■ Linux Command Handbook
File & Directory Management
Command Description
pwd Show current directory
ls List files/directories
cd Change directory
mkdir Create directory
rmdir Remove empty directory
touch Create empty file
cp Copy file/directory
mv Move or rename file
rm Delete file
File Viewing & Editing
Command Description
cat Show file contents
less Scroll through file
head First 10 lines of file
tail Last 10 lines of file
nano / vi Edit file
File Search & Text Processing
Command Description
find Find files by name/type
locate Quickly find files
grep Search text in files
sort Sort file contents
uniq Remove duplicate lines
wc Word/line count
User & Permission Management
Command Description
whoami Current user
id Show user & group IDs
adduser Add new user
passwd Change password
chmod Change permissions
chown Change ownership
System Monitoring & Processes
Command Description
top Show running processes
htop Better process viewer (if installed)
ps Show active processes
kill Kill process by PID
uptime Show system uptime
free Show memory usage
df Show disk usage
du Show folder size
Networking
Command Description
ifconfig / ip addr Show IP info
ping Test connectivity
curl Fetch URL
wget Download file
netstat Show network connections
ss Modern replacement for netstat
scp Secure copy between servers
ssh Remote login
Archiving & Compression
Command Description
tar Create/extract archive
gzip Compress file
gunzip Decompress file
zip Create zip file
unzip Extract zip file
Package Management
Command Description
apt Debian/Ubuntu package manager
yum / dnf RHEL/CentOS package manager
System Information
Command Description
uname -a Kernel/system info
hostname Show hostname
uptime Show running time
lsblk Show block devices
dmesg Kernel messages
Help & History
Command Description
man Manual for command
--help Quick command help
history Show command history
