01

11111

A series of hyperbolas is drawn having a

common transverse axis of length 2a. Prove
that the locus of a point P on each
hyperbola, such that its distance from the
transverse axis is equal to its distance from
an asymptote is the curve
(x 2 - y2) = 4x 2 (x2 - a2).

~ Report the question

Solution

Let the equation of hyperbola is ~2 - = 1 t_

a i..
where, 1-. is a parameter. The asymptotes of
this hyperbola arey =± ¥ . Suppose (x, , y 1)

is a point P on the hyperbola which is

equidistant from the transverse axis and an
asymptote. Then

Eqn (2) gives

2 2
2 2) =4xfr,
-- 2- a =4x 21 ( x12 - a2) by
( Y1 - x1
),
eqn (1)
Hence locus of P is (y2 - x2 ) = 4x 2(x 2 - a2 ).

02 11111

If a circle and the rectangular hyperbola

xy = c2 meet in four points '11', '12 ' ,'t 3' and ''4'
then prove that 11 12 13 '4 = 1.

~ Report the question

Solution
Equation of the rectangular hyperbola is xy
= c2 . Let P(ct, cit) be any point on it. Let the
equation of circle be, x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + k
= O Putting the coordinates of point P in
equation of circle, we get
c2 C
c2 t2 + - + 2gct + 2f - + k = O
,2 t
or c2t + 2gct3 + kt3 + 2fct + c2 = O
4

Above equation being of fourth degree in t

gives us the four parameters t, , 12. t3 and '4 of
the points of intersection .
c2
⇒ t 1 '2 '3 '4 =
2C ⇒ t1 '2 '3 '4 = 1.

03 Ill
2
Chords of the hyperbola x2 - y2 = a touch
the parabola y2 = 4ax. Prove that locus of
3
their middle point is the curve y2(x - a) = x .

~ Report the question

Solution
If (h, k) be the mid-point of the chord, then
=
its equation by T S1 is hx - ky h - k2
2
=
If it touches the parabola y2 = 4ax, then by c
k2 - h2 a.k
= aim, we get - k - = h
3 3
=
or ak2 hk2 -h or ay2 xy2 - x =
3
or y2 (x--a) = x is the required locus.
 04 Ill
Tangents are drawn from the points on a
tangent of the hyperbola x -
2
I 2
= a to the
parabola y2 = 4ax. If all the chords of contact
pass through a fixed point a, prove that the
locus of the point a for different tangents on
the hyperbola is an ellipse.

~ Report the question

Solution
2 2
Eqn. of tangent to the hyperbola x - y2 = a
is x sec0 - y tan0 = [Link] (ex, P) be
asymptote this ⇒ ex sec0 - p tan0 = a ... (1)
Eqn. of chord of contact of the parabola y2 =
4ax w.r.t. (ex, P) is yp - 2a (X + ex) = O
a + p tan 0 ) = 0
yt-',,_ - 2ax - 2a ( --'---
⇒ sec 0
2a(x + a cos0) + p(2a sin0 - y) = 0
.-. chords of contact are concurrent at a
=
fixed point given by x - a cos0, y 2a sine =
cos0 = - ~ and sin 0 = L
a 2a
2
·: cos20 + sin 0 = 1

Hence rnr +( Ja r = 1

2
locus of Q is x 2 + 'j___ = a2 which is an
ellipse. 4

05 Ill
Show that the locus of the centre of a cirde
which touches externally two given cirdes is
a hyperbola.

~ Report the question

Solution

Let S, S' be the centres and a, bare

radii of the given cirdes. P be the
centre and r be the radius of the req.
cirde : .S'P - SP= (b + r) - (a+r) = b
- a = constant Hence locus of P is a
hyperbola (by definition)
 06 1111
Normals are drawn from the point (h, k) to
the rectangular hyperbo la xy = c 2 . Through
the feet of these normal, cirdes are drawn,
prove that the locus of the centres of these
cirdes is a hyperbola. Find the centre and
the eccentricity of this hyperbola.

~ Report t he question

Solutio n
Let (ct, cit) be a point on the hyperbola.
The equation of the normal at (ct, cit) is
y - cit= f(x - ct) It passes through (h. k) ...(1)
Let t 1 • t2• t 3, 4 be the roots of this equation.
Then

L. t1 = ch ⇒ cI:t = h ...(2) 1

Also t 1t2t34 = - 1 ... (3)

⇒ cr.!.=k ...(4)
t1
If ( ct, cit) lies on the cirde x2 + v2 + 2gx +
2fy + s = 0, then c2t4 + 2gct3 + sf + 2fct + c2
= O has three roots common with those of
hyperbolaLet its roots be t 1, t2, t3, 4 '
t, + t 2 + t3+ t.' = -2g/c
c(t, + t2+ t3 + 4 ') = -2g ...(5)
Also t 1 + t2 + t3+ t.' = 1... (6)

⇒ c(.!. + _!_ + _!_ + _!_J=-2f ... (7)

t1 t2 t3 t4'
From (3) and (6), we get 4 ' = -
4
From (2) and (5), we get c(4 - 4 ') = h + 2g

and c (_!_ - _!_J= k + 2g from (4) and (7)

t4 t4'
⇒ 2ct. = h + 2g and 2c = k + 2f
t4
⇒ (h + 2g) (k + 2f) = 4e2
Hence locus of centre Hl, - f) of the cirdes
2
or ( x - ~ )(Y - ; ) =c

which is a rectangular hyperbola. Its centre

is ( ~ , ~ ) and eccentricity ✓2 .

07
1111
Find the minimum distance between the line
2
y = 2x and the hyperbo la ~ - y 2 = 1.
2

~ Report the question

Solutio n
For minimu m distance slope of tangent = 2
⇒ ~= 2 ⇒ ../[Link] e =
2
2y 2tane
. =- 1- sece 2../2 1
⇒ sme
2../2 ' =--
.fi ' tane -- .fi .
: . required distance =
2(../2 ·1)-(1)
✓1 + 22
 08 1111

If the major axis of an ellipse and the

transverse axis of a hyperbola are
coincident and these two curves intersect
orthogonally, prove that their respective foci
are coincident.

( ~Reportthequestion )

Solution
Let the equation of the ellipse be

x2 y2
~+ b2 = 1 with foci (ae, 0) a~d (- ~e, 0)
and that of the hyperbola be ~-~ with

foci (ce', 0) and (-ce·, 0).The slopes of the

tangents at the point of intersection of the

two curve (x,. y,) are ( ~- ~ J

and (~
c2 Y1
~J respectiv~y. Y,

Hence ( - ~ 2 2J(~ 2J
a Y1 c2 Y1
=-1

2 2 2 2
=> b d x~ = a c y~ .
Substituting for x~ in the equation of the
ellipse and that of the hyperbola, we get
c2y~ + _tl = 1 2 b2d2
b2d2 b2 => y' = ~ and

a2y~ _ _tl = 1 2 b2d2

b2cf1 b2 => Y1 = ~

Equating the values of f, , we get

a2 - b2 = c2 + d2 => a2 - a2(1 - e2)
= c2 + c2(e'2 - 1)=> a2e2 = c2e,2
Thus the foci are coincident.

09 1111

2
If any tangent to the curve ax + 2hxy + by2
= 1 (h2 ;c ab) makes with the coordinate axis
a triangle of constant area, then show that
the curve is a rectangular hyperbola.

( ~Report thequestion )

Solution
Let any point on the curve be (a, P), then the
equation of tangent at this point wi ll be, T =
0 is aax + hay + hpx + bpy = 1 This tangent
will cut the coordinate axis at

A(- 1
-
aa + hP
, o) and p( o. - -
1
ha + bp
) . Now it is

given that the area of the triangle OAB =

1
constant= k. so ! l(- - •-
1
2 aa + hp (ha + bp
- )1 =k

2 2 2
=> h(aa + bp ) + (ab + h )a P± *

Now, as (a, P) is on the curve,

2 2
aa + bp = 1 - 2ha p
So h(1 - 2hap) + (ab + h2) ap = ±2i<

h ± ...!_
=> a p = h2 - !b
As (a, P) represents a general point on the
curve, the curve is a rectangular hyperbola
h ± ...!_
xy=h2 - !b ·

10 1111

From any point on the hyperbola

; - ; = 1 tangents are drawn to the

a b

ellipse ~ + i_ = 1 .Prove that the chord of

a 2 b2
contact thus formed will touch the hyperbola
at the point which is the reflection of the first
point w .r.t. the x-axis. Also show that the
same thing happens if the point is on the
ellipse and tangents are drawn to the
hyperbola.

( ~Reportthequestion )

Solution

Let any point on ; - ; = 1 is P(a sece, b

a b
lane) Equation of chord of contact to the
. x2 y2 .
ellipse ~ + b2
= 1 w.r.t P 1s

x s: e + y t:n e = 1 ___ ( 1)
Reflection of P w. r.t. x-axis is P'
(a sece, - b lane)
Equation of tangent to the hyperbola at this
point is
x s:c e + y t:n e = 1 ____ (2)
.-. (1) and (2) are same hence chord of
contact touches the hyperbola at P'.
Similarly chord of contact to hyperbola w. r.t.
any point on the ellipse
x ~s e _ y s~n e = 1 ___ (3 )
Reflection of the point w. r. t. x-axis is
P'(a cose, - b sine)
Equation of tangent at P' to ellipse is
xacos e + y(- b sin e) =
1
a2 b2
x ~s e _ y s~n e = 1 ___(4 )
·: (3) and (4) are same. Hence proved.
 11 1111

P is a variable point on xy = 1 in the first

quadrant and R is a variable point on the
positive [Link] rhombus OPQR (in order)
is completed (where O is the origin), then
find the locus of point a.

~ Report the question

Solution

Since OPQR is a rhombus

OP = ✓t 2 + t; = OR ⇒ R= (✓t2 + t; , 0) and

a = (t + ✓t2 + 1!.~}et a be (a, P)

⇒ a = t + ✓t 2 + t; and

p = ! = a 2p- P3 - 2a = 0
t
2
locus of Q is x y - 2x - y
3
=o

12 1111

x2 y2
For the hyperbola
2a - 2b = 1 prove that
the focal distance of any point and the
perpendicular from the centre upon the
tangent at it meet on a cirde whose centre is
the focus and whose radius is
semitransverse axis.

~ Report the question

Solution
Let P(a seca, b tan8) be any point on the
x2 y2
hyperbola 2 - 2 = 1 Equation of tangent
a b
at P is !_ sec 8 _
a
rb tan 8 = 1
Equation of SP is, where S(ae, 0) is focus is
bsin8
y = - - - -(x + ae) ... (3)
a+ aecose
Equation of the line passing through (0, 0)

and perpendicular to (2) is y = -(~sin 8) x

Let equation (3) and (4) passes through

(h, k) ⇒k=- ( ~sin 8) h sin e = - :~

2
and cose = - { ae:~b }

Eliminating 8 from (5) and (6)

2 2 2 2
⇒ b k + ( aeh + b ) = 1
a2h2 ah
⇒ (h + ae)2 + k2 = a2
Hence locus is (x + ae)2 + y2 = a2 .
 13 1111

If nonnal chords on any two ~ints on the

rectangular hyperbola xy = c meet at R,
then show that point R does not xy = c2.

~ Report the question

Solution

Equation of normal at point ( ct, f) on

xy = c2 is xt3 - yt - ct4 + c = O ...(1)

2
Solving (1) with the xy = c , we get,
C
x = ct, - 3 .Let P(t1 ) and Q(t2) be any two
t
2
points on the hyperbola xy =c and R('3) be
the point of intersectionon xy = c2
⇒ ,3 = - 131 = - 131 ⇒ (3,, - 123) = □
1 2

⇒ (t, - 12)( t~ + 1,12 + t~) = 0 ... (2)

Equation (2) has no real solutions.
t, 12 hence R(t3 ) does not lie on xy = c2.
*

14 1111

A variable straight line of slope 4 intersects

the hyperbola xy = 1 at two points. Find the
locus of the point which divides the line
segment between these points in the ratio
1 : 2.

~ Report the question

Solution
Let the line be y = 4x + c. It meet the curve
xy = 1 at x (4x + c) = 1 => 4x 2 + ex - 1 = O
=> x, + x2 = -c/4 Also y (y - c) = 4
=> y2 - cy - 4 = 0 => y, + Y2= c
Let the point which divides the line segment
in the ratio 1 : 2 be (h, k)
2
=> x, + x2 = h => x = 3h +c/4 2
3
=> x, = -c/2 - 3h
2
Also Y, + Y2 =k :, y2 = 3k-c
3
=> y, = -3k + 2c
Now (h, k) lies on the line y = 4x + c
=> k =4h + c => c= k - 4h
=> x, = -k/2 + 2h - 3h = -h -k/2 and y,
= -3k + 2k - 8h = -k - 8h
=> (h + k/2) (k + 8h) = 1

=> hk + 8h2 + ~ + 4hk = 1

2
2 2
=> 16h + k + 10hk = 2.
Hence locus of (h, k) is
16x2 + y2 + 10xy = 2.

15 1111

Prove that the foot of perpendicular drawn

from the focus to any tangent of the
hyperbola lies on its auxiliary circle.

~ Report the question

Solution
Equation of tangent to the hyperbola
x2 y2 ~ 2m-
2- -
a2 - -b2 = 1 isy = kx +.Ja
-
- -b 2 .

A line perpendicular to it and passing

through the focus is my + x = ae.
Let (h, k) be their point of intersection.
Squaring and adding equations (1) and (2),
we get(k2 + h2) (1 + m2) = a2m2 - b2 + a2e2
= a2(m2 + 1)⇒ h2 + k2 = a2
⇒ locus of (h, k) is x2 + y2 = a2, which is the
auxiliary circle.
 16

The sides AC and AB of the hiangle ABC

x2 y2
touch the hyperbola 2 - 2 = 1. IfBC
a b
x2 y2
touches the hyperbola 2 - 2 = - 1. prove
a b
that A lies on it.

~ Report the question

Solution
Let A be the point (h, k). Then BC is the
chord of contact of A with respect to the
. x2 y2
hype1 bola - - - = 1. The equation of
a2 b2
BC is xh - yk = 1 ... .(1)
a2 b2
x2 y2
IfBC touches - - - = - 1 at
a2 b2
(a tau <I>, b sec<!>), then equation of BC is
x tan <I> _ y sec <I> = _ 1
a b
or - xtancj, + yseccj, =1
a b
or (- t:ncj, ) x- (- s~ccj, ) y = 1 ..... . (2)
Equations (1) and (2) represent the same
line.
Hence h = -a tan <I> = a tau (rr - <!>), k = -b
sec <I>= b sec(rr - <I>), which lies
x2 y2
on- - - =-1.
a2 b2

17

Find the length of that focal chord of the

h~erbola xy = c2 which touches the circle
X +I =cz.

~ Report the question

Solution
The line y = mx + c.Jm2 + 1 is a tangent to
the given circle. Since it passes tln·ough
the foucs (.fi.c , .fi.c) of the hyperbola,
✓2 c = m✓2 c + c✓m2 + 1
.....(1)
The line y = mx + 2
[Link]
+ 1 intersects the
hyperbola xy = c2 at the points given by
cz ,--,----;
- = mx +cvm 2 +1
X

or mx2 + 2
[Link]
+ 1x - c 2 = 0 .
Ifx1, x2 are the roots of this equation, then

X1 + X 2 =
-[Link] 2
+1
, X1X 2 =
-c
m
2
so that
(x1 - x2)2 = (x, + x2)2 - 4x1x2
c2 ( m2 + 1) 4c2 8c2
= +- =- (using(!)).
m2 m m
Also (y1 - y2)2 = ni2(x1 - x2)2
m 2 • 8c2
= - - - = 8C 2 m.
m
Hence the length of the focal chord
= .j(x, -X2)2 +(y, -Y2)2

=cF = c✓s(1:m2 ) = ✓32c =4✓2c

 18 Ill
A circle whose centre lies on the
x2 y2
hyperbola 2 - 2 = 1 intersects the
a b
rectangular hyperbola xy = c2 in four
points. Show that the locus of the centre
of the locus of the centroid of triangle
formed by any three points of intersection
2
is ~ - L = (3.)
a2 b2 3
.

~ Report the question

Solution
Let P(asece, btane) be the centre of the
[Link] (X1, Y1), (X2, Y2). (X3, y3) and (X-4.
y4) are the points of intersection of circle
and the rectangular hyperbola xy = c2.
S X1 + X2 + X3 + X4 a
o = sece
4 2
and Y1+ Y2+ Y3 + y 4 = ~tane .
4 2
[Using property]
Let (h, k) be the centroid of triangle
formed by ordered pairs (x1, y 1), (x2, Y2),
(XJ. y3)
⇒ 3h = x1 + x2 + X3 = 2asece - l<4
3k = y, + Y2 + y3 = 2btane - Y4
⇒ l<4 = 2asece - 3h
Y4 = 2btane - 3k.
Since (X-4, y4) also lies on the xy = c2.
⇒ (2asece - 3h) (2btane - 3k) = c2

⇒ ( h - 23a sec e)(k - ~ tane) = ( ~ J

Hence locus is

(x-
2 2
a sec e)( y - : tan e) = (
3
~J
Which is a rectangular hyperbola with

centre 2a sec e, 2b t an e) which

. hes
. on
(3 3
2
the hyperbola -x2 - -y2 = ( - ) 2
a2 b2 3

79 Ill
Prove that stun of lengths of
perpendiculars drawn from focii to any
tangent to a hyperbola is greater than or
equal to length of its minor [Link].

~ Report the question

Solution
Let S and S' be the focii and b be the
length of semi-minor axis of the
[Link] A and B be the feet of
pe1pendiculars from the focii upon any
[Link] have to prove that ·
AS+ BS'~ 2b
We know that, AS x BS' = b 2
Applying A. M ~ G . M
AS + BS' > N
2
AS + BS' ~ 2b.
 20 llJII

From a point P, tangents are drawn to the

hyperbola 2xy = a2. If the chord of contact
of these tan§ents touches the rectangular
hyperbola x -y2 = a2, prove that the locus
of Pis the conjugate hyperbola of the
second hyperbola.

~ Report the question

Solution
The equation of the chord of contact of
P(x 1, y 1) with respect to the hyperbola 2xy
=a2 is
2
Y 1X + X1Y = a ..... (1)
The line
y = mx+a✓m2 -1 ..... .(2)
is tangent to x 2 - y2 = a2 for all m For ( 1)
and (2) to be the same
~ = -Y1 = a2
1 m a✓m2 -1
i.e. m = - y1 and a= x1 ✓m 2 -1 so that
X1
2
a = x~ ( ~~ -1J= y~ - x~ .
Hence locus of (x1 , y1) is x2 - y2 =--a2
which is the conjugate hyperbola of
x2 - y2 = a2.

21 llJII

Prove that the locus of focus of family of

hyperbolas having fixed ceutre and l\vo
fLxed perpeudicular lines as its tangents is
a rectangular hyperbola, having the same
ceutre as family of hyperbola.

~ Report the question

Solution
Let the axes be two perpendicular tangents
(h, k) be the centre and two foci be
(X1 , Y1),(X2 , Y2)
⇒ X 1 + X2 = 2h .... (1)
and Y1 + Y2 =2k .... (2)
As we know the product oflength of
pe1pendicular from the foci to any tangent
is a constant.
X1X2 = Y1Y2 .... (3)
From equation (1) and (2)
X2 =(2h - X1)
Y2 =(2k - Y1) .
Putting the values in equation (3), we get
x12h - X~ = 2ky1- y~
⇒ Locus is x 2 - y 2 = 2hx - 2ky
or (x - h)2 - (y - k)2 = h2 - lc2
which is obviously the rectangular
hyperbola having (h, k) as its centre.
 22 1111

~ ·ove that the pornt (

lies on the hyperbola for all values oft

n -rn
%( t + %( t
(t ct- 0).

~ Report the question

Solution

Let x = ~(t+ 2) then 2x = t+ 2

2 t a t

( 2ax J= t2 +~ +2 ..... (l)

and let y= E.(t

2
- 2)
t
then Y = t_2
2
b t

( :J
2
= t2 + ~ -2 .. ..(2)

4x 2 4y 2
Subtracting (2) from ( l ), - b2 =4
7
x2 y2
- b = 1 which is hyperbola.
82 2

23 1111

A variable line segment cuts a constant

area from two fixed perpendicular lines.
~ ·ove that the locus of the middle pornt of
the line segment is a hyperbola.

~ Report the question

Solution
Let us take the given straight lines as the
axes of co-ordinates. Let the equation of
variable line be~ + Y = [Link] line meets
a b
the co-ordrnate axes in points A(a , 0) and
B(O, b).
The area of the triangle OAB
= ! ab = constant
2
⇒ ab = constant = 4c (say) .. ( 1)
2

If (u , 13) be the co-ordrnates of the middle

pornt AB, then ex = ~ and 13 = %... (2)

[Link] a and b from (I) and (2), we
2
get ex 13 = c Hence, locus of (ex, 13) is
2
xy = c .

24 1111

Two concentric rectangular hyperbolas are

such that the foci of one lies on the other.
Show that the angle between their axes
. 11
IS - .
6

~ Report the question

Solution

If the length of transverse axes are 2a and 2b.

s1s 2 s;s; is a parallelogram so
~~ - ~~ = ~~ - ~~ = ~~ - ~~ = ~~ - ~~
:. a= b
s;s2 - s,s2 = 2a
s,sj =a2 e2 +a2 e2 - 2a2 e2 cose
s;sj = a 2 e2 + a2 e 2 - 2a 2 e2 cos( rr - 0)
⇒ 2a = 2a( .J1 + cose - .J1 - cose)

Solving we get cos' e= ~

- 4
 25 1111

Tangents are drawn at the extremities of

the nonnal chords of the rectangular
2
hyperbola xy = c . Prove that the locus of
the points of intersection of these tangents
2 2
is (x -y2)2 + 4c xy = 0 .

( ~Report the question )

Solution
Nonna( at any point (ct, cit ) of the
hyperbola is y- cit = t2{x - ct)
If it meets the cmve at (ct,, c/t 1) , then

c ( 2 _ ! J = t2c (t 1 - t) ⇒ t 1 = - l/t
3

t, t
so that the point where the normal meets
the cmve is (-cl t 3 , -ct').
Equations of the tangents at the
extrelllities of the nollll31 chord are
y-f =-~( x - ct)
i.e. t2y + x = 2ct and t-6y +x = - 2cC3
Theselineswillintersect at
2c ( t + 1-3) 2ct3
y=~= ~

and x = 2ct -
1
=~~
2
1 1
:c~\
Elinlinating t, from these values of x and
y, we get the locus of the point of
intersection of the tangents as (x2 - y")' +
4c2 xy = O

26 1111

Point P lie on hyperbola 2xy = I . A

lliangle is constmcted by P , S and S'
(where S and S' are foci). Find the locus of
excentre opposite S (S and P lie in first
quadrant).

( ~Report the question )

Solution

Equation of directrix are x + y = ± I

Foci are S ( I, I). S' (- 1. - 1) and

{ i t. Ji 1)a= ( fii +-fid ·

b=2 v'2 , c= (fi1 + - f i d

h = ax, + bx,- CX3. k = ay, + by, - CY3

a+b- c a+b- c

h=
-(a + c) + _E_t
___ll_ _k = _ _ _2_t
- (a + c) + }i
2v'2-2 2v'2-2

h = -v12H) + 2t
2v'2-2 .. ( I)

-v'2( t + ! )+ 3.
k= 2v'2~2 t ... (2)

h+k =- t- ~ ( adding (I) and (2) )

t- !
h - k = (v'2 ~ ) (subtracting (I) and (2))
1

Eliminating t. we get

Hr=Hr +
(h + k)2 = ( v'2 - 1)2 (11 - k)2 + 4
4

(x + y) 2 = ( v'2 - I)'(x - y)2 + 4.

27 1111

If a chord of hyperbola xy = c2 is a normal

at point A, subtending an angle a at origin.

Then prove that ::~:: : ~; = 3.

( ~Report the question )

Solution

O(0 .0)
~
v i,l-u ~ h)'pl'lbob1xy ~2 h:1 n yoiut A
e,:cp·.[Link]·)

(Cjl. c .: p ) he o n hyperholn xy •.: '

normnl nr point . \ , np,n m cut the
hype11>0Lt nr po inr II (c p'. .: • p')
where p' • ~}

sk.>pi.· ofliuc 0.... ~

lWd sk.>Vt oflillc OB v'
> lai1{L AOB )

~ -~ --- OJ
1-t p p
~o" ,lope of AB p1
) llW (L OAB)
pl l / p2 p1 1

= =~~~~
:'II'""·
1 1 -

-
2p' .. <2>

~
piven / :\OIi = <t ( ·: norm:il chorli
,nhtenli ;in anjlle rt t,) rhe ,[Link])
tan r, ~ sin(({ + A) - sm(o. -A)
= tanA = -=
sin(a.+ A) - Srl(a- A)
> sin(u A) 3_
sin( u I A)
 28 1111

Two tangents to a hyperbola meet its axes

in concyclic points. Show that the locus of
their point of intersection is a rectangular
hyperbola.

~ Report the question

Solution
x2 Y2
Let hyperbola be 2 - 2 = 1, and tangents
a b
with slope m 1 and m 2 are
2
y = m 1x + .Ja m~ - b and
2
y = m2x + .Ja2m~ - b 2 respectively, their
point of intersection with axes are

.Ja2mm:2 - b2 OJ, (o, .Ja2m~ -b2 ) and

(-
l(
O
2
0, .Ja m~ - b ) as
2

point are concyclic

=:, 1,/a' m; - b ,/a' ml - b

2 2
I

- ~ -.Ja m~ - b 2 2

m1 m2
⇒ lll1lll2 = ± 1
m 1m2 = - I is rejected as points will not be
[Link], let point [Link] of
tangents be (h, k)
⇒ (k - mh)2 = a2ni2 - b ⇒ (h - a )ni2 -
2 2 2
2 2
2hkm + k + b = O
2 2
+b 2 2 2 2
⇒ m1m2 = -k- - = 1 ⇒ h - k =a + b
h - a2
2
locus is x 2 - y2 = a2 + b 2 .

29 1111

Points A( 11 ) , B( 12 ) , C( t3 ) lie on the

rectangular hyperbola xy = I and P, Q, R
are the points of intersection of tangents at
A, B, C taken in pairs. Prove that the ratio
of area of the [Link] to the area of the t.
ABC is 4t1t2t3 .
(t1 +t2)(t2 + !3 )( t3 + t1)

~ Report the question

Solution

Let A =(t,, t} 8 =(t2, t} c=(t3, t)

then p = (~ . - 2 - ), Q = ( 21,1, _2_)
t, + t, t, + t, - 1, + 1, ' 1, + 1,

R=[~ _2_)
- 1, + 1, ' 1, + 13

1,
1,
1
Area of Ii ABC =.! 1,
2 1,
1
13
1,
(1, -1,)(1, -1,)(1, -1,)
21,1, 1,
21,1, 2
t, + I, 1, + I,
21213 2
Area of Ii POR = .! 1
2 1, + I, t, + 1,
21,11 2
1, + I, 1, +I,
2(1, -1, )(1, -1, )(1, - 1,)
(1, + 1, )(1, + 1, )(t, + 1,)

·. Required ratio is
4t,t, t,
 30

Let S 1 =x2 - y2 + 2y - .fi. - 1 and S2 =4x2

+ 9y2 - 18y - 27 be such that S1 = 0 and S2
= 0 intersect in fom real points Q, R, S and
T and let P be the point (2 314, 1). Show that

PQ + PR + PS + PT = 4✓2✓ 36 +[Link]. .

( ~ Report theqoeslion )

Solution

Given curves are S1 = 0

i.e. x2 - (y - 1)2 =.fi. ...... ( ! )
and S 2 = 0 is
. x2 (y - 1)2
1.e. - +- - = 1 ...... (2)
9 4
Here S1 = 0 and S2 = 0 are rectangular
hyperbola and ellipse each with centre (0, 1).
314
P (2 . 1) is the focus of the hyperbola
and one
114
of the directrix of the hyperbola is x = Z- .
Let M be the foot ofpe1pendicular from Q on
directrix.
Hence PQ = e (QM) = e(x1 - Z-114)
(Here Q(x 1. yi) is one of the points of
intersection of the ellipse and the
hyperbola)Using symmetry of cmves we
can write
PT = e(x1 - z-1'•)
PR = PS = e(x 1 + Z- 114).
Hence PQ + PR + PS + PT
= 4ex 1 = 4 ✓ 2 x1
(e = eccentricity ofrectangular hyperbola).
Also
' 9
~.L
x~ - .fi. = 1
4
⇒ 13x: = 36 + 9✓ 2

⇒ = 36 + 9✓2 ⇒ x, = ✓36+9✓2
x: .
13 13
Hence PQ + PR + PS + PT

= 4✓2✓36 + 9✓2 .
13

31

Given the base of a triangle and the

difference of other two sides. Prove that
the locus of the centre of the circle
touching one of the side and other side and
base (both produced) is a hyperbola.

( ~Report theqoeslion)

Solution
In triangle ABC , let AB be the base.
Hence c moves on a hyperbola say

~ - t_ = 1 . A and B are (-ae, 0) and (ae,

a2 b2
0) let c be (a sec 0, b tan 0) . The centre of
the circle (h, k) isgiven by
:l~
h_-(-ae)[a(:[:~:s-8 =~)j~a:;8s::cee++1~~: ;~;ce(2ae )]
k= btan 8( 2ae )
-[ a(esec8-1 )] + a[esec e + 1) + 2ae
⇒ h = ae sec 0
⇒ k = ( b • 2aetan e)
2ae + 2a
hence locus of(h, k) is a hyperbola.

32

From any point on the hyperbola

~
(a' )
2- L 2 = 1, tangents are drawn to the
Jb ')
7
circle x- + y2 = a- . If the chord of contact
subtends a right angle at the centre of the
circle. then prove that 2a 2 ;:: (a ')2.

( ~Report theqoeslion)

Solution
Any point Pon the hyperbola is (a' sec0,
b' tan0) chord of contact of circle x 2 + y2 =
a2 from P is x (a' sec0) + y (b' tan0) = a2
Since chord of contact subtends right angle
at centre of circle (0, 0). Then by
homogenizing. equation of circle, we get,
2
2 2 2 {x (a'sec e) + y(b'tan6 )}
x +y = a . a2

Ora 2 (x 2 + y2 ) = (x( a'sec e) + y (b'tan e)J2

Since the chord subtends a right angle at
the centre (0, O) ,coefficiei1t of/ +,
coefficient ofy2 = 0 ⇒ a- - a'- sec-e + a2 -
b'2 taii20 = 0 or 2a 2
2 2 2
= a' + a' ta1i20 + b' ta1i20
= a' 2 + ta1i20 (a' 2 + b' 2 ) ⇒ 2a 2 ;:: a' 2 .
 33 1111

If the sum of the slopes ofnonnals from a

point P to the hyperbola xy = c2 is constant
"- ("- > 0) then fmd the locus of P.

~ Report the question

Solution
Equation of the normal to the rectangular

Hyperbola xy = c 2 at ( ct, T) is
3 4
ty = t x - ct + [Link] it passes through P
(h, k) , then ct4 - t 3h + tk - c = 0
h
⇒ 11 + 12 + 13 + 14 = - ;
C
L
t 1t 2 = o.
2
Clearly the slope of normal = t
so that t/ + t/ + t/ + t/ = "-
2
⇒ (t1 + t2 + t3 + t4) - 2Lt1t2 = A

⇒~
c2
- 2 x O = "- or li2 = 'J,,.c 2

⇒ x2 = c 2 'J,,. is the required locus.

34 1111

At the point of intersection of rectangular

hyperbola xy = -c 2 and parabola x2 = 4by,
tangents to the hyperbola and the parabola
make angle 0 1 and 82 respectively with the
x-axis. Prove that 2tan0 1 + tan0 2 = 0

~ Report the question

Solution
Let hyperbola xy = -c 2 and parabola x 2 =
4by cuts at a point (x1 , Y1) so that X1Y1 = -
2
c and x i2 = 4by1 . (!)
and slope of tangents to the hyperbola and
parabola at the point (x 1, y 1) are
respective!
tane1 = -y 1 and tane 2 = ~ .
X1 2b

From x/ = 4by1, we get tan0 1 = -x 1 .

4b
So that 2tan01 + tan0 2 =- ~ + ~ = 0 .
2b 2b

35 1111

A tangent is drawn at the point P ( ct, T)

to the hyperbola xy = c2 . Now from any
point upon this tangent two tangents are
drawn to the parabola y2 = 4cx. Prove that
all the chords of contact will be
concunent. Now ifP is va1ying, show that
the locus of the point of concunency is a
parabola whose axis is perpendicular to
that of the given parabola.

~ Report the question

Solution
Equation of tangent to the hyperbola at the
. P (ct, C) will. bey -
pomt C= - 1 (x - ct)
1 1 12
Let a pomt . tangent be ( a, t2c - t2
. on tins a)

Then equation of chord of contact with

respect to the parabola y2 = 4cx, will be
y(~ -~J- 2c(x + a )= O
t t2
⇒ 2c(f - x)- a (f + 2c) = 0.
It is of the form L 1 + \L2 = 0. So all the
chords of contact will be concmTent at the
point of intersection ofL1 = 0 and Li = 0
i.e. at Q (- 2ct, - 2ct 2) Now if Pis varying
i.e, tis [Link], locus ofQ, will be,
~ = t ⇒ x = - 2c ( ~ ) (eliminating

parameter t)
⇒ x2 = - 2cy. which is a parabola with
axis perpendicular to the axis of the
parabola y2 = 4cx.
 36

C is the centre of the hyperbola

x2 y2
- - - = 1. The tangent at any point P on
16 9
the hyperbola meets the straight lines
3x - 4y = 0 and 3x + 4y = 0 in the points Q
and R respectively. Show
that CQ . CR = 25 .

~ Report the question

Solution

Let the equation of tangent is

xsece _ ytane = 1
4 3

⇒ Q =( 4 3 )
sec e - tan e ' sec e - tan e

R = ( sece: tane ' sece-:tane )

⇒ [Link]

-../16+9 -../16+9 = 25 .
sec e - tan e sec e + tan e

37 1111

Find the length of the latus rectum for the

rectangular hyperbola xy = 71 .

~ Report the quest ion

Solution
Equation of hyperbola when coordinate
axes are asymptotes is xy = 71 . Now the
equation when axes are along coordinates
axis is x2 - y2 = [Link] length of the
2
latus rectum = ~) = 2ri;. .
v271

38 1111

x2 y2
Prove that the hyperbola 2 - 2 = 1 and
a b
the circle x2 + y2 = r2 cannot intersect
011hogonally.

~ Report the question

Solution
Let P ~ (r cos0, r sin0) be the point of
intersection of the circle and the
hyperbola. Now equation of tangent to the
. . xcose ysin0 1
hype1bola at P 1s - - - - - -- = - . (1)
a2 b2 r
For 01thogonal intersection (I) must pass
through the 01igin which is not possible.
Hence the given circle and hyperbola
never intersect 01thogonally.
 39

The transverse axis of a rectangular

hyperbola is 3c and the asymptotes are the
axis of coordinates. Show that the equation
3 3
of the nonnal at the point ( ; , ; ) is 4y

- 8x + 9c = 0.

~ Report the question

Solution
Equation of the rectangular hyperbola for
which the transverse axis is 3c is

xy= (2~r
9c 2
or xy= -
8
3 3
Now slope of nonnal at ( ; , ; ) is

3c/2 = 2
3c/4
So equation of the nonnal is

( y - 34c ) =2( x - 32c )

or 4y - 8x + 9c = 0.

40 11111

P and Q two points on the hyperbola x2 -

y2 = 1 such that PQ subtends an angle of
1t/4 at its centre. Find the angle between
the tangent at P and the nonnal at Q.

~ Report the question

Solution
Let the point P be (sec 0 , tan 0) and the
point Q be (sec a , tan a). ⇒ Slope of the
normal at Q = - sin a and slope of the
tangent at P = cosec 0 Let angle between
the tangent and the normal be cj> then
1 .
--+Sina . .
"' = sine . 1 s1n 0u s1n a
tan"' -_ -+- - - - ... ( 1)
_ s1n a sine - sin a
1
sine
[Link] PQ subtends an angle of 45° at the
centre
⇒ 1+sin0sina = 1 ... ( 2)
sine-sin a
From (1) and (2),
tan cl> = I
7t
Hence cj> = - .
4
 41 Ill
The normals at points P. Q, Ron a
rectangular hyperbola intersect at a point S
on the [Link] that the centre of
hyperbola is the centroid of the triangle
PQR.

~ Report the question

Solution
Let the rectangular hyperbola is
2
xy = c and S = ( cp, ~ )

and any point on it is ( ct, T).

Equation ofnonnal at ( c~ T)
= xt3 - yt - ct4 + c = 0
This normal passes tln·ough S, then
cpt 3 - -C t - ct4 + c = 0
p

⇒ C (p - t) ( t +
3
¾)= 0
3 1
⇒ t +- = 0 (asp ;t t)
p
⇒ 11 + tz + !3 = 0, t1t2 + t2t3 + t3t1
1
= 0 and t1t2t3 = - -
p

and centroid of the triangle P ( ct1, { ) , Q

( t2 , 1: ) and R ( ct3 , 1: ) is

= (o c(t1t2 + 1213 + 1311))

' 3111213
= (0. 0) = centre of hyperbola.

42 Ill
Prove that a normal to the hyperbola
x2 Y2
2 - 2 = 1 cannot be normal to its
a b
conjugate hyperbola.

~ Report the question

Solution
The normal to the given hyperbola at
(asece, btan0) is
axcose + by cote = a 2 + b2 ..... .(1)
The normal to the conjugate hyperbola at
( a tan4>, bsec <I>) is
axcot4> + bycos4> = a 2 + b2 .... ..(2)
(1) and (2) represent the same line if
cos 0 = cot <I> and cos <I> = cot 0 so that
sece = tan4> and
(2) sec 4> = tane
2 2 2
: : j tan <I> = sec e = 1+tan2 e = 1+ sec <I> : : j 2 = o

which is not possible.

 43 1111

A tangent is drawn at a point P on the

hyperbola ~ - ; = I , cutting x-axis and

a b
y-axis at Q and R respectively. From point
A ofrectangle OQAR (where O is origin)
two lines are drawn to cut one branch of
the hyperbola at point A 1 and A 2. Find the
locus of the centroid of the triangle
AA,A2, if A,A2 fonns a focal chord of
minimum length.

( ~ Report thequestion )

Solution
Let point P be (a sec B , b tan B)
equation of tangent is
~ sec B - Y tan B = 1
a b
Q = (a cos B , 0), R = (0, - b cot B)
A = (a cos B , - b cot B)
As A1A2 is a focal chord [Link]
length
⇒ A, , A2 are extremities o flatus rectum

⇒ A, = ( ± ae, f) and A2 = ( ± ae, - :

2
)

Let B (h, k) be centroid o f triangle AA1A2

then 3h = a cos B ± 2ae, 3k = - b cot B
So, locus of the centroid is
2 2
Either ( ~ ) =1
l3x - 2 a 2
+b 2
-( ~
3Y
)

m· ( 3 x + 2 ~ r-(~r =I

44 1111

From any point Pon the cmve b x + 2a 2 ,J

4

= 0. pair of tangents PQ and PR are drawn

on the hyperbola ;- - ; = 1. Prove that
a b
QR touches a fixed parabola. Find the
equation of the parabola also .

( ~Reportthequestion )

Solution
Any point on the cmve

b4x + 2a2y2 = 0is(- 2::t2 , 1) .

Equation of QR is

~2 (- 2a2t2
a 4
b
)-1! b2
=1

⇒ - 2xt2 - 1!_ = 1
4
b b2
⇒ - 2xt 2 - ytb2 = b4 ... (!)
Now we have to prove that (1 )
touches a fixed parabola
2 2
From (1 ), we have b ty = -2xt - b4
-2xt 2 b4 -21 b2
⇒ y= ~ - tTt ⇒ y= b2 x- t
21 ) 2
⇒ y= ( - b2 X+ (-21 / b2 ) ... (2)

Clearly (2) is of the fonn y = mx +3. ,

m
which always touches the parabola y2 = Sx
for all real values of t.

45 1111

From a point on the line x = ! , two tangents

are drawn to hyperbola x2 - y2 = I touch it at P
and Q. Show that the locus of the cenh·oid of
~PQS is again a hyperbola , where S is being
the focus of the given hyperbola.

( ~Reportthequestion )

Solution

s(../2. o)

Let x = 1 is the tangent of the hyperbola from

a point A. Tangents are drawn to hyperbola so
coordinates of Q( 1. 0). Let coordinates of
P(sec 0, tan 0) S =( .fi. 0).
Let coordinates of centroid is (h, k)
Hence h 1 + .fi + sec e & k = tan e
3 3
sec e =3h -(1+ .fi) ... ( 1)
tan 0 = 3k .. (2)
From (1 ) and (2),

(3h -{.fi + 1)f - 9k =1 2

Hence locus of centroid is

( 3x - (.fi + 1) r- 9y
2
=1