromatic compounds

6. Selective reduction of m-dinitrobenzene to m-nitroaniline

7. Bromination of anilides using green approach (Bromate-Bromide method)

Students must also calculate percentage yield, based upon isolated yield (crude) and theoretical yield.

B. Purification of the crude product is to be made by crystallisation from water/alcohol.

C. Melting point of the purified product is to be noted.

CEMDSC614T PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 3 Credits: 03

Theory Marks: 50

All Units carry equal marks

Unit I: Chemical Thermodynamics-III

Colligative properties: Vapour pressure of solution; Ideal solutions, ideally diluted

solutions and colligative properties; Raoult's law; Thermodynamic derivation using
chemical potential to derive relations between the four colligative properties [(i) relative
lowering of vapour pressure, (ii) elevation of boiling point, (iii) Depression of freezing
point, (iv) Osmotic pressure] and the amount of solute. Applications in calculating molar
masses of normal, dissociated and associated solutes in solution; Abnormal colligative
properties.

35
Phase rule: Definitions of phase, component and degrees of freedom; Phase rule and its
derivations; Definition of phase diagram; Phase diagram for water, CO2, Sulphur
First order phase transition and Clapeyron equation; Clausius-Clapeyron equation -
derivation and use; Liquid vapour equilibrium for two component systems; Phenol-water
system.

Binary solutions: Ideal solution at fixed temperature and pressure; Duhem-Margules equation;
Henry's law; Konowaloff's rule (principle of fractional distillation); Positive and negative
deviations from ideal behavior; Azeotropic solution.

Unit II: Quantum Chemistry III

Angular momentum: Commutation rules, quantization of square of total angular

momentum and z-component; Properties of angular momentum operators;
2
Eigenfunctions of LZ and LZ ; Rigid rotator model of rotation of diatomic molecule and
Schrödinger equation; Transformation to spherical polar coordinates; Separation of
variables; Spherical harmonics; Discussion of solution.

Simple Harmonic Oscillator: Setting up of the Schrodinger stationary equation, energy

expression (without derivation); Concept of Zero Point Energy and tunneling. Expression of
wave function for n = 0 and n = 1 (without derivation) and their characteristic features.

Unit III: Statistical Thermodynamics

Configuration: Macrostates, microstates and configuration; calculation of microstates with

harmonic oscillator and tossing of coins; variation of W with E; equilibrium configuration

Boltzmann distribution: Thermodynamic probability, entropy and probability, Boltzmann

distribution formula (with derivation); Applications to barometric distribution; Concept of
ensembles - canonical ensemble and grand canonical ensemble.

Partition function: Molecular partition function and thermodynamic properties (U, H, S,

CV, q, P); qtranslation, qvibration and ideal gas equation.

Third-law of thermodynamics: Nernst heat theorem, Absolute entropy, Planck’s law, Residual
entropy, Adiabatic demagnetization.

Unit IV: Solid state

Bravais Lattice and Laws of Crystallography: Laws of crystallography; Permissible symmetry

axes in crystals; Lattice, space lattice, unit cell, crystal planes, Bravais lattice.

36
Indexing of planes, Miller indices; Crystal planes: Distance between consecutive planes and void
space [cubic lattices]; Relation between molar mass and unit cell dimension for cubic system;
Bragg’s law (derivation)

Determination of crystal structure: Structure of NaCl and KCl crystals.

Specific heat of solid: Dulong–Petit’s law; Einstein’s theory – derivation from partition
function, limitations; Debye’s T3-law (no derivation) – analysis at the two extremes.

CEMDSC614P Practical Credits: 02

(60 Lectures/Contact hours) Marks: 50
Experiment 1: Study of kinetics of K2S2O8/KI reaction colorimetrically/spectrophotometrically.
Experiment 2: Determination of pKin of indicator (Bromocresol green) colorimetrically.
Experiment 3: Conductometric determination of CMC of SDS and effect of electrolytes.
Experiment 4: Study of phenol-water phase diagram.

CEMDSC615T APPLICATION ORIENTED CHEMISTRY

Theory Credits: 04 Marks: 50
Tutorial Credits: 01 Marks: 50

All Units carry equal marks

Unit1: Introduction to Green Chemistry

Introduction to Green chemistry: Need for Green Chemistry. Goals of Green Chemistry.
Limitations/Obstacles in the pursuit of the goals of Green Chemistry.

Principles of Green Chemistry and Designing a Chemical synthesis: Twelve principles of

Green Chemistry with their explanations and examples and special emphasis on the following:

Designing a Green Synthesis using these principles; Prevention of Waste/ byproducts; maximum
incorporation of the materials used in the process into the final products: Atom Economy,
calculation of atom economy of the rearrangement, addition, substitution and elimination
reactions. Prevention/minimization of hazardous/toxic products reducing toxicity. risk =
(function) hazard × exposure; waste or pollution prevention hierarchy.

37
Green solvents– supercritical fluids, water as a solvent for organic reactions, ionic
liquids, PEG, solventless processes.

Energy requirements for reactions – alternative sources of energy: use of Microwaves and
Ultrasonic energy (Basic working principle)

Selection of starting materials; avoidance of unnecessary derivatization – careful use of

blocking/protecting groups.

Examples and Use (in the context of Green Chemistry) of catalytic reagents (wherever possible)
in preference to stoichiometric reagents, Biocatalysis and Photocatalysis.

Prevention of chemical accidents designing greener processes, inherent safer design, principle of
ISD “What you don’t have cannot harm you”, greener alternative to Bhopal Gas Tragedy (safer
route to carcarbaryl) and Flixiborough accident (safer route to cyclohexanol) subdivision of ISD,
minimization, simplification, substitution, moderation and limitation.

Unit 2: Examples of Green-synthesis including some real world cases

Green Synthesis of the following compounds: Adipic acid, Catechol, Disodium iminodiacetate
(alternative to Strecker synthesis).
Microwave assisted reactions in water: Hofmann Elimination, methyl benzoate to benzoic
acid, oxidation of toluene and alcohols; microwave assisted reactions in organic solvents Diels-
Alder reaction and Decarboxylation reaction.
Ultrasound assisted reactions: Sonochemical Simmons-Smith Reaction (Ultrasonic alternative
to Iodine)

Surfactants for carbon dioxide – replacing smog producing and ozone depleting solvents with
CO2 for precision cleaning and dry cleaning of garments.

Rightfit pigment: synthetic azo-pigments to replace toxic organic and inorganic pigments.
An efficient, green synthesis of a compostable and widely applicable plastic (poly lactic acid)
made from corn.

Development of Fully Recyclable Carpet: Cradle to Cradle Carpeting

Future Trends in Green Chemistry: Oxidation reagents and catalysts; Biomimetic,

multifunctional reagents; Combinatorial green chemistry; Green chemistry in sustainable
development.

38
Unit 3: Chemistry in Daily Life

Dairy Products: Composition of milk and milk products. Analysis of fat content, minerals in
milk and butter. Estimation of added water in milk.

Food additives, adulterants and contaminants: Food preservatives like benzoates, propionates,
sorbates, disulphites. Addition of permitted and non-permitted colours and metallic salts.
Analysis of pesticide residues in food.

Structure & use of Artificial sweeteners and Flavouring Agents: Aspartame, saccharin,
dulcin, sucralose and sodium cyclamate. Vanillin, alkyl esters (fruit flavours) and monosodium
glutamate.

Chemistry of cosmetics: Chemical Ingredients used in Sun screen, Toothpaste, Hair dye,
Shampoo, Nail Polish, Talcum Powder, Perfumes.

Drugs: Pharmacological effect, drug action, synthesis and chemical structure (Aspirin,
Metronidazole, Diclofenac, Penicillin, Paracetamol)

Unit 4: Environment Related Chemistry

Air Pollution: Air pollutants, prevention and control, Green house gases, NOx, SOx and acid rain.
Ozone hole and CFC’s. Photochemical smog and PAN. Catalytic converters for mobile sources.

Hydrologic cycle, sources, criteria and standards of water quality-safe drinking water. Public
health significance and measurement of water quality parameters- (Colour, turbidity, total solids,
acidity, alkalinity, hardness, sulphate, flouride, phosphate, nitrite, nitrate, BOD and COD). Water
purification for drinking and industrial purposes.

Toxic chemicals in the environment. Detergents- pollution aspects, eutrophication. Pesticides

and insecticides-pollution aspects. Heavy metal pollution. Solid pollutants- treatment and
disposal. Treatment of industrial liquid wastes. Sewage and industrial effluent treatment.

Composition of soil – inorganic and organic components in soil-micro and macronutrients.

39
 SEMESTER-VII

CEMDSC716T ADVANCED INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1 Credits: 03

Theory Marks: 50

All Units carry equal marks

Unit 1: Bioinorganic Chemistry-II

Electron transfer proteins: Cytochromes and Ferredoxins. Hydrolytic enzymes: carbonate
bicarbonate buffering system and carbonic anhydrase and carboxyanhydraseA. Biological
nitrogen fixation, Photosynthesis: Photosystem-I and Photosystem-II. Synthetic oxygen
compound (Vaska’s compound) Toxic metal ions and their effects, chelation therapy, Pt and Au
complexes as drugs, metal dependent diseases

Unit 2: Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism

Introduction to inorganic reaction mechanisms. Substitution reactions in square planar
complexes, Trans-effect and its application in complex synthesis, theories of trans effect,
Mechanism of nucleophilic substitution in square planar complexes, Thermodynamic and
Kinetic stability, Kinetics of octahedral substitution, Ligand field effects and reaction rates,
Mechanism of substitution in octahedral complexes

Unit 3: Organometallic Chemistry II

Zeise’s salt: Preparation, structure, evidences of synergic effect. Ferrocene: Preparation and
reactions (acetylation, alkylation, metallation, Mannich Condensation). Reactions of
organometallic complexes: substitution, oxidative addition, reductive elimination and insertion
reactions with examples.

Unit 4: Organometallics and f-block elements

Catalysis by Organometallic Compounds: Study of the following industrial processes: Alkene
hydrogenation (Wilkinson’s Catalyst), Wacker Process, Synthetic gasoline (Fischer Tropsch
reaction), Ziegler-Natta catalysis for olefin polymerization.

Chemistry of f-block elements (Lanthanoids and Actinoids): General Comparison on

Electronic configuration, oxidation states, colour, spectral and magnetic properties; lanthanide
contraction, separation of lanthanides (ion-exchange method only).

40
CEMDSC716P Practical Credits: 02
(60 Lectures/Contact hours) Marks: 50

Qualitative Analysis of Inorganic Samples: The sample should contain four radicals and
interfering acid radicals and insoluble compounds are included. Probable composition should
be mentioned.

Cation Radicals: Na+, K+, Ca+, Sr+, Ba2+, Al3+, Cr3+, Mn2+/Mn4+, Fe3+, Co2+/Co3+, Ni2+, Cu2+,
Zn2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Bi3+, Sn2+/Sn4+, As3+/As5+, Sb3+/Sb5+, NH4+, Mg2+
Anion Radicals: F-, Cl-, Br-, BrO3-, I-, IO3-, SCN-, S2-, SO42-, SO32-, S2O32-, NO3-, NO2-, PO4-,
AsO43-, BO33-, CrO42-, Cr2O72-, Fe(CN)64-, Fe(CN)63-
Insoluble samples: Al2O3(ignited), Fe2O3 (ignited), Cr2O3(ignited), SnO2, SiO2, PbSO4, SrSO4,
BaSO4, CaF2

CEMDSC717T ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1 Credits: 03

Theory Marks: 50

All Units carry equal marks

Unit-1: Heterocyclic compounds

Heterocycles: 5- and 6-membered rings with one heteroatom; reactivity,
orientation and important reactions (with mechanism) of furan, pyrrole, thiophene and
pyridine; synthesis (including retrosynthetic approach and mechanistic details): pyrrole:
Knorr synthesis, Paal-Knorr synthesis, Hantzsch synthesis; furan: Paal-Knorr synthesis,
Feist-Benary synthesis and its variation; thiophenes: Paal-Knorr synthesis, Hinsberg
synthesis; pyridine: Hantzsch synthesis; benzo-fused 5- and 6-membered rings with one
heteroatom: reactivity, orientation and important reactions (with mechanistic details) of
indole, quinoline and isoquinoline; synthesis (including retrosynthetic approach and
mechanistic details): indole: Fischer, Madelung and Reissert; quinoline: Skraup, Doebner Miller,
Friedlander; isoquinoline: Bischler-Napieralski synthesis.

41
Unit-2: Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides: Aldoses up to 6 carbons; structure of D-glucose & D-fructose
(configuration & conformation); ring structure of monosaccharides (furanose and
pyranose forms): Haworth representations and non-planar conformations; anomeric effect
(including stereo-electronic explanation); mutarotation; epimerization; reactions
(mechanisms in relevant cases): Fischer glycosidation, osazone formation, bromine water
oxidation, HNO3 oxidation, selective oxidation of terminal –CH2OH of aldoses, reduction
to alditols, Lobry de Bruyn-van Ekenstein rearrangement; stepping–up (Kiliani-Fischer
method) and stepping–down (Ruff’s &Wohl’s methods) of aldoses; end-group interchange of
aldoses; acetonide (isopropylidene) and benzylidene protections; ring-size
determination; Fischer’s proof of configuration of (+)-glucose.

Disaccharides: Glycosidic linkages, concept of glycosidic bond formation by glycosyl donor-

acceptor; structure of sucrose, inversion of cane sugar.

Unit-3: Amino acids, Peptides and Proteins

Amino acids: Synthesis with mechanistic details: Strecker, Gabriel, acetamido malonic
ester, azlactone, Bücherer hydantoin synthesis, synthesis involving diketopiperazine;
isoelectric point, isoionic point, zwitterions; electrophoresis, reaction (with mechanism):
ninhydrin reaction, Dakin-West reaction; resolution of racemic amino acids.

Peptides and Proteins: Peptide linkage and its geometry; syntheses (with mechanistic details) of
peptides using N-protection & C-protection, solid-phase (Merrifield) synthesis; peptide
sequence: C-terminal (Carboxypeptidase, akabori and reduction methods) and N-
terminal(Edman, Sanger & dansyl methods) unit determination; partial hydrolysis; specific
cleavage of peptides: use of CNBr, trypsine and chymotrypsine, Structure of Proteins: Overview
of Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary structure. Example(s) and function(s) of Fibrous
protein and Globular proteins, Denaturation.

Unit-4: Bioorganic Chemistry Related to Some Biomolecules-I

Pyrimidine and Purine bases (only structure & nomenclature). Structure of Nucleic acids:
Nucleosides and Nucleotides corresponding to DNA and RNA; Other important nucleotides
(ATP, structure and representative example(s) of its function) and dinucleotide (NAD+, FAD,
NADPH, FADH2, structures and only representative example(s) of their functions). Mechanism
for acid catalyzed hydrolysis of nucleosides (both pyrimidine and purine types); Comparison of
alkaline hydrolysis of DNA and RNA. Elementary idea of double helical structure of DNA
(Watson-Crick model); Complimentary base–pairing in DNA. Brief introduction to DNA-
replication and RNA-transcription. Elementary concept of functions of mRNA, rRNA and tRNA.
Special mention of mRNA vaccine related to covid virus.

42
CEMDSC717P Practical Credits: 02

(60 Lectures/Contact hours) Marks: 50

Qualitative Analysis of Single liquid Organic Compounds

A. Detection of special elements (N, S, Cl) by Lassaigne’s test

B. Miscibility and classification (solvents: H2O, 5% HCl, 5% NaOH and 5% NaHCO3)

C. Detection of the following functional groups by systematic chemical tests: aromatic amino (-
NH2, -NHR, -NR2), aromatic nitro (-NO2), nitrile (-CN), phenolic –OH, carboxylic acid (-
COOH), carbonyl (-CHO and >C=O), and ester (-COOR). Only one test for each functional
group is to be reported.

D. Determination of the boiling point of the given compound.

E. Preparation, purification and determination of melting point of a crystalline derivative of the

given compound.

F. Identification of the compound through literature survey.

Each student, during laboratory session, is required to carry out qualitative chemical tests for all
the special elements and the functional groups with relevant derivatisation in known and
unknown (at least three) organic compounds.

Isolation of natural products:

a. Caffeine from tea leaves

b. Piperine from black pepper
c. Lycopine from tomatoes

43
 SEMESTER-VIII

CEMDSC818T ADVANCED PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 1 Credits: 03

Theory Marks: 50

All Units carry equal marks

Unit 1: Symmetry and Group Theory

Symmetry elements and operations; Classification of molecules; Group, subgroup etc., class,
character; point groups, point group symbols; representations; great orthogonality theorem and
its consequences; character table. Symmetry adapted linear combination (SALC) with illustrative
examples.

Unit 2: Electrochemistry

Ion solvent [Link] Hückel theory and its extension. Application of Debye Hückel
theory – Limiting law, Debye Hückel Onsager theory and its extension. Debye-Falkenhagen
effect, Wien effect. Gouy Chapman & Stern models.

Unit 3: Quantum Chemistry IV

Finite potential barrier problems (constant potential barrier on one side, and two sides), Quantum
Tunneling, Variation Theorem.

Qualitative treatment of hydrogen atom and hydrogen-like ions: Setting up of S.E. in

spherical polar coordinates, radial part, quantization of energy (only final energy
expression); Plots of polar parts and radial distributions; Wavefunction of one electron
atoms; Average and most probable distances of electron from nucleus; Setting up of
Schrödinger equation for many-electron atoms (He, Li).

Unit 4: Theoretical Spectroscopy

General introduction, nature of electromagnetic interaction, shapes and width of spectral lines,
intensity of spectral lines; Induced and spontaneous radiative processes, concept of Einstein A
and B coefficients, Derivation of relation between Einstein coefficients. Mathematical concept of
Transition moment integral with application to selection rules. Concept of Fourier
transformation; Stark effect on molecular rotation spectra, Breakdown of Born-Oppenheimer
approximation.

44
CEMDSC818P Practical Credits: 02

(60 Lectures/Contact hours) Marks: 50

1. pH-metric titration of acid (mono- and di-basic) against strong base

2. Verification of Onsager equation using KCl.

3. Determination of pH of unknown buffer spectrophotometrically.

4. Determination of isosbestic point of BCG indicator spectrophotometrically.

5. Determination of isoelectric point of an amino acid.

CEMDSC819T ADVANCED INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2 Credits: 03

Theory Marks: 50

All Units carry equal marks

Unit 1: General Principles of Metallurgy

Chief modes of occurrence of metals based on standard electrode potentials. Ellingham
diagrams for reduction of metal oxides using carbon and carbon monoxide as reducing agent.
Electrolytic Reduction, Hydrometallurgy. Methods of purification of metals: Kroll process,
Parting process, van Arkel-deBoerprocess and Mond’s process, Zone refining.

Unit 2: Silicate Industries

Glass: Glassy state and its properties, classification (silicate and non-silicate glasses).
Manufacture and processing of glass. Composition and properties of the following types of
glasses: Soda lime glass, lead glass, armoured glass, safety glass, borosilicate glass,
fluorosilicate, coloured glass, photosensitive glass.

Ceramics: Important clays and feldspar, ceramic, their types and manufacture. High
technology ceramics and their applications, superconducting and semiconducting oxides,
fullerenes carbon nanotubes and carbon fibre.

Cements: Classification of cement, ingredients and their role, Manufacture of cement and the
setting process, quick setting cements

45
Unit 3: Batteries and Alloys
Batteries: Primary and secondary batteries, battery components and their role, Characteristics
of Battery. Working of following batteries: Pb acid, Li-Battery, Solid state electrolyte battery.
Fuel cells, Solar cell and polymer cell.

Alloys: Classification of alloys, ferrous and non-ferrous alloys, Specific properties of elements
in alloys. Manufacture of Steel (removal of silicon decarbonization, demanganization,
desulphurization dephosphorisation) and surface treatment (Air and heat treatment, nitriding,
carburizing). Composition and properties of different types of steels.

Unit 4: Fertilizers and Explosives

Fertilizers: Different types of fertilizers. Manufacture of the following fertilizers: Urea,
ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphates; polyphosphate,
superphosphate, compound and mixed fertilizers, potassium chloride, potassium sulphate.

Chemical explosives: Origin of explosive properties in organic compounds, preparation and

explosive properties of lead azide, PETN, cyclonite (RDX). Introduction to rocket propellants.

CEMDSC819P Practical Credits: 02

(60 Lectures/Contact hours) Marks: 50

1. Available oxygen in pyrolusite

2. Available chlorine in bleaching powder
3. Estimation of Ca and Mg in Dolomite
4. Estimation of Cr and Mn in steel

Calculation of error percentage in the above experiments

Spectrophotometry

5. Measurement of 10Dq by spectrophotometric method

6. To separate a mixture of Ni2+ and Fe3+ by complexation with DMG and extracting the
Ni2+-DMG complex in chloroform, and determine its concentration by spectrophotometry.
7. Determination of λmax of [Mn(acac)3] and [Fe(acac)3] complexes.

46
CEMDSC820T ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2 Credits: 03

Theory Marks: 50

All Units carry equal marks

Unit-1: Asymmetric synthesis
Principle of asymmetric synthesis. Concept of Substrate control, Chiral reagent. Definition and
examples of ‘chiral-pool’ and ‘chiral-auxiliaries’, diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity.
Addition to ‘C=O’ and ‘C=O’ adjacent to a stereogenic centre: Burgi-Dunitz trajectory in
nucleophilic additions; Cieplak model, Felkin-Anh and Zimmermann-Traxler models,
Asymmetric aldol reaction, Reactions of enolates (α-substitution), Alkylation Epoxidation,
dihydroxylation, mono-hydroxylation. Kinetically controlled MPV reduction, CBS and Noyori
hydrogenation.

Unit-2: Natural products

Terpenoids: Natural sources, general structural features, isoprene rule, special isoprene rule.
Elementary idea of structure elucidation (by chemical and spectroscopical methods).
Introduction to mono-, di-, tri- and sesqui-terpenoids. Biosynthetic route to terpenoids. General
features, synthesis, properties and reactions of some terpenoids: Citral, Geraniol, Neral and α-
terpineol.
Alkaloids: Natural occurrence, general structural features. Familiarity with methods of
structural elucidation (chemical and spetroscopical methods). Isolation, Physiological action,
Structure elucidation, Hoffmann’s exhaustive methylation, Emde’s modification and synthesis:
Hygrine and Nicotine. Medicinal importance of Nicotine, Hygrine, Quinine, Morphine, and
Reserpine.

Unit-3: Bioorganic Chemistry Related to Some Biomolecules-II

Enzymes: Classification and characteristics of enzymes. Salient features of active site of
enzymes. Molecular recognition and Mechanism of enzyme action: Static and dynamic
recognition, Lock and Key model, Induced fit model. Examples of hydrolysis of peptides by
chymotrypsin (role of catalytic triad, oxyanion hole) in small intestine and conversion of
pyruvate to lactic acid by lactate dehydrogenase in cytoplasm. Factors regulating enzyme action:
enzyme inhibitors and their importance, phenomenon of inhibition (competitive, uncompetitive
and non-competitive inhibition including allosteric inhibition). Coenzymes and cofactors and
their role in biological reactions.

Fats and oils: Introduction to fats and oils, common fatty acids present in fats and oils.
Hydrogenation of fats and oils, Saponification value, acid value, iodine number. Reversion and
rancidity.

Chemistry of cholesterol: Basic structural aspects. Concept LDL, HDL and VLDL.

47
Unit-4: Reagents in Organic Synthesis
One electron and two electron oxidants. Oxidations with Cr (VI): Jones oxidation, Collins
oxidation PCC, PDC, PFC; DMSO based oxidations: Swern, Moffat, DMSO-SO3 complex,
DMSO-acetic anhydride, Hypervalent iodine oxidations: Dess-Martine periodinane, IBX,
Iodobenzene diacetate; Oxidations with thalium nitrate, Ag2O, RuO4, OSO4, NaIO4.

Reduction with metal-hydrides of B, Al, Sn, Si. Dissolving metal-reduction, Synthetically useful
hydrogenolysis reaction, Sm- and In-based reducing agents and enzymatic reductions.

CEMDSC820P Practical Credits: 02

(60 Lectures/Contact hours) Marks: 50

(A) Multistep organic synthesis and monitoring of the progress of reaction by thin layer
chromatography (TLC).

(B) Estimation of compounds of biological/pharmaceutical importance:

1. Aspirin
2. Paracetamol

48
CEMDSC821T ADVANCED PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2 Credits: 03
Theory Marks: 50

All Units carry equal marks

Unit 1: Introduction to Polymer Chemistry

Different schemes for classification of polymers, Polymer nomenclature, Molecular forces and
chemical bonding in polymers. Concept of Molecular weight of polymers (Mn,Mw, Mv)
Molecular weight distribution and its significance. Determination of molecular weight by end
group analysis, viscometry, light scattering and osmotic pressure methods (no derivation;
discussion with working equations). Polydispersity index.

Structure of polymer, Structure Property relationships, Concept of Glass transition temperature

(Tg) and melting temperature (Tm) and their methods of determination. Degree of crystallinity,
Morphology of crystalline polymers, Factors affecting crystalline melting point.

Criteria for synthetic polymer formation, classification of polymerization processes,

Relationships between functionality, extent of reaction and degree of polymerization.
Bifunctional systems, Poly-functional systems.

Unit 2: Kinetics and Application of Polymers

Mechanism and kinetics of step growth, radical chain growth, ionic chain (both cationic and
anionic) and coordination polymerizations, Mechanism and kinetics of copolymerization,
polymerization techniques.

Brief introduction to preparation, structure, properties and application of the following polymers:
polyolefins, polystyrene and styrene copolymers, Phenol formaldehyde resins (Bakelite,
Novalac), Conducting Polymers, [polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole].

Unit 3: Nanomaterials-1

Introduction to Nanoscience, Emergence of Nanoscience with special reference to Feynman and

Drexler, Role of particle size, Spatial and temporal scale, Exciton, Concept of confinement,
strong and weak confinement with suitable examples, Development of quantum structures, Basic
concept of quantum well, quantum wire and quantum dot. Density of states of 1D,2D& 3D
structure, surface effect.

Types of Nanomaterials: Synthesis and Uses: Nanoclusters, Solid solutions, Thin film,
Nanocomposites (Metal Oxide and Polymer based), Core Shell Nanostructure, Buckyballs,

49
Carbon nanotubes and, Zeolites minerals, Dendrimers, Micelles, Liposomes, Block Copolymers,
Porous Materials, Metal Nanocrystals, Semiconductor nanomaterials, MOF.

Unit 4: Nanomaterials-2

Properties of nanomaterials: Optical, Magnetic, Electronic and mechanical.

Synthesis using Physical Methods: Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD), Arc discharge, DC
sputtering, Ion sputtering, Ball Milling, Molecular beam epitaxy, Electro-deposition.

Chemical Methods: Metal nanocrystals by reduction, Sol- gel, Solvothermal synthesis;

Photochemical synthesis, Electrochemical synthesis, Nanocrystals of semiconductors and other
materials by arrested precipitation methods.

Self assembly and Lithography: Self assembly, Process of self assembly, colloids, Introduction
to Lithography, E-beam Lithography.

CEMDSC821P Practical Credits: 02

(60 Lectures/Contact hours) Marks: 50
Polymer synthesis

1. Polymerization of Styrene with 2,2'-Azobisisobutyronitrile in Solution

2. Preparation of Polystyrene by an Emulsion Polymerization Process
3. Redox polymerization of acrylamide
4. Preparation of nylon 66/610
5. Preparation of urea-formaldehyde resin /novolac resin.

Polymer characterization:

1. Determination of molecular weight by viscometry:

(a) Polyacrylamide-aq. NaNO2 solution
(b) Poly vinyl proplylidine (PVP) in water
2. Determination of the viscosity-average molecular weight of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) and
the fraction of “head-to-head” monomer linkages in the polymer.
3. Determination of molecular weight by end group analysis: Polyethylene glycol (PEG) (OH
group).

Nanomaterials:

1. Synthesis and study of silver nano particles.

50
Reference Books:

1. Lee J. D. Concise Inorganic Chemistry, 5th Ed., Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., 2008.
2. Douglas, B. E. and McDaniel, D. H. Concepts & Models of Inorganic Chemistry Oxford,
1970.
3. Day, M.C. and Selbin, J. Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry, ACS publications, 1962.
4. Atkins, P. Shriver & Atkins’ Inorganic Chemistry, 5th Ed., Oxford University Press (2010).
5. Cotton, F.A., Wilkinson, G. and Gaus, P. L., Basic Inorganic Chemistry 3rd Ed., Wiley India.
6. Sharpe, A. G., Inorganic Chemistry, 4th Indian Reprint (Pearson Education) 2005.
7. Huheey, J. E.; Keiter, E. A. &Keiter, R.L., Inorganic Chemistry, Principles of Structure and
Radioactivity 4th Ed., Harper Collins 1993, Pearson, 2006.
8. Atkins, P.W. & Paula, J. Physical Chemistry, Oxford Press 2006.
9. Mingos, D.M.P., Essential trends in Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford University Press (1998).
10. Winter, M. J., The Orbitron, [Link] (2002). An illustrated
gallery of atomic and molecular orbitals.
11. Burgess, J., Ions in solution: basic principles of chemical interactions, Ellis Horwood (1999).
12. Finar, I. L. Organic Chemistry (Vol- 1), 6th Edition, Pearson Education, 2002
13. Sykes, P. A guidebook to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Pearson Education, 2003.
14. Morrison, R. T. & Boyd, R. N. Organic Chemistry, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd.
(Pearson Education).
15. Nasipuri, D. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, Wiley Eastern Limited.
16. Graham Solomons, T.W. Fryhle, C. B. Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
17. Eliel, E. L. &Wilen, S. H. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, Wiley: London, 1994.
18. Clayden, J., Greeves, N. & Warren, S. Organic Chemistry, Second edition, Oxford
University Press, 2012.
19. Carey, F. A., Guiliano, R. M. Organic Chemistry, Eighth edition, McGraw Hill Education,
2012.
20. Castellan, G. W. Physical Chemistry, Narosa
21. McQuarrie, D. A. & Simons, J. D. Physical Chemistry: A Molecular Approach,Viva Press
22. Engel, T. & Reid, P. Physical Chemistry, Pearson
23. Levine, I. N. Physical Chemistry, Tata McGraw-Hill
24. Maron, S. &Prutton Physical Chemistry
25. Ball, D. W. Physical Chemistry, Thomson Press
26. Mortimer, R. G. Physical Chemistry, Elsevier
27. Laidler, K. J. Chemical Kinetics, Pearson
28. Glasstone, S. & Lewis, G.N. Elements of Physical Chemistry
29. Rakshit, P.C., Physical Chemistry Sarat Book House
30. Zemansky, M. W. &Dittman, R.H. Heat and Thermodynamics, Tata-McGrawHill
31. Rastogi, R. P. &Misra, R.R. An Introduction to Chemical Thermodynamics, Vikas
32. Klotz, I. M. & Rosenberg, R. M. Chemical Thermodynamics, Wiley
33. Bijan K. Paul, Introductory Notes on Quantum Chemistry, Global Net Publication

51
34. Material Science & Engineering – An Introduction by William D. Callister Jr.
35. Grain growth and control of microstructure and lecture in polycrystalline materials by V. Lu.
Novikov & VladimiNovikov
36. Nanoscale Materials- Liz Marzan&Kamat
37. Introduction to Nanotechnology by Charles P. Poole, Jr., Frank J. Owens
38. Handbook of nanoscience, Eng. & Technology by W. Gaddand, D. Bernner, S.L. Solnki&
G.J. Infrate (Eds), CRC press 2002
39. Nanoscience& Technology: Novel structure and phenomea by Ping Sheng (Editor)
40. Nano Engineering in Science & Technology: An introduction to the world of nano design by
Michael Rieth
41. Processing & properties of structural naonmaterials by Leon L. Shaw (editor)
42. Chemistry of nanomaterials: Synthesis, properties and applications by CNR Rao [Link]. Wiley
VCH VerlagGmbh& Co, Weinheim
43. Nanostructure and Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and Application by G. Cao, Imperial
College Press, 2004

Reference Book:

1. Mendham, J., A. I. Vogel’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis 6th Ed., Pearson, 2009
2. Practical Workbook Chemistry (Honours), UGBS, Chemistry, University of Calcutta,
2015.
3. Nad A. K., Mahapatra B. and Ghosal A. An Advanced Course in Practical Chemistry,
New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd.
4. Ghosh S., Das Sharma M., Majumder D and Manna S. Chemistry in Laboratory, Santra
Publication Pvt Ltd
5. Vogel, A. I. Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry, Part 2: Qualitative Organic
6. Analysis, CBS Publishers and Distributors.
7. Viswanathan, B., Raghavan, P.S. Practical Physical Chemistry Viva Books (2009)
8. Mendham, J., A. I. Vogel’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis 6th Ed., Pearson
9. Harris, D. C. Quantitative Chemical Analysis. 6th Ed., Freeman (2007)
10. Palit, S.R., De, S. K. Practical Physical Chemistry Science Book Agency
11. University Hand Book of Undergraduate Chemistry Experiments, edited by
12. Mukherjee, G. N., University of Calcutta
13. Levitt, B. P. edited Findlay’s Practical Physical Chemistry Longman Group Ltd.
14. Gurtu, J. N., Kapoor, R., Advanced Experimental Chemistry S. Chand & Co. Ltd.

52
 Part B
Minor Course in Chemistry for 4-year UG Programme
(Honours in subjects other than Chemistry) & 3-year
Multidisciplinary UG Programme

SEMESTER I

Paper Course ID Course Content Marks Total

Credit
CHEMISTRY 1 CEMMIN101T/ Unit-1: Inorganic Chemistry 1 Theoretical : 50 03
CEMCOR101T Unit-2: Organic Chemistry 1
Unit-3: Physical Chemistry 1
CEMMIN101P/ Practical : 50 02
CEMCOR101P

SEMESTER II

Paper Course ID Course Content Marks Total Credit

CHEMISTRY 2 CEMMIN202T/ Unit-1:Inorganic Chemistry 2 Theoretical : 03
CEMCOR202T Unit-2: Organic Chemistry 2 50
Unit-3: Physical Chemistry 2

CEMMIN202P/ Practical : 50 02
CEMCOR202P

SEMESTER III

Paper Course ID Course Content Marks Total

Credit
CHEMISTRY 3 CEMMIN303T/ Unit-1: Inorganic Chemistry 3 Theoretical: 50 03
CEMCOR303T Unit-2: Organic Chemistry 3
Unit-3: Physical Chemistry 3
CEMMIN303P/ Practical: 50 02
CEMCOR303P

53
 SEMESTER IV
Paper Course ID Course Content Marks Total Credit
CHEMISTRY 4 CEMCOR404T Unit-1: Inorganic Chemistry 4 Theoretical: 03
Unit-2: Organic Chemistry 4 50
Unit-3: Physical Chemistry 4
CEMCOR404P Practical: 50 02

SEMESTER V
Paper Course ID Course Content Marks Total Credit
CHEMISTRY 5 CEMCOR505T Unit-1: Inorganic Chemistry 5 Theoretical: 50 03
Unit-2: Organic Chemistry 5
Unit-3: Physical Chemistry 5

CEMCOR505P Practical: 50 02

SEMESTER VI
Paper Course ID Course Content Marks Total Credit
CHEMISTRY 6 CEMCOR606T Unit-1: Inorganic Chemistry 6 Theoretical: 50 03
Unit-2: Organic Chemistry 6
Unit-3: Physical Chemistry 6

CEMCOR606P Practical: 50 02

SEMESTER VII
Paper Course ID Course Content Marks Total Credit
ADVANCED CEMSMC701T Unit-1: Inorganic Chemistry 7 Theoretical: 50 03
Unit-2: Organic Chemistry 7
CHEMISTRY 1 Unit-3: Physical Chemistry 7

CEMSMC701P Practical: 50 02

54
 SEMESTER-I

CEMMIN101T/ CEMCOR101T CHEMISTRY 1

Theory (Credits: Theory-03) Marks: 50

All Units carry equal marks

Unit-1: Inorganic Chemistry1

Atomic Structure

Bohr's theory for hydrogen atom (simple mathematical treatment), atomic spectra of hydrogen
and Bohr's model, Sommerfeld's model, quantum numbers and their significance, Pauli's
exclusion principle, Hund's rule, electronic configuration of many-electron atoms, Aufbau
principle and its limitations.

Chemical Periodicity

Classification of elements on the basis of electronic configuration: general characteristics of s-,

p-, d- and f-block elements. Positions of hydrogen and noble gases. Atomic and ionic radii,
ionization potential, electron affinity, and electronegativity; periodic and group-wise variation of
above properties in respect of s- and p- block elements.

Acids and bases

Brönsted-Lowry concept, conjugate acids and bases, relative strengths of acids and bases, effects
of substituent and solvent, differentiating and levelling solvents. Lewis acid-base concept,
classification of Lewis acids and bases, Lux-Flood concept and solvent system concept. Hard
and soft acids and bases (HSAB concept), applications of HSAB process.

Unit-2: Organic Chemistry 1

Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry

Concept of hybridization, Structure and shape of organic molecules on the basis of VBT.
Electronic displacements: inductive effect, resonance and hyperconjugation; nucleophiles
electrophiles; reactive intermediates: carbocations, carbanion.

55
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

Functional group approach for the following reactions (preparations & reactions) to be studied in
context to their structures.

Alkanes (up to 5 Carbons): Preparation: catalytic hydrogenation, Wurtz reaction, Kolbe’s

synthesis, from Grignard reagent. Reactions: mechanism for free radical substitution:
halogenation.

Alkenes (up to 5 Carbons): Preparation: elimination reactions: dehydration of alcohols and

dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides; cis alkenes (partial catalytic hydrogenation) and trans
alkenes (Birch reduction). Reactions: cis-addition (alkaline KMnO4) and trans-addition
(bromine) with mechanism, addition of HX [Markownikoff’s (with mechanism) and anti-
Markownikoff’s addition], hydration, ozonolysis, oxymercuration-demercuration and
hydroboration-oxidation reaction.

Alkynes(up to 5 Carbons): Preparation: acetylene from CaC2 and conversion into higher alkynes;
by dehalogenation of tetra halides and dehydrohalogenation of vicinal dihalides. Reactions:
formation of metal acetylides, addition of bromine and alkaline KMnO4, ozonolysis and
oxidation with hot alkaline KMnO4.

Unit-3: Physical Chemistry 1

Kinetic Theory of Gas and Real gas

Concept of pressure and temperature; Collision of gas molecules; Collision diameter; Collision
number and mean free path; Frequency of binary collisions (similar and different molecules);
Rate of effusion; Nature of distribution of velocities, Maxwell’s distribution of speed and kinetic
energy; Average velocity, root mean square velocity and most probable velocity; Principle of
equipartition of energy and its application to calculate the classical limit of molar heat capacity
of gases.

Deviation of gases from ideal behaviour; compressibility factor; Boyle temperature; Andrew’s
and Amagat’s plots; van der Waals equation and its features.

Liquids

Definition of Surface tension, its dimension and principle of its determination using
stalagmometer; Viscosity of a liquid and principle of determination of coefficient of viscosity
using Ostwald viscometer; Effect of temperature on surface tension and coefficient of viscosity
of a liquid (qualitative treatment only)

56
CEMMIN101P/CEMCOR101P Practical Credits: 02
(60 Lectures/Contact hours) Marks: 50

1. Preparation of standard solution:

(a) Primary standard: K2Cr2O7 and Oxalic acid

(b) Secondary standard: KMnO4, Na2S2O3
(c) Standardization of secondary standard solution: KMnO4, Na2S2O3

2. (A) Determination of single solid and liquid compounds:

(a) Oxalic acid, Resorcinol, Glucose, Salicylic acid, Benzoic acid.

(b) Ethanol, Acetone, Aniline, Nitrobenzene, Benzaldehyde.
(B) Preparation:
(a) Green bromination of acetanilide
(b) Dibenzalacetone
3. Determination of
(a) Relative viscosity of a solution
(b) Relative surface tension of a solution

57
 SEMESTER-II

CEMMIN202T/ CEMCOR202T CHEMISTRY 2

Theory (Credits: Theory-03) Marks: 50

All Units carry equal marks

Unit-1: Inorganic Chemistry 2

Chemical bonding and molecular structure

Ionic bonding: General characteristics of ionic bonding. Energy consideration in ionic bonding,
lattice energy and solvation energy and their importance in the context of stability and solubility
of ionic compounds. Statement of Born-Lande equation for calculation of lattice energy, Born
Haber cycle and its application, polarizing power and polarizability, Fajan’s rule, ionic character
in covalent compounds, bond moment, dipole moment and percentage of ionic character.
Covalent bonding: VB Approach: Shapes of some inorganic molecules and ions on the basis of
VSEPR and hybridization with suitable examples of linear, trigonal planar, square planar,
tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal and octahedral arrangements.
Concept of resonance and resonating structures in various inorganic and organic compounds.
Redox reactions. Balancing of equations by oxidation number and ion-electron method,
oxidimetry and reductimetry.

Unit-2: Organic Chemistry 2

Stereochemistry
Different types of isomerism: geometrical and optical isomerism, concept of chirality and optical
activity (up to two carbon atoms), asymmetric carbon atom, elements of symmetry (plane and
centre), interconversion of Fischer and Newman representations, enantiomerism and
diastereomerism, mesocompounds, threo and erythro, D and L, cis and trans nomenclature, CIP
rules, R/S (upto 2 chiral carbon atoms) and E/Z nomenclature

Nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions

Nucleophilic substitutions: SN1 and SN2 reactions, Eliminations: E1 and E2 reactions
(elementary mechanistic aspects), Saytzeff and Hofmann eliminations, elimination, substitution
vs elimination.

58
Unit-3: Physical Chemistry 2

Chemical Energetics
Intensive and extensive variables, state and path functions, isolated, closed and open systems,
zeroth law of thermodynamics, concept of heat, work internal energy and statement of first law,
enthalpy, H, relation between heat capacities, calculations of q, w, U and H for the reversible,
irreversible and free expansion of gases
Standard states, Heats of reaction, enthalpy of formation of molecules and ions and enthalpy of
combustion and its applications, laws of thermochemistry, bond energy, bond dissociation
energy and resonance energy from thermochemical data, Kirchoff’s equation, and effect of
pressure on enthalpy of reactions
Statement of the second law of thermodynamics, Concept of heat reservoirs and heat engines.

CEMMIN202P/CEMCOR202P Practical Credits: 02

(60 Lectures/Contact hours) Marks: 50

1. Estimation of
(a) Fe2+ ion in Mohr’s salt (permanganometry and dichrometry)
(b) Cu2+ by iodometrically

2. Analysis of unknown organic compounds:

Detection of special elements (N, Cl), Solubility, detection of functional groups (-COOH,
-OH (phenolic), carbonyl, -ArNH2, -ArNO2)

3. Determination of solubility product of KHTa

59
 SEMESTER-III

CEMMIN303T/ CEMCOR303T CHEMISTRY 3

Theory (Credits: Theory-03) Marks: 50

All Units carry equal marks

Unit-1: Inorganic Chemistry 3

Radioactivity
Natural radioactivity, Radioactive decay law, half life, average life, Soddy Fajan's Group
displacement law, Nuclear stability and nuclear binding energy, Magic numbers, Nuclear
Reactions, Artificial radioactivity, transmutation of elements, fission, fusion and spallation
reaction.

Chemical Bonding

MO Approach: Rules for the LCAO method, bonding and antibonding MOs and their
characteristics for s-s, s-p and p-p combinations of atomic orbitals, nonbonding combination
of orbitals, MO treatment of homonuclear diatomic molecules of 1st and 2nd periods.
(including idea of s- p mixing)

Unit-2: Organic Chemistry 3

Alcohol and ethers

Properties of Alcohols: Boiling point and Solubility. Synthesis, Concept of Fermentation of
Carbohydrates for the formation of alcohols like ehtanol. Reaction of alcohols (mechanism not
required): Oxidation to carbonyls and carboxylic acids, Differentiation of 10, 20 and 30 alcohols
by Oxidation (Lucas test and using heated Cu at 300 0C), Wilkinsons’ ether synthesis.

Carbonyls
Preparation. Reactions of carbonyl compounds: Benzoin condensation, Cannizzaro, Wittig
reaction, Clemmensen reduction, Wolff-Kishner reaction. Concept of tautomerization, Formation
of enols and enolates, Alkylation, Identification of aldehyde using Tollen’s and Fehling’s
solution, Mannich reaction, Perkin reaction, Favorskii rearrangement.
Nucleophilic addition to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl system: general principle of direct and
conjugate addition, Michael addition, Robinson annulation.

60
Unit-3: Physical Chemistry 3

Chemical Kinetics

Introduction of rate law, Order and molecularity; Extent of reaction; rate constants; Rates of
First, second and nth order reactions and their Differential and integrated forms (with
derivation); Pseudo first order reactions; Determination of order of a reaction by half-life and
differential method; Opposing reactions, consecutive reactions and parallel reactions

Temperature dependence of rate constant; Arrhenius equation, energy of activation; Collision

theory; Lindemann theory of unimolecular reaction; outline of Transition State theory (classical
treatment)

CEMMIN303P/CEMCOR303P Practical Credits: 02

(60 Lectures/Contact hours) Marks: 50

1. Estimation Na2CO3-NaHCO3 mixture using anhydrous Na2CO3 as primary standard

2. Estimation of oxalate- oxalic acid mixture using KMnO4 as titrant
3. Estimation of aniline
4. Hydrolysis of benzamide to benzoic acid
5. Determination of heat of solution of Strong acid (HCl) and strong base (NaOH)
6. Determination of heat of solution of Weak acid (AcOH) and strong base (NaOH)

61
 SEMESTER-IV

CEMCOR404T CHEMISTRY 4
Theory (Credits: Theory-03) Marks: 50

All Units carry equal marks

Unit-1: Inorganic Chemistry 4

Comparative study of p-block elements:

Group trends in electronic configuration, modification of pure elements, common oxidation
states, inert pair effect, and their important compounds in respect of the following groups of
elements:
i) B-Al-Ga-InTl
ii) C-Si-Ge-Sn-Pb
iii) N-P-As-Sb-Bi
iv) O-S-Se-Te
v) F-Cl-Br-I

Unit-2: Organic Chemistry 4

Carboxylic acids and their derivatives: General methods of synthesis of carboxylic acids.
Preparation of Acyl halides, Esters, Anhydrides and Amides from Carboxylic acids. Hydrolysis
of esters (BAc2, AAc2 with mechanism) and amides.

Synthetic use of DEM and EAA: alkylation and preparation of simple cyclic compounds.

Nitro compounds (aliphatic and aromatic): Reduction under different conditions; Nef
carbonyl synthesis.

Amines (Aliphatic & Aromatic): preparation, separation (Hinsberg’s method) and

identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines; reaction (with mechanism):
diazotization and diazo coupling reaction, Diazonium salts and their related compounds:
reactions (with mechanism) involving replacement and retention of nitrogen;

Alkylnitrile and isonitrile: Reduction and hydrolysis

62
Unit-3: Physical Chemistry 4

Chemical Equilibrium: Thermodynamic conditions for equilibrium, degree of advancement;

Variation of free energy with degree of advancement; Equilibrium constant and standard Gibbs
free energy change; Definitions of KP, KC and KX and relation among them; van’t Hoff reaction
isotherm, isobar and isochore from different standard states; Shifting of equilibrium due to
change in external parameters e.g. temperature and pressure; variation of equilibrium constant
with addition to inert gas; Le Chatelier’s principle.

Ionic Equilibria: Strong, moderate and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, factors affecting
degree of ionization, ionization constant and ionic product of water; Ionization of weak acids
and bases, pH scale, common ion effect; Salt hydrolysis-calculation of hydrolysis constant,
degree of hydrolysis and pH for different salts; Buffer solutions; Solubility and solubility
product of sparingly soluble salts – applications of solubility product principle.

CEMCOR404P Practical Credits: 02

(60 Lectures/Contact hours) Marks: 50

1. Paper chromatographic separation of Ni2+, Co2+

2. To find the total hardness of water by EDTA titration
3. Estimation of vitamin C
4. Preparation of acetanilide from aniline
5. Determination of solubility/ solubility product of KHTa.
6. Preparation of sodium acetate/acetic acid buffer solutions.

63
 SEMESTER-V

CEMCOR505T CHEMISTRY 5
Theory (Credits: Theory-03) Marks: 50

All Units carry equal marks

Unit-1: Inorganic Chemistry 5

Coordination Chemistry
Coordinate bonding: double and complex salts. Werner’s theory of coordination complexes,
Classification of ligands, Ambidentate ligands, chelates (inner metallic complexes, 1st and 2nd
order) Coordination numbers, IUPAC nomenclature of coordination complexes (upto two metal
centers), Isomerism in coordination compounds, constitutional and stereo isomerism,
Geometrical isomerism in square planar and octahedral complexes
Elementary Crystal Field Theory: splitting of dnconfigurations in octahedral and tetrahedral
fields

Unit-2: Organic Chemistry 5

Heterocycles: 5- and 6-membered rings with one heteroatom; reactivity,

orientation and important reactions of furan, pyrrole, thiophene and
pyridine; synthesis of pyrrole: Knorr synthesis, Paal-Knorr synthesis, Hantzsch synthesis; furan:
Paal-Knorr synthesis, Feist-Benary synthesis; thiophenes: Paal-Knorr synthesis, Hinsberg
synthesis; pyridine: Hantzsch synthesis. Reactions: electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution
reactions (Vilsmeier- Haack, Friedel Crafts, Mannich, Nitration, Chichibabin).
Organometallics: Preparation and synthetic uses of Organomagnesium and organolithium
compounds: Grignard’s reagent, preparation of alcohols, carboxylic acids, aldehydes and
ketones, comparison of reactivity between GR and organolithium compounds.

64
Unit-3: Physical Chemistry 5

Conductance
Conductance, cell constant, specific conductance and molar conductance; Variation of
specific and equivalent conductance with dilution for strong and weak electrolytes;
Kohlrausch’s law of independent migration of ions; Equivalent and molar conductance at
infinite dilution and their determination for strong and weak electrolytes; Ostwald’s dilution
law. Concept of Transport number.

Electrochemistry
Reversible Chemical cells with examples; Electromotive force of a cell and its measurement.
Nernst equation; Standard electrode (reduction) potential; Electrochemical series;
Thermodynamics of a reversible cell, calculation of thermodynamic properties: G, H and S from
EMF data, liquid junction potential; pH determination using hydrogen electrode; Qualitative
discussion of potentiometric titrations. (redox, precipitation).

CEMCOR505P Practical Credits: 02

(60 Lectures/Contact hours) Marks: 50

1. Estimation of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in a given mixture using [Link].

2. Estimation of Fe(III) and Cr2O72- in a mixture using K2Cr2O7
3. Thin Layer Chromatography (mixture of amino acids)
4. Nitration of aromatic compounds (cold condition)
5. Perform the following conductometric titrations (any one):
(i) Strong acid vs. strong base
(ii) Weak acid vs. strong base
6. pH metric titration of acetic acid with sodium hydroxide.

65
 SEMESTER-VI

CEMCOR606T CHEMISTRY 6
Theory (Credits: Theory-03) Marks: 50

All Units carry equal marks

Unit-1: Inorganic Chemistry 6

Bioinorganic Chemistry
Elements of life: essential and beneficial elements, major, trace and ultratrace elements. Basic
chemical reactions in the biological systems and the role of metal ions (specially Na+, K+,
Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe3+/2+, Cu2+/+, and Zn2+) Toxic metal ions and their effects, chelation therapy,
Pt and Au complexes as drugs, metal dependent diseases

Unit-2: Organic Chemistry 6

Monosaccharides: Aldoses up to 6 carbons; structure of D-glucose & D-fructose

(configuration & conformation); ring structure of monosaccharides (furanose and
pyranose forms): mutarotation; epimerization; reactions: osazone formation, bromine-water
oxidation, HNO3 oxidation, reduction to alditols, stepping–up (Kiliani-Fischer
method) and stepping–down (Ruff’s &Wohl’s methods) of aldoses;

Disaccharides: Glycosidic linkages, structure of sucrose, inversion of cane sugar.

Amino acids: Synthesis Strecker, Gabriel, isoelectric point, isoionic point, zwitterions;
electrophoresis, reaction: ninhydrin reaction,

Peptides and Proteins: Peptide linkage and its geometry; syntheses of dipeptides using N-
protection & C-protection, hydrolysis; Fibrous protein and Globular proteins, Denaturation.

Structure of Nucleic acids: Nucleosides and Nucleotides corresponding to DNA and RNA. Base
pairing: Hydrogen bonding.

Synthesis and therapeutic uses of paracetamol, ibuprofen and aspirin

66
Unit-3: Physical Chemistry 6

Polymer classification and nomenclature, Molecular forces and chemical bonding in polymers.
Different types of Molecular weight. Distribution and its significance. Polydispersity index.
Molecular weight determination by end group analysis, viscometry, and osmotic pressure
methods.
Types of polymerization processes and kinetics. Relationships between functionality, extent of
reaction and degree of polymerization. Bi-functional and Poly-functional systems.
Introduction to Structure Property relationship

CEMCOR606P Practical Credits: 02

(60 Lectures/Contact hours) Marks: 50

Qualitative Analysis of Inorganic Samples using Dry tests, Wet tests and special tests with HCl,
HNO3 and NaOH extracts. The sample should contain three radicals and must be water soluble
and/or HCl soluble.
Cation Radicals: Na+, K+, Ca+, Sr+, Ba2+, Mn2+/Mn4+, Fe3+,, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+
Anion Radicals: Cl-, Br--, I-, S2-, SO42-, SO32-, NO3-, NO2-
(The interfering acid radicals and insoluble compounds are not included. Probable composition
not required)

Separation of two organic compounds (solid) on the basis of solubility and determination of
melting points

Preparation of urea-formaldehyde resin

Preparation of nylon 66/6

67
 SEMESTER-VII

CEMSMC701T ADVANCED CHEMISTRY 1

Theory (Credits: 03) Marks: 50

All Units carry equal marks

Unit-1: Inorganic Chemistry 7

Redox reactions
Ion-electron method of balancing equation of redox reaction. Elementary idea on standard
redox potentials with sign conventions, Nernst equation (without derivation). Influence of
complex formation, precipitation and change of pH on redox potentials; formal potential.
Feasibility of a redox titration, redox potential at the equivalence point, redox indicators.

Coordination Chemistry
Coordinate bonding: double and complex salts. Werner’s theory of coordination complexes,
Classification of ligands, Ambidentate ligands, chelates (inner metallic complexes, 1st and 2nd
order) Coordination numbers, IUPAC nomenclature of coordination complexes (upto two metal
centers), Isomerism in coordination compounds, constitutional and stereo isomerism,
Geometrical isomerism in square planar.

Unit-2: Organic Chemistry 7

Green Chemistry: Introduction to Green chemistry, Definition, Needs and Goals. Twelve
principles: Explanations with examples, Special emphasis on Prevention of waste, Maximum
incorporation of starting materials and concept of ‘Atom economy’ with suitable examples and
its calculation, Use of less hazardous chemicals, Catalysis.
Green solvents and Solvent less synthesis: Water, super critical fluids, PEG and basic ides of
ionic liquids with few examples. Introduction to solvent less synthesis.
Alternative source of energy: Basic idea of using MAOS technique and use of Ultrasound
Examples of some green synthesis in comparison with standard protocol: Synthesis of catechol,
adipic acid and disodium imino diacetate.

68
Unit-3: Physical Chemistry 7

Electrochemistry
Conductance, cell constant, specific conductance and molar conductance; Variation of
specific and equivalent conductance with dilution for strong and weak electrolytes;
Kohlrausch’s law of independent migration of ions; Equivalent and molar conductance at
infinite dilution and their determination for strong and weak electrolytes; Ostwald’s dilution
law. Concept of Transport number.

Reversible Chemical cells with examples: Electromotive force of a cell and its measurement.
Nernst equation; Standard electrode (reduction) potential; Electrochemical series;
Thermodynamics of a reversible cell, calculation of thermodynamic properties: G, H and S from
EMF data, liquid junction potential; pH determination using hydrogen electrode; Qualitative
discussion of potentiometric titrations (redox, precipitation).

CEMSMC701P Practical Credits: 02

(60 Lectures/Contact hours) Marks: 50

1. Qualitative Analysis of Inorganic Samples using Dry tests, Wet tests and special tests with
HCl, HNO3 and NaOH extracts. The sample should contain three radicals and must be
water soluble and/or HCl soluble.

Cation Radicals: Na+, K+, Ca+, Sr+, Ba2+, Mn2+/Mn4+, Fe3+,, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+
Anion Radicals: Cl-, Br--, I-, S2-, SO42-, SO32-, NO3-, NO2-
(The interfering acid radicals and insoluble compounds are not included. Probable
composition not required)

2. Preparation of benzilic acid from benzil following Green methodology

3. Hydrolysis of methyl salicylate to salicylic acid
4. Conductometric titration of Strong acid (HCl) and Strong Base (NaOH).
5. Potentiometric titrations of Mohr’s Salt with potassium dichromate in H2SO4.

69
Reference books (Theory) :

1. Poddar S. N. General and Inorganic Chemistry, Book Syndicate Pvt. Ltd.

2. Dutta R. L. & De G.S. Inorganic Chemistry (Vol I), The New Book Stall.
3. Lee, J. D. Concise Inorganic Chemistry, 5th Ed., Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., 2008.
4. Sen Gupta, S. Organic Chemistry, Oxford University Press.
5. Bahl, A. & Bahl, B.S. Advanced Organic Chemistry, S. Chand, 2010.
6. Sen Gupta, S. Basic Stereochemistry of Organic molecules, Oxford University Press.
7. Rakshit P. C. Physical Chemistry, Sarat Book House.
8. Palit S. R. Elementary Physical Chemistry, Science Book Agency.
9. Pahari, S., Physical Chemistry New Central Book Agency.
10. Chugh, K.L., Agnish, S.L. A Text Book of Physical Chemistry, Kalyani Publishers.

Reference books (Practical):

1. Mendham, J., A. I. Vogel’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis 6th Ed., Pearson, 2009
2. Practical Workbook Chemistry (Honours), UGBS, Chemistry, University of Calcutta,
2015.
3. Nad A. K., Mahapatra B. and Ghosal A. An Advanced Course in Practical Chemistry,
New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd.
4. Ghosh S., Das Sharma M., Majumder D and Manna S. Chemistry in Laboratory, Santra
Publication Pvt Ltd
5. Vogel, A. I. Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry, Part 2: Qualitative Organic
6. Analysis, CBS Publishers and Distributors.
7. Viswanathan, B., Raghavan, P.S. Practical Physical Chemistry Viva Books (2009)
8. Mendham, J., A. I. Vogel’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis 6th Ed., Pearson
9. Harris, D. C. Quantitative Chemical Analysis. 6th Ed., Freeman (2007)
10. Palit, S.R., De, S. K. Practical Physical Chemistry Science Book Agency
11. University Hand Book of Undergraduate Chemistry Experiments, edited by
12. Mukherjee, G. N., University of Calcutta
13. Levitt, B. P. edited Findlay’s Practical Physical Chemistry Longman Group Ltd.
14. Gurtu, J. N., Kapoor, R., Advanced Experimental Chemistry S. Chand & Co. Ltd.

70
 Part C

Skill Enhancement Course in Chemistry

SE-1– CEMHSE101M/CEMHSE201M/CEMHSE301M/CEMGSE301M/CEMGSE501M

BASIC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

(Credits: Theory-03)
Theory Marks: 50
Introduction
Introduction to Analytical Chemistry and its interdisciplinary nature. Concept of sampling.
Importance of accuracy, precision and sources of error in analytical measurements.
Presentation of experimental data and results from the point of view of significant figures.

Analysis of soil

Composition of soil, Concept of pH and pH measurement, Complexometric titrations,

Chelation, Chelating agents, use of indicators
1. Determination of pH of soil samples.
2. Estimation of Calcium and Magnesium ions as Calcium carbonate by complexometric
titration.

Analysis of water

Definition of pure water, sources responsible for contaminating water, water sampling methods,
water purification methods.
1. Determination of pH, acidity and alkalinity of a water sample.
2. Determination of dissolved oxygen (DO) of a water sample.

Analysis of food products

Nutritional value of foods, idea about food processing and food preservations and adulteration.

71
1. Identification of adulterants in some common food items like coffee powder, asafoetida, chilli
powder, turmeric powder, coriander powder and pulses, etc.
2. Analysis of preservatives and colouring matter.

Chromatography

Definition, general introduction on principles of chromatography, paper chromatography, TLC

etc.
1. Paper chromatographic separation of mixture of metal ion (Fe3+ and Al3+).
2. To compare paint samples by TLC method.

Ion-exchange

Column, ion-exchange chromatography etc. Determination of ionexchange capacity of anion/

cation exchange resin (using batch procedure if use of column is not feasible).

Analysis of cosmetics

Major and minor constituents and their function

1. Analysis of deodorants and antiperspirants, Al, Zn, boric acid, chloride, sulphate.
2. Determination of constituents of talcum powder: Magnesium oxide, Calcium oxide, Zinc oxide
and Calcium carbonate by complexometric titration

Suggested Applications (Any one)

1. To study the use of phenolphthalein in trap cases.

2. To analyze arson accelerants.
3. To carry out analysis of gasoline.

Suggested Instrumental demonstrations

1. Estimation of macro nutrients: Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium in soil samples by flame

photometry.
2. Spectrophotometric determination of Iron in Vitamin / Dietary Tablets.

72
3. Spectrophotometric Identification and Determination of Caffeine and Benzoic Acid in Soft
Drinks

Reference Books

1. Willard, H.H., Merritt, L.L., Dean, J. &Settoe, F.A. Instrumental Methods of Analysis, 7th Ed.
Wadsworth Publishing Company Ltd., Belmont, California, USA, 1988.
2. Skoog, D.A., Holler, F.J. & Crouch, S. Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Cengage Learning
India Edition, 2007.
3. Skoog, D.A.; West, D.M. & Holler, F.J. Analytical Chemistry: An Introduction 6th
4. Ed., Saunders College Publishing, Fort Worth, Philadelphia (1994).
5. Harris, D. C. Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 9th ed. Macmillan Education, 2016.
6. Dean, J. A. Analytical Chemistry Handbook, McGraw Hill, 2004.
7. Day, R. A. & Underwood, A. L. Quantitative Analysis, Prentice Hall of India, 1992.
8. Freifelder, D.M. Physical Biochemistry 2nd Ed., W.H. Freeman & Co., N.Y. USA (1982).
9. Cooper, T.G. The Tools of Biochemistry, John Wiley & Sons, N.Y. USA. 16 (1977).
10. Vogel, A. I. Vogel‟s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis 7th Ed., Prentice Hall, 1996.
11. Mendham, J., A. I. Vogel‟s Quantitative Chemical Analysis 6th Ed., Pearson, 2009.
12. Robinson, J.W. Undergraduate Instrumental Analysis 5th Ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York
(1995).
13. Christian, G.D. Analytical Chemistry, 6th Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2004.

73
SE-2– CEMGSE402M/CEMGSE602M

ANALYTICAL and CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

(Credits: Theory-03)
Theory: Marks: 50
Review of Concepts from Core Course

Carbohydrates: Biological importance of carbohydrates, Metabolism, Cellular currency of

energy (ATP), Glycolysis, Alcoholic and Lactic acid fermentations, Krebs cycle.
Isolation and characterization of polysachharides.
Proteins: Classification, biological importance; Primary and secondary and tertiary structures
of proteins: α-helix and β- pleated sheets, Isolation, characterization, denaturation of proteins.
Enzymes: Nomenclature, Characteristics (mention of Ribozymes), and Classification; Active
site, Mechanism of enzyme action, Stereospecificity of enzymes, Coenzymes and cofactors,
Enzyme inhibitors, Introduction to Biocatalysis: Importance in “Green Chemistry” and
Chemical Industry.
Lipids: Classification. Biological importance of triglycerides and phosphoglycerides and
cholesterol; Lipid membrane, Liposomes and their biological functions and underlying
applications.
Lipoproteins: Properties, functions and biochemical functions of steroid hormones.
Biochemistry of peptide hormones.
Structure of DNA (Watson-Crick model) and RNA, Genetic Code, Biological roles of DNA
and RNA: Replication, Transcription and Translation, Introduction to Gene therapy. Enzymes:
Nomenclature, classification, effect of pH, temperature on enzyme activity, enzyme inhibition.

Biochemistry of disease: A diagnostic approach by blood/ urine analysis.

Blood: Composition and functions of blood, blood coagulation. Blood collection and
preservation of samples. Anemia, Regulation, estimation and interpretation of data for blood
sugar, urea, creatinine, cholesterol and bilirubin.
Urine: Collection and preservation of samples. Formation of urine. Composition and
estimation of constituents of normal and pathological urine.

74
 Reference Books

1. Cooper, T.G. Tool of Biochemistry. Wiley-Blackwell (1977).

2. Wilson, K. & Walker, J. Practical Biochemistry. Cambridge University Press (2009).
3. Varley, H., Gowenlock, A.H & Bell, M.: Practical Clinical Biochemistry, Heinemann, London
(1980).
4. Devlin, T.M., Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, John Wiley & Sons, 2010.
5. Berg, J.M., Tymoczko, J.L. &Stryer, L. Biochemistry, W.H. Freeman, 2002.
6. Talwar, G.P. & Srivastava, M. Textbook of Biochemistry and Human Biology, 3rd Ed. PHI
Learning.
7. Nelson, D.L. & Cox, M.M. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, W.H. Freeman, 2013.
8. O. Mikes, R.A. Chalmers: Laboratory Handbook of Chromatographic Methods, D. Van
Nostrand & Co., 1961.

75
 Part D
Multidisciplinary Course (MDC) in Chemistry
(This course refers to the “MDC” course in Tables 1, 1A and 2 corresponding to structure
of the 4-year UG programme (Honours) and 3-year UG programme. This course can only
be selected for study by students who have not studied Chemistry at the higher secondary
level)

CEMHMD101M/CEMHMD201M/CEMHMD301M/CEMGMD401M/CEMG
MD501M/CEMGMD601M

(Credits: Theory-03) Marks: 50

BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

Importance of Chemistry, Nature of matter, States of matter, solids, liquids, gases, classification
of matter: mixture, pure substance; Properties of matter and their measurement: Mass, weight,
volume, density and temperature. Uncertainty in measurement: precision and accuracy. Laws of
chemical combinations: Law of conservation of mass, law of definite proportions, law of
multiple proportions, Avogadro’s law, Dalton’s atomic theory, Atomic and molecular masses,
Mole concept and molar mass, percentage composition, Empirical formula and molecular
formula, Stoichiometry and stoichiometric calculations, Molarity, mole fraction and molality

STRUCTURE OF ATOM

Discovery of sub-atomic particles: electrons, proton, Rutherford’s nuclear model of atom and its’
drawbacks, atomic number, mass number, Isobars and isotopes, Bohr’s model for hydrogen atom

THERMODYNAMICS

The system and the surroundings, types of systems, state of the system, heat, work, internal
energy, First law of thermodynamics.

CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM

Law of mass action, idea of chemical equilibrium, Le Chatelier’s principle, its applications

76
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Introduction to haloalkanes, Methods of preparation of haloalkanes; Introduction to alcohols,

phenols and ethers with suitable examples, their preparation (Reaction mechanisms not
required); Introduction to aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids with suitable examples, their
preparations.

ACIDS, BASES AND BUFFER

Introduction to acids and bases, Arrhenius and Lewis concepts, neutralization reactions, acid-
base titration

References

1. NCERT Class XI and XII textbooks in chemistry

2. ISC Class XI and XII textbooks in chemistry

77