© TVET CDACC
071906T4AEN
CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNICIAN LEVEL 6
CON/OS/CET/CR/11/6/A
DESIGN ONSITE SANITATION FACILITIES
July /August 2023
TVET CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT, ASSESSMENT AND CERTIFICATION
COUNCIL (TVET CDACC)
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WRITTEN ASSESSMENT
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INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE
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1. You have THREE hours to answer all the questions.
2. Marks for each question are indicated in the brackets.
3. The paper consists of TWO sections: A and B.
4. Do not write on the question paper.
5. A separate answer booklet will be provided.
This paper consists of THREE (3) printed pages
Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all pages are printed as
indicated and that no questions are missing
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© TVET CDACC
SECTION A (40 MARKS)
Answer all the questions in this section
1. Explain four general types On-site systems. (4 Marks)
2. State uses of man hole in sewage system. (4 Marks)
3. State and explain the THREE types of man holes and where they are used. (4 Marks)
4. Outline the principles of on-site systems. (4 Marks)
5. Design a cylindrical soak required to dispose of 500 liters per day in a sandy loam soil
(infiltration rate = 25 liters/m2/day: There is space for a pit of 2m diameter only.
(6 Marks)
6. Outline the factors to be considered during Septic Tank Design. (6 Marks)
7. Outline the fundamental principles of sanitation in relation to on-site sanitation.
(6 Marks)
8. Explain the step-by-step Process of how a septic tank works.
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© TVET CDACC
SECTION B (60 MARKS)
(Answer question 9 and any other two questions in this section)
9.
a. A client complains that the use of separate sewer system is very expensive in
construction. He therefore requires a combine system. As an expert of this area, use
Figure 2 to draw a combined sewer system showing the location of rain water pipe,
combined sewer disposal direction and inspection chambers. (8 Marks)
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b. You are told that the construction is taking place at site and the builder found some
difficulties in connecting waste water directly to the public main sewer and the only
solution is to use septic tank for collection of waste. Assist the contractor by
producing a longitudinal section of a septic tank at a scale of 1:20 by using the
following details:
• The internal dimension of the septic tank is 1700 mm depth, and 2000mm wide.
• The upper slab thickness is 100 mm.
• The slope of a septic tank concrete base is 1 in 20.
• Cast iron cover is 600 x 600 mm for inspection chamber and 300 x300 mm for
septic tank.
• Blok wall is 225 mm thick for septic tank and 100 mm thick forinspection
chamber.
• Drain pipe is 100 mm in diameter.
• The size of inspection chamber is 600 x 600 mm and 500 mm deep.
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© TVET CDACC
• Concrete base septic tank and inspection chamber is 100 mm thick.
• Baffle wall is 50 mm thick and 900 mm high and is raised 600 mmfrom
concrete base
• Baffle wall is located 1450mm from the inlet wall. (12 marks)
10.
a. Design a simple pit latrine for a family of 10 persons for a design life of 4 years.
GWT is 3.5 m below ground surface. After using the latrine for 1.5 years, the users
want to upgrade the latrine into an off-set pit latrine (similar to ROEC) so that the
same pit can be used repeatedly with regular desludging. Determine total life of the
pit as an off-set pit before emptying for the first cycle. (10 Marks)
b. Describe Factors Affecting Sludge Digestion. (10 Marks)
11. Design a septic tank for a family of 10 persons with a desludging interval of 6 years. The
average wastewater flow is 90 liters per capita per day. Also design the soak pit for the
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disposal of septic tank effluent. The soil is silty loam with a long-term infiltration rate of 20
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l/m2- day. (20 Marks)
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12. With the aid of a well labeled sketch explain the design consideration of VIP latrines.
(20 Marks)
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